ABSTRACT
Abstract Background The long incubation periods of cardiovascular diseases offer opportunities for controlling risk factors. In addition, preventive interventions in childhood are more likely to succeed because lifestyle habits become ingrained as they are repeated. Objective To investigate the effects of recreational physical activities, in combination or not with a qualitative nutritional counseling, in cardiometabolic risk factors of students with dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity. Methods Students (8-14 years old) were randomly divided into three groups (n=23 each): i ) Control; ii ) PANC, students undergoing Physical Activity and Nutritional Counseling, and iii ) PA, students submitted to Physical Activity, only. Blood samples (12-h fasting) were collected for biochemical analysis and anthropometric markers were also assessed. Two-Way RM-ANOVA and Holm-Sidak's test, and Friedman ANOVA on Ranks and Dunn's test were applied. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Effect sizes were evaluated by Hedges' g and Cliff's δ for normal and non-Gaussian data, respectively. Results Compared to the control group and to baseline values, both interventions caused significant average reductions in total cholesterol (11%; p <0.001), LDL-c (19%; p=0.002), and non-HDL-c (19%; p=0.003). Furthermore, students in the PANC group also experienced a significant decrease in body fat compared to baseline (p=0.005) and to control (5.2%; g=0.541). Conclusions The proposed strategies were effective to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. The low cost of these interventions allows the implementation of health care programs in schools to improve the students' quality of life.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Food and Nutrition Education , Dyslipidemias/prevention & control , Obesity, Abdominal/prevention & control , Cardiometabolic Risk Factors , Life Style , Quality of Life , Students , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Exercise , Delivery of Health Care , Dyslipidemias/diet therapy , Adolescent Nutrition , Obesity, Abdominal/diet therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#The effects of l-arginine supplementation on indices of glycemic control and the role of many factors influencing this intervention have been controversial in clinical trials.@*OBJECTIVE@#This meta-analysis was performed to assess the effects of l-arginine supplementation on indices of glycemic control, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).@*SEARCH STRATEGY@#This study conducted a systematic review of RCTs published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase, up to 5 May, 2018.@*INCLUSION CRITERIA@#Studies were included in this meta-analysis if they were RCTs with parallel design and reported sufficient data on participants before and after intervention, and outcomes of glycemic profile parameters in both the arginine supplementation and control groups.@*DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS@#The screening of titles and abstracts was performed independently by two reviewers. Selected articles were considered if they met the study's inclusion criteria. The quality of included studies was assessed by using the Cochrane Collaboration modified tool. From 710 articles retrieved in the initial search, only 10 trials were suitable for pooling the effects of arginine supplementation on serum glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and HbA1c levels, with effect sizes of nine, eight, five and five, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Pooled random-effect analysis revealed that l-arginine supplementation could significantly decrease FBG level (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 3.35 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [-6.55, -0.16]; P = 0.04) and serum insulin level (WMD: -2.19 μIU/mL; 95% CI = [-3.70, -0.67]; P = 0.005). However, the effects of l-arginine supplementation on HOMA-IR and HbA1c were not significant. Results of subgroup analysis showed that supplementation with l-arginine could significantly decrease serum insulin levels when the dosage of l-arginine is > 6.5 g/d (WMD: -3.49 μIU/mL; 95% CI = [-5.59, -1.38]; P = 0.001), when the duration of supplementation is ≤ 12.8 weeks (WMD: -3.76; 95% CI = [-6.50, -0.98]; P = 0.008), when the participants are not diabetic patients (WMD: -2.54 μIU/mL; 95% CI = [-4.50, -0.50]; P = 0.01) and when the baseline serum level of insulin was > 20 μIU/mL (WMD: -3.98; 95% CI = [-6.31, -1.65]; P = 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Although the results of this study confirmed that supplementation with l-arginine could have significant effects on some glycemic profile indices of participants in clinical trials, the clinical importance of this reduction may not be meaningful.
ABSTRACT
La presente revisión bibliográfica surge de la necesidad de revisar la evidencia sobre el efecto del entrena-miento resistido en el perfil glicémico. La búsqueda de información se realiza en las bases de datos Ebsco, PubMed, Google Académico y Researchgate, restringida a publicaciones de los años 2011 a 2016. Se utiliza-ron las siguientes palabras clave: Entrenamiento de Resistencia y de control de la diabetes, el Entrenamiento de Resistencia y el control de glucémico, el Entrenamiento de Resistencia y Control de la Salud. Fueron encontrados 841 artículos, a continuación, se excluyeron los artículos que no cumplían con los criterios de inclusión del estudio, de estos 75 fueron excluidos porque no manifestaran el efecto del entrenamiento de resistencia en la glucosa. Finalmente solo 6 estudios fueron seleccionados y analizados para la presente investigación. Los resultados de esta revisión muestran que los métodos de ER, se consideran importantes componentes cuando el objetivo principal es preservar el buen estado de salud, interviniendo positivamente en el perfil glucémico y minimizando los factores de riesgo inherentes a una dieta pobre y estilo de vida sedentario, demostrando que no es sólo el entrenamiento aeróbico el que puede mantener el buen estado de salud.
The present literature review arises from the need to review the evidence on the effect of resistance training on the glycemic profile. The search for information is carried out in the Ebsco, PubMed, Google Scholar and Researchgate databases, restricted to publications from the years 2011 to 2016. The following keywords were used: Resistance training and diabetes control, Resistance and glycemic control, Resistance Training and Health Control. 841 articles were found. Then, articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria of the research were excluded, and from those, 75 more were excluded because they did not manifest the effect of resistance training on glucose. Finally, only 6 research studies were selected and analyzed for this investiga-tion. The results of this review show that RT methods are considered important components when the main objective is to maintain good health by positively intervening on the glycemic profile and by minimizing risk factors inherent to a poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle, and therefore demonstrating that it is not just aerobic training that can maintain good health.