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1.
Con-ciencia (La Paz) ; 10(1): [1-13], 20220600.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399698

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCION. El índice glicémico (IG) es la forma numérica que representa la rapidez de la absorción de los carbohidratos de un alimento, este índice multiplicado por la cantidad de carbohidratos en gramos dividido entre 100 es la carga glicémica (CG), ambos indicadores permiten la selección y uso de alimentos en dietas para controlar los niveles de glucosa sanguínea repercutiendo sobre el estado y restitución de la salud. La Galleta de Chuño es un alimento de repostería a base de fécula de papa que ha ampliado su mercado de consumo a las ciudades bolivianas, es fuente de carbohidratos y es consumido como sustituto del pan y galletas. OBJETIVOS. Determinar el índice glicémico y la carga glicémica de Galletas de Chuño en estudiantes del CETAL La Paz. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo, transversal y descriptivo seleccionando 10 estudiantes que cumplieron con criterios de selección. Se evaluó la respuesta glucémica a los 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 y 120 min tras la ingesta de una solución con 50 g de glucosa y tras el consumo de 72,14 g de Galletas de Chuño, siguiendo procedimientos recomendados por la FAO/WHO para posteriormente calcular el índice glucémico y la carga glucémica. RESULTADOS. El valor promedio del IG de las Galletas de Chuño fue de 65,5 ± 4,8. La CG fue 13,6 para una ración de 30 g de las Galletas de Chuño. CONCLUSIONES. La Galleta de Chuño es un alimento de índice glucémico medio y de carga glicémica media, por lo que es recomendado para el consumo de la población en general, pero con moderación en su ingesta frecuente.


INTRODUCTION. The glycemic index (GI) is the numerical form that represents the rate of the carbohydrate absorption after a meal. This index multiplied by the amount of carbohydrates in grams divided by 100 is the glycemic load (CG). Both indicators allow selection and use of food in diets to control blood glucose levels, affecting the state and restitution of health. Chuño biscuits is a pastry food based on potato starch that has expanded its consumer market to Bolivian cities, it is a source of carbohydrates, and it is consumed as a substitute for bread and cookies. OBJECTIVES. To determine the glycemic index and the glycemic load of Chuño biscuits in students of Centro de Estudios Técnicos Acelerados Loreto (CETAL) in La Paz city. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This observational, prospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study included ten students who met the selection criteria. The glycemic response was evaluated at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after ingesting a solution with 50 g of glucose and after consuming 72.14 g of Chuño biscuits, following procedures recommended by FAO / WHO to calculate the glycemic index and glycemic load subsequently. RESULTS. The average GI value of Chuño biscuits was 65.5 ± 4.8. The CG was 13.6 for a serving of 30 g of the Galletas de Chuño. CONCLUSIONS. Chuño biscuits are a food with a medium glycemic index and a medium glycemic load, so it is recommended for consumption by the general population, however, when its intake is frequent, it should be consumed in moderation.


Subject(s)
Blood Glucose , Food , Diet , Meals , Glycemic Load
2.
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine ; (6): 105-109, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-862528

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Ovarian cancer is a gynecological malignant tumor with the highest fatality rate. It is characterized by concealed onset and poor prognosis. Recent studies have found that carbohydrate intake, food glycemic index and food glycemic load are closely related to the incidence of ovarian cancer. In this article, we summarize the current progress of the above-mentioned research and provide references for the prevention and future research of ovarian cancer.

3.
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol ; 2019 Sep; 85(5): 486-490
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-192522

ABSTRACT

Background: The improvement in insulin resistance and acne lesions on low glycemic load diets in various studies suggests that diet plays a significant role in acne pathogenesis. Aims: To compare the efficacy of a low glycemic load diet plus topical benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel with that of only topical benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel in grades 1, 2 and 3 of acne vulgaris. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 84 patients with grades 1, 2 and 3 acne vulgaris were divided into two groups, to receive a low glycemic load diet and no dietary intervention respectively. Acne lesions (face) were scored and graded at baseline and 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and body mass index were measured during the first and last visits. Statistical analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 17.0. Results: Both groups showed significant reduction in acne counts at 12 weeks (P = 0.931) with no statistically significant difference between the groups. The differences in body mass index and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance between the groups were statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Group 1 showed reductions in body mass index and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance values at the end of the study, whereas group 2 did not. Limitations: Application of mild topical cleanser in both the groups might have contributed to the improvement in epidermal barrier function, and topical application of 2.5% of benzoyl peroxide gel in both groups contributed to the improvement in acne counts. Conclusions: A low glycemic load diet did not result in any significant improvement in acne counts.

5.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 41(1): 4-10, Jan. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003517

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To assess the association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and excess weight in pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods A cross-sectional study in a sample of 217 pregnant women was conducted at the maternal-fetal outpatient clinic of the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil, for routine ultrasound examinations in the period between 11 and 13 weeks + 6 days of gestation.Weight and height were measured and the gestational body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The women were questioned about their usual body weight prior to the gestation, considering the prepregnancy weight. The dietary GI and the glycemic load (GL) of their diets were calculated and split into tertiles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Walls and chi-squared (χ2) statistical tests were employed. A crude logistic regression model and a model adjusted for confounding variables known to influence biological outcomes were constructed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant for all tests employed. Results The sample group presented a high percentage of prepregnancy and gestational overweight (39.7% and 40.1%, respectively). InthetertilewiththehigherGIvalue, therewasa lower dietary intake of total fibers (p = 0.005) and of soluble fibers (p = 0.008). In the third tertile, the dietary GI was associated with overweight in pregnant women in the first trimester of gestation, both in the crude model and in the model adjusted for age, total energy intake, and saturated fatty acids. However, this association was not observed in relation to the GL. Conclusion A high dietary GI was associated with excess weight in women in the first trimester of pregnancy.


Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a associação entre índice glicêmico (IG) dietético e presença de excesso de peso em gestantes no primeiro trimestre de gestação. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com 217 gestantes atendidas no Ambulatório de Medicina Materno-Fetal do Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, para realização de exames ultrassonográficos de rotina no período entre 11 e 13 semanas e 6 dias de gestação. Peso e altura foram obtidos para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC) gestacional. As mulheres foram questionadas quanto ao peso corporal habitual anterior à gestação, considerado o peso pré-gestacional. O IG e a carga glicêmica (CG) das suas dietas foram calculados e divididos em tercis. As associações foram investigadas por análise de variância (ANOVA, na sigla em inglês) ou pelos testes Kruskal-Walls e qui-quadrado (χ2). Resultados O grupo tinha alto percentual de excesso de peso pré-gestacional (39,7%) e gestacional (40,1%). Houve menor consumo de fibras totais (p = 0,005) e fibras insolúveis (p = 0,008) no tercil de maior valor de IG. No terceiro tercil, o IG da dieta foi associado ao excesso de peso dasmulheres no primeiro trimestre de gestação, tanto no modelo bruto como no modelo ajustado para idade, consumo total de energia e de ácidos graxos saturados. No entanto, não se observou esta associação emrelação à CG. Conclusão O alto IG da dieta consumida foi associado ao excesso de peso das mulheres no primeiro trimestre da gestação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications/blood , Pregnancy Trimester, First/blood , Glycemic Index , Diet , Overweight/blood , Glycemic Load , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Overweight/epidemiology
6.
Journal of Nutrition and Health ; : 354-368, 2019.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-765992

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the glycemic response of diets using estimated glycemic load (eGL), which had been developed for mixed meals for Korean adults, and examined its associations with cardiometabolic risk factors among Korean adults. METHODS: A total of 4,655 men and 6,760 women aged 19 years and above were included from the 2013 ~ 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. eGL was calculated by each meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack) and then summed to give daily total eGL. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association. RESULTS: Mean daily total eGL was 112.6 in men and 99.3 in women. Daily total eGL was positively associated with carbohydrate and fiber intakes, but negatively associated with protein and fat intakes in both men and women (p < 0.05 for all). Daily total eGL showed an inverse association with HDL-cholesterol level in both men and women (p = 0.0036 for men and p = 0.0008 for women). Men in the highest quintile of daily total eGL showed a 66% increased risk of hypercholesterolemia (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.10 ~ 2.50; p for trend = 0.0447) compared with those in the lowest quintile. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that eGL based on carbohydrate, protein, fat and fiber intakes can reflect glycemic response and therefore can be used as an index for dietary planning, nutrition education and in the food industry.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Asian People , Diet , Dyslipidemias , Education , Food Industry , Glycemic Load , Hypercholesterolemia , Korea , Logistic Models , Lunch , Meals , Nutrition Surveys , Risk Factors
7.
Nutrition Research and Practice ; : 126-133, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-741707

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The glycemic index (GI) is a measure of the postprandial glucose response (PPGR) to food items, and glycemic load (GL) is a measure of the PPGR to the diet. For those who need to maintain a healthy diet, it is beneficial to regulate appropriate levels of blood glucose. In reality, what influences the meal GI or GL depends on the macronutrient composition and the physical chemistry reactions in vivo. Thus, we investigated whether different macronutrients in a meal significantly affect the PPGR and the validity of calculated GI and GL values for mixed meals. SUBJECTS/METHODS: 12 healthy subjects (6 male, 6 female) were recruited at a campus setting, and subjects consumed a total of 6 test meals one by one, each morning between 8:00 and 8:30 am after 12 h of fasting. PPGR was measured after each consumed meal and serial finger pricks were performed at indicated times. Test meals included 1) 68 g oral glucose, 2) 210 g rice, 3) rice plus 170 g egg white (RE), 4) rice plus 200 g bean sprouts (RS), 5) rice plus 10 g oil (RO), and 6) rice plus, egg white, bean sprouts, and oil (RESO). The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated to assess the PPGR. Mixed meal GI and GL values were calculated based on the nutrients the subjects consumed in each of the test meals. RESULTS: The iAUC for all meals containing two macronutrients (RS, RO, or RE) were not significantly different from the rice iAUC, whereas, the RESO iAUC (2,237.5 ± 264.9) was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The RESO meal's calculated GI and GL values were different from the actual GI and GL values measured from the study subjects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The mixed meal containing three macronutrients (RESO) decreased the PPGR in healthy individuals, leading to significantly lower actual GI and GL values than those derived by nutrient-based calculations. Thus, consuming various macronutrient containing meals is beneficial in regulating PPGR.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Blood Glucose , Chemistry, Physical , Diet , Egg White , Fasting , Fingers , Glucose , Glycemic Index , Glycemic Load , Healthy Volunteers , Meals
8.
Actual. nutr ; 20(3): [88-93], 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1148113

ABSTRACT

el maíz y sus métodos de procesamiento se estudiaron a lo largo de los años para proveer subproductos de mejor calidad sensorial y nutricional. Uno de estos métodos es la nixtamalización ecológica, una variante de la nixtamalización tradicional. En México se estudiaron las tortillas de maíz elaboradas con la nixtamalización ecológica, las caracterizaron fisicoquímicamente y calcularon el índice glucémico in vivo. Estudios recientes también muestran la influencia entre la fibra alimentaria y un bajo índice glucémico.


Subject(s)
Blood Glucose , Glycemic Index
9.
Journal of Clinical Neurology ; : 165-173, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-714340

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Elevated postprandial blood glucose is a critical risk factor for stroke. The dietary glycemic load (GL) and glycemic index (GI) are frequently used as markers of the postprandial blood glucose response to estimate the overall glycemic effect of diets. We hypothesized that high dietary GL, GI, or total carbohydrate intake is associated with a poor functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We prospectively included 263 first-ever ischemic stroke patients who completed a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The dietary GL, GI, and total carbohydrate intake were investigated by examining the average frequency of intake during the previous year based on reference amounts for various food items. Poor functional outcome was defined as a score on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of ≥3 at 3 months after stroke. RESULTS: The patients were aged 65.4±11.7 years (mean±standard deviation), and 58.2% of them were male. A multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, marital status, prestroke mRS score, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, body mass index, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, hemoglobin A1c, stroke classification, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, early neurological deterioration, and high-grade white-matter hyperintensities revealed that the dietary GL and total carbohydrate intake were associated with a poor functional outcome, with odds ratios for the top quartile relative to the bottom quartile of 28.93 (95% confidence interval=2.82–296.04) and 36.84 (95% confidence interval=2.99–453.42), respectively (p for trend=0.002 and 0.002, respectively). In contrast, high dietary GI was not associated with a poor functional outcome (p for trend=0.481). CONCLUSIONS: Increased dietary GL and carbohydrate intake were associated with a poor short-term functional outcome after an acute ischemic stroke.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Blood Glucose , Body Mass Index , Cerebral Infarction , Classification , Diabetes Mellitus , Diet , Glycemic Index , Glycemic Load , Hyperlipidemias , Lipoproteins , Marital Status , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Stroke , Triglycerides
10.
Sci. med. (Porto Alegre, Online) ; 27(4): ID28114, out-dez 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-876951

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Determinar o índice glicêmico e a carga glicêmica de dietas habitualmente oferecidas nos hospitais para pacientes com diabetes mellitus. MÉTODOS: Um estudo transversal avaliou cardápios servidos para pacientes diabéticos internados em hospitais da cidade de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Analisando os cardápios, determinou-se teor energético, de macronutrientes, índice glicêmico e carga glicêmica das refeições ofertadas aos pacientes. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo cinco hospitais gerais da cidade e foram avaliados 10 cardápios de dieta para diabetes. A estrutura dos cardápios diferenciou-se principalmente na oferta quantitativa de frutas e leite. As dietas variaram entre 1317,6 a 2013,2 kcal, com 18,9 a 27,6% de proteínas, 21,9 a 29,4% de lipídios, 48,2 a 53,3% de carboidratos e 24,7 a 33,6 g de fibras. O índice glicêmico diário variou de 47 a 57% e a carga glicêmica diária entre 81 e 109%. CONCLUSÕES: Todas as dietas ofertadas foram hiperproteicas, normolipídicas e normoglicídicas. ntretanto, observaram-se níveis inadequados de carga glicêmica em todos os cardápios avaliados, embora com níveis adequados de índice glicêmico. Faz-se necessária a revisão dos planos alimentares elaborados para diabéticos, visando o melhor tratamento dietoterápico a essa população.


AIMS: To determine the glycemic index and the glycemic load of diets usually offered by hospitals to patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A cross-sectional study evaluated menus served to diabetic inpatients of hospitals in the city of Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Analyzing the menus, we determined the energy content, macronutrients, glycemic index and glycemic load of the meals offered to the patients. RESULTS: Five general hospitals of the city participated in the study and 10 menus for diabetes were evaluated. The structure of the menus was different mainly in the quantitative supply of fruits and milk. Diets ranged from 1317.6 to 2013.2 kcal, with 18.9 to 27.6% of proteins, 21.9 to 29.4% of lipids, 48.2 to 53.3% of carbohydrates and 24.7 to 33.6 g of fibers. Daily glycemic index ranged from 47 to 57% and daily glycemic load from 81 to 109%. CONCLUSIONS: All offered diets were hyperproteic, normolipid and normoglicidic. However, inadequate levels of glycemic load were observed in all the evaluated menus, although with adequate levels of glycemic index. It is necessary to review the diet plans elaborated for diabetics, aiming at the best dietary treatment for this population


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus , Diet Therapy , Glycemic Index
11.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 115(4): 323-330, ago. 2017. tab, Ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-887342

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación entre síndrome metabólico (SM) y carga glicémica (CG) de la ingesta alimentaria en niños y adolescentes obesos atendidos en consulta endocrinológica de un hospital de referencia pediátrica en Lima, Perú. Población y método. Estudio transversal en niños y adolescentes obesos (índice de masa corporal ≥ percentil 95) de 10 a 15 años. Se clasificó como SM según los criterios de la International Diabetes Federation. Se aplicó un recordatorio de 24 horas y se calculó la CG total y por comida. Se evaluó la asociación entre los terciles de CG (comparación con el inferior) y SM usando razones de prevalencia ajustadas (RPa) por variables demográficas, antecedentes familiares, de actividad física y consumo total de carbohidratos en modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados. De 273 niños y adolescentes obesos, 52,4% fueron varones y 94,9% fueron físicamente inactivos. La mediana de CG fue de 213 (164,8287,4) y la de ingesta calórica diaria fue 2275 (1851-3024) kcal, dada principalmente por carbohidratos (62%). La prevalencia de SM fue de 22,3%; los componentes con mayor prevalencia fueron la obesidad abdominal (81,7%) y los valores de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL, del inglés high density lipoprotein) bajos (63,7%). Por último, se encontró una asociación entre el consumo elevado de CG y el riesgo de presentar SM (RPa 4,5; IC 95%: 1,3-15,3). Conclusiones. Existe una asociación entre el alto consumo de CG y la presencia de SM en niños y adolescentes con obesidad.


Objective. To study the association between the metabolic syndrome (MS) and the glycemic load (GL) of food intake among obese children and adolescents seen in consultation by the endocrinology team in a pediatric referral hospital in Lima, Peru. Population and Method. Cross-sectional study among obese children and adolescents (body mass index ≥ 95 percentile), 10-15 years old. The MS was classified according to criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. A 24 hour reminder was used, and the overall and per meal GL was calculated. The association between the GL tertiles (comparison with the lower tertile) and the MS was assessed using prevalence ratios adjusted by demographic outcome measures, family history, physical activity and total carbohydrate consumption in Poisson regression models with a robust variance. Results. Out of 273 obese children and adolescents, 52.4% were male and 94.9% did not engage in any physical activity. Glycemic load median value was 213 (164.8-287.4) and the daily calorie intake value was 2275 (1851-3024) kcal, consisting mainly of carbohydrates (62%). MS prevalence was 22.3%; the most prevalent components were abdominal obesity (81.7%) and low values of high density lipoprotein (HDL) (63.7%). Lastly, an association was observed between a high consumption of GL and the risk of developing MS (aRP 4.5; 95% CI: 1.3-15.3). Conclusions. There is an association between a high consumption of GL and the presence of MS among obese children and adolescents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Diet , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Glycemic Load , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
12.
Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Medical Sciences) ; (6): 711-718, 2017.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-333438

ABSTRACT

Food intake has a great influence on blood glucose in patients with diabetes.This study was to determine the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of a particular pomelo named Majia pomelo and its effects on postprandial glucose (PPG) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Twenty healthy subjects and 20 T2D patients (controlled on lifestyle measures and/or metformin) were tested on 2 separate days with 50 g of glucose and 50 g equivalent of carbohydrates from Majia pomelo for GI measurement.To test effects of Majia pomelo on PPG,19 hospitalized T2D patients (controlled on insulin therapy) were selected for a 9-day study.The dose of insulin for each patient was adjusted on the first 3 days.A total of 100 mg Majia pomelo was consumed per meal in the last 3 tested days.Blood glucose was measured to evaluate the glycemic excursions.The GIs for Majia pomelo in healthy individuals and T2D patients were 78.34± 1.88 and 72.15±1.95 respectively.The value of GL was as low as 4.23 in diabetic patients with serving size of 100 g pomelo,indicting Majia pomelo as a high GI but low GL fruit.Consumption of Majia pomelo in hospitalized T2D patients did not cause significant glucose fluctuation.It was concluded that high GI pomelo can serve as a low GL fruit if it is consumed with a limited daily amount and thus can be supplied to diabetic patients.These results may mean more varieties of food choices for T2D patients.

13.
Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing ; (36): 347-351, 2017.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-514436

ABSTRACT

Objective To evaluate the effects of low blood sugar production index (LGI) combined with low blood sugar production burden (LGL) dietary intervention on blood glucose, oxidative stress and anthropometric indicators in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 150 cases of type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups,maintain the original treatment plan of two groups,75 patients in the control group were given traditional food interchange method for dietary intervention;the experimental group of 75 patients, provide food education based on LGI+LGI food exchange method , the time period of 3 months. Fasting blood glucose (FPG)、2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), Glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist circumference (WC) Upper arm muscle circumference (AMC), Triceps skin fold thickness (TSF) were observed before and after the intervention. Results There were no significant differences in blood glucose, oxidative stress and anthropometry between the two groups (P>0.05). After intervention, in the control group: FPG, 2hPG, HbAlc, SOD, MDA, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, BMI, WC, AMC, TSF were (10.27 ± 2.67) mmol/L, (11.51 ± 2.54) mmol/L, (8.78 ± 1.95)%, (322.73 ± 51.97) kU/L, (5.80 ± 1.76)μmol/L, (40.78±4.86)μmol/L, (19.33±4.79)μmol/L, (23.94±3.18) kg/m2, (89.57±10.23) cm, (24.10± 3.01) cm, (18.38 ± 3.79)mm respectively. In the experimental group: they were (8.76 ± 2.77) mmol/L, (10.63 ± 1.76) mmol/L, (7.96 ± 1.86)%, (357.29 ± 60.04) kU/L, (5.26 ± 1.33)μmol/L, (44.01 ± 7.06)μmol/L, (21.58 ± 5.25) μmol/L, (22.93 ± 2.75) kg/m2, (86.05 ± 10.79) cm, (22.75 ± 2.86) cm, (16.98 ± 4.48) mm respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups after intervention (t=2.049-3.769, all P < 0.05). In the experimental group, the improvement of blood sugar, oxidative stress and anthropometry was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions LGI combined with LGL diet intervention is better than the traditional method of food interchange, the blood glucose, oxidative stress and anthropometric indicators have improved, which can improve treatment efficacy in type 2 diabetes and easy for home self-management.

14.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 52(4): 761-769, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951870

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We developed a pre-clinical model in which to evaluate the impact of orally administered carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels. For this purpose, we compared the effects of different carbohydrates with well-established glycemic indexes. We orally administered (gavage) increasing amounts (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g/kg) of sucrose and lactose to rats which had been fasted for 6 h or 15 h, respectively. In part of the experiments we administered frutose (gavagem). Three different models were compared for measuring postprandial blood glucose levels: a) evaluation of interstitial glucose concentrations by using a real time continuous glucose monitoring system; b) evaluation of glucose levels in blood obtained from the rat tail; c) evaluation of serum glucose levels in blood collected after decapitation. Our results showed that blood obtained from the tails of 15-h fasted rats was the best model in which to evaluate the effect of carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Administration, Oral , Glycemic Index/genetics , Health Impact Assessment/instrumentation , Carbohydrates/analysis , Glycemic Load/drug effects
15.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 66(4): 294-300, dic. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-838456

ABSTRACT

El Índice y Carga Glicémica (IG y CG) categorizan los alimentos según su capacidad de incrementar la glicemia, considerando cantidad y calidad de hidratos de carbono consumidos. Diferentes estudios han postulado que una dieta con IG y CG altos y bajo consumo de fibra incrementan la glicemia e insulinemia, aunque con resultados heterogéneos.El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre IG, CG e ingesta de fibra y valores HOMA-IR en adultos jóvenes. En una muestra representativa de 738 personas que tenían entre 32 y 38 años, nacidos en el Hospital de Limache, Región de Valparaíso, Chile, se recogió información socioeconómica, de salud, se determinó estado nutricional, glicemia, insulina basal y HOMA, y con la encuesta de frecuencia de consumo se estimó IG, CG e ingesta de fibra. Se construyeron modelos de regresión múltiple, controlando efectos de confusión e interacción. En modelos ajustados, se observó que por cada 10 unidades que aumenta el IG y CG de la dieta en individuos con exceso de peso, aumenta el HOMA-IR en 0,31 (p=0,042) y 0,03 (p=0,012), respectivamente y por cada 10 gramos que aumenta la fibra total y soluble, disminuye el HOMA-IR en 0,10 (p=0,04) y 0,62 (p=0,034) respectivamente. En personas sin exceso de peso no hubo estos efectos. Existe una asociación directa entre el aumento de IG y CG de los alimentos y el incremento de HOMA-IR sólo en individuos con exceso de peso y una asociación inversa entre ingesta de fibra dietética total y soluble y HOMA-IR(AU)


Glycemic index, glycemic load and dietary fiber of foods and its association with insulin resistance in Chilean adults. Glycemic index and glycemic load (GI and GL) categorize foods according to their ability to increase blood sugar levels, considering quantity and quality of carbohydrates consumed. Different studies have postulated that a high GI and GL diet and low fiber intake increased glycemia and insulinemia, although with heterogeneous results. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between GI, GL and fiber intake and HOMA-IR values in young adults. In a representative sample of 738 people aged between 32 and 38 years old, born in the Limache’s Hospital, Valparaiso, Chile, socioeconomic and health information, nutritional status, basal glycemia, insulin and HOMA were collected. With a food frequency questionnaire, GI, GL and fiber intake were estimated. Multiple regression models were constructed, controlling confounding and interaction effects. In adjusted models, it was found that for every 10 units that increases diet GI and GL in overweight individuals, HOMA- IR increases in 0.31 (p = 0.042) and 0.03 (p = 0.012) respectively, and for every 10 grams that increases total and soluble fiber intake, HOMA-IR reduces in 0.10 (p = 0.04) and 0.62 (p = 0.034) respectively. In people without overweight such effects were not observed. There was a direct association bet- ween increased GI and GL foods and increased HOMA-IR only in individuals with overweight and an inverse association between total and soluble fiber intake and HOMA-IR(AU)


Subject(s)
Insulin Resistance , Dietary Fiber , Glycemic Index , Overweight/etiology , Glycemic Load , Insulin/metabolism , Obesity/etiology , Carbohydrates , Public Health , Chronic Disease , Malnutrition
16.
Chinese Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism ; (12): 38-41, 2016.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-484408

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the status of dietary fiber ( DF ) and dietary glycemic load ( GL ) in middle-aged and elderly population, and to analyze the correlation of DF and GL with abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods Subjects aged 40-79 years came from Guangzhou community. Dietary nutrients intakes were assessed by continuous 24 hours review for 3 days. Correlation of abnormal glucose metabolism with GL and DF and their interaction were analyzed as quintiles of the distribution. Results Of 1 832 subjects, there were 990 subjects (54. 0%) with normal glucose tolerance, 640 (34. 9%) with IGR, and 202 (11. 0%) newly-diagnosed diabetes mellitus(DM). AverageDFintakeofsubjectswas(11.5±4.5)g/dandaverageGLintakewas(181.0±7.5)/d. Compared with the highest quintile group of total DF intake, the risk of abnormal glucose metabolism in the lowest quintile group was increased[OR=1. 99, 95% CI (1. 48,2. 67)], with increased IGR risk[OR=1. 85, 95% CI (1.34,2.57)]andDMrisk[OR=2.36,95% CI(1.50,3.73)]. ComparedwiththelowestquintilegroupofGL intake, the risk of abnormal glucose metabolism in the highest quintile group was increased [ OR=1. 58, 95% CI (1. 18, 2. 13)], and with increased IGR risk[OR=1. 75, 95%CI(1. 26, 2. 42)] and DM risk[OR=1. 22, 95%CI(0. 77, 1. 94)]. The lowest quintile of DF and the highest quintile of GL was associated with the risk of increased abnormal glucose metabolism[OR=3. 43, 95%CI(1. 41, 8. 36)]. Conclusion Abnormal glucose metabolism was negatively related with DF and positively related with GL.

17.
Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition ; (6): 8-14, 2016.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-490539

ABSTRACT

Objective To evaluate the effects of dietary intervention with low glycemic index (LGI) and low glycemic load (LGL) on dietary knowledge and dietary modification of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods This study was a cluster randomized controlled study.From June to September 2010,105 T2DM patients were randomly sampled from 3 residential areas (n =35 in each) in Jin Pen Ling community,Changsha,Hunan province and divided into three groups with a random number table:whole-day dietary intervention group (group A,n =35),breakfast dietary intervention group (group B,n =35),and control group (group C,n =35).Interventions included 3-month health education and dietary intervention.Dietary knowledge,dietary oils,glycemic index (GI),and glycemic load (GL) of the three groups were compared before and after intervention.Results Before intervention,all the three groups showed a low level of knowledge about GI (57.7 %),and high levels of average GI value of each meal (69.71 ± 8.55),GL value per day (132.45 ± 16.25),and daily cooking oil intake [(39.95 ± 20.64)g].The average knowledge level about GI increased after intervention in both group A (96.3% vs.57.1%,P <0.05) and group B (94.5% vs.60.5%,P<0.05),but not in group C (54.8% vs.55.3%,P>0.05).The reduction of daily cooking oilintake in group A was larger than those in group B and group C [(7.81 ± 3.91) g vs.(-5.12 ± 1.37) g,(7.81 ± 3.91) g vs.(-3.45 ± 5.95) g,both P < 0.05];so was the average GI value of each meal [group A,(5.95±2.27);groupB (-0.85±1.87);groupC,(-2.87±1.93);allP<0.05].The changes of GL values in group A (11.31 ±4.31) was better than in group B (1.23 ±27.82) and group C (-0.43 ± 18.40)(both P <0.05).Conclusions The average GI value,GL value,and daily cooking oil intake of T2DM patients were all at a high level before intervention,while the level of knowledge about GI was at a low level.Health education providing GI knowledge may effectively improve the knowledge about GI in T2DM patients,while LGI and LGL dietary intervention may promote diet modification.Whole-day dietary intervention may be more effective than breakfast intervention.

18.
The Journal of Practical Medicine ; (24): 831-833, 2016.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-484808

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the effect of dietary glycemic load (GL) on the blood glucose level in women with impaired glucose regulation. Methods A total of 120 women with impaired glucose regulation aged from 40 to 79 were enrolled from Guangzhou community to participate in the epidemiological survey on dia-betes mellitus, and were followed up for 12 months. Continues 24 -hour dietary review of 3 days were completed before and after intervention. The dietary GI, GL and the changes of blood glucose level during the 12-month follow-up were analyzed. Results Ninety-nine subjects completed the 12-month follow-up. According to the GL change percentage (ΔGL), all of the subjects were divided into three groups, including group Ⅰ(ΔGL < -30%)、group Ⅱ(ΔGL -30% ~ -10%) and group Ⅲ (ΔGL≥-10%). The reductions of HbA1c in group Ⅰ and groupⅡ were greater than that in group Ⅲ (P < 0.05). Conclusion To lowering dietary GL at 10% or more should be conductive to reduce HbA1C of women with inpaired glucose regulation.

19.
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health ; : 153-164, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-11119

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have obtained conflicting findings regarding possible associations between indices measuring carbohydrate intake and dyslipidemia, which is an established risk factor of coronary heart disease. In the present study, we examined cross-sectional associations between carbohydrate indices, including the dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), total amount of carbohydrates, and the percentage of energy from carbohydrates, and a range of blood lipid parameters. METHODS: This study included 1530 participants (554 men and 976 women) from 246 families within the Healthy Twin Study. We analyzed the associations using a generalized linear mixed model to control for familial relationships. RESULTS: Levels of the Apo B were inversely associated with dietary GI, GL, and the amount of carbohydrate intake for men, but these relationships were not significant when fat-adjusted values of the carbohydrate indices were used. Triglyceride levels were positively associated with dietary GI and GL in women, and this pattern was more notable in overweight participants (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2). However, total, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were not significantly related with carbohydrate intake overall. CONCLUSIONS: Of the blood lipid parameters we investigated, only triglyceride levels were positively related with dietary carbohydrate indices among women participants in the Healthy Twin Study, with an interactive role observed for BMI. However, these associations were not observed in men, suggesting that the association between blood lipid levels and carbohydrate intake depends on the type of lipid, specific carbohydrate indices, gender, and BMI.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Apolipoproteins B , Carbohydrates , Cholesterol , Coronary Disease , Dietary Carbohydrates , Dyslipidemias , Glycemic Index , Glycemic Load , Lipoproteins , Overweight , Risk Factors , Triglycerides
20.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-749169

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the possible association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) and anthropometric indicators of adiposity in clients of private esthetics clinics of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Methods:Observational, cross-section study in which all participants underwent anthropometric (measurement of weight, height, BMI, and waist circumference) and dietary (24-hour recall) assessments. The dietary GI and GL were calculated as proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization ? FAO, considering the values of the International Table of GlycemicIndex (2008). Dietary analysis was performed using DietWin® software and statistical analysis using SPPS 16.0 Package®. Results: One hundred nineteen clients of three private cosmetic clinics of Porto Alegre were Included in the current study. The following data were collected from the study subjects: 39.12 ± 13.55 years old, BMI equals to 26.21 ± 5.10kg/m², and waist circumference equal to 80.5 ± 11.3 cm for women and 99.7 ± 13.7 cm for men. The daily GL was equal to 89.9 ± 38.7 grams and the GI was equal to 54.4 ± 7.5%. The daily GL differed between participants categorized byBMI, considering the cutoff of the World Health Organization (WHO): higher GL was observed among overweight and obese participants in comparison to participants with underweight and normal weight (89.9 ± 38.7 g vs 89.9 ± 38.7 grams, p = 0.02). The GL explained approximately 26% of the variability in waist circumference values (p <0.001). Conclusion: Clients of private cosmetic clinics of Porto Alegre included in the current study presented overweight in a high proportion; it could be related to a high dietary GL. This aspect should be considered in the nutrition counseling ofthis group of patients regarding carbohydrate intake


Objetivo: Avaliar a possível associação entre o índice glicêmico (IG) e a carga glicêmica (CG) da dieta de frequentadores de clínicas estéticas privadas de Porto Alegre/RS e indicadores antropométricos de adiposidade corporal. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal em que os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica [peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferência da cintura (CC)] e do consumo alimentar (recordatório de 24 horas). O IG e a CG das dietas foram calculados conforme padrão proposto pela FAO, a partir dos valores de IG da Tabela internacional (2008). A análise dietética dos dados foi realizada no software DietWin® e as análises estatísticas no Pacote SPPS 16.0®. Resultados: Foram avaliados 119 frequentadores de três clínicas estéticas privadas de Porto Alegre com idade média de 39,12 ± 13,55 anos, IMC de 26,21 ± 5,10Kg/m² e CC de 80,5 ± 11,3cm (para mulheres) e de 99,7 ± 13,7cm (para homens). A CG diária foi igual a 89,9 ± 38,7g e o IG igual a 54,4 ± 7,5%. A CG diária diferiu entre os grupos quando categorizados pelo IMC, considerando-se os pontos de corte da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS): maior CG diária entre os participantes com sobrepeso e obesidade em comparação àqueles com baixo peso e eutrofia (89,9 ± 38,7g vs. 89,9 ± 38,7g, P=0,02). A CG da dieta explicou cerca de 26% da variabilidade nos valores de CC dos participantes (P<0.001). Conclusão: Elevada prevalência de excesso de peso corporal foi observada na amostra de frequentadoresde clínicas estéticas privadas avaliada, o que foi relacionado ao consumo de dieta com elevada CG. A orientação nutricional desse grupo específico de indivíduos deve ponderar para esse aspecto quando da escolha de alimentos-fonte de carboidrato.


Subject(s)
Beauty and Aesthetics Centers , Diet/classification , Glycemic Index/physiology , Glycemic Load/physiology , Body Mass Index , Waist Circumference/physiology
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