Efecto antibacteriano del aceite esencial de Minthostachys mollis (Griseb) L. frente a Streptococcus mutans y Lactobacillus acidophilus / Antibacterial effect of Minthostachys mollis(Griseb) L.essential oil against Streptococcus mutansand Lactobacillus acidophilus

Introducción: El uso de los aceites esenciales de plantas medicinales ha demostrado poseer propiedades antibacterianas frente a diversas especies bacterianas. Objetivo: Identificar la composición química del aceite esencial de Minthostachys mollis (Griseb) L. y determinar su actividad antibacteriana frente a Streptococcus mutans y Lactobacillus acidophilus. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental in vitro. Se empleó el software EpiInfoTM para el cálculo de las repeticiones. Se obtuvo aceite esencial de M. mollis proveniente de la región altoandina del Perú. La composición química fue analizada por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. La actividad antibacteriana se evaluó por medio del método de difusión en disco, además, se identificó la concentración mínima inhibitoria y la concentración mínima bactericida. Resultados: Los principales constituyentes del aceite esencial fueron mentona (32,9 por ciento) y eucaliptol (28,06 por ciento). El aceite esencial fue efectivo para inhibir el crecimiento de S. mutans y L. acidophilus, con halos de inhibición de 19,040 ± 0,883 mm y 18,008 ± 0,861 mm. La clorhexidina al 0,12 por ciento fue más efectiva que el aceite esencial para inhibir el crecimiento de L. acidophilus (p < 0,05). Una concentración de 1,6 por ciento (v/v) del aceite esencial fue inhibitoria y bactericida frente a S. mutans; para L. acidophilus una concentración de 3,2 por ciento (v/v) fue inhibitoria. Conclusiones: Los principales constituyentes del aceite esencial de M. mollis fueron mentona y eucaliptol y demostró ser efectivo para inhibir el crecimiento de S. mutans y L. acidophilus(AU)

Introduction: The use of essential oils from medicinal plants has been shown to possess antibacterial properties against various bacterial species. Objective: To identify the chemical composition of the essential oil of Minthostachys mollis (Griseb) L. and determine its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Methods: An experimental study was performed in vitro. EpiInfoTM software was used to calculate the repetitions. Essential oil of M. mollis was obtained from the high Andean region of Peru. The chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry; antibacterial activity was evaluated by means of the disk diffusion method, in addition the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration were identified. Results: The main constituents of the essential oil were menthone (32.9 percent) and eucalyptol (28.06 percent). The essential oil was effective in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans and L. acidophilus, with inhibition halos of 19.040 ± 0.883 mm and 18.008 ± 0.861 mm. Chlorhexidine 0.12 percent was more effective than essential oil in inhibiting the growth of L. acidophilus (p < 0.05). A concentration of 1.6 percent (v/v) of the essential oil was inhibitory and bactericidal against S. mutans; for L. acidophilus a concentration of 3.2 percent (v/v) was inhibitory. Conclusions: The main constituents of the essential oil of M. mollis were menthone and eucalyptol and it was shown to be effective in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans and L. acidophilus(AU)

Improved RP-HPLC Method for Quantitation of Swertiamarin from Swertia Densifolia Leaves and Marketed Herbal Formulations.

Objective: Present study aims at developing and validating an improved RP-HPLC method for determination of Swertiamarin from extracts of Swertia densifolia (Griseb.) Kashyap leaves and marketed herbal formulations. Methods: Developed RP-HPLC method is validated and is used for determination of Swertiamarin from hydroalcoholic extracts of test plant material and marketed herbal formulations. The separation is carried out on C18 column. The mobile phase used is 10 mM Ammonium acetate: Acetonitrile: Formic acid in ratio 90:10:0.2% (v/v/v/). The wavelength selected is 237 nm using UV detector. Results and Discussion: A seven-point calibration curve over the concentration range of 50.00 –20000.00 ng/mL for Swertiamarin provides an optimum linear detector response (with r2>0.9970). The % R.S.D. (n = 6) for the low, middle and high quality control samples are within <6.44 and < 9.04 for inter-day and intra-day precision and accuracy respectively. Conclusion: A simple, sensitive and precise method is developed for quantitation of SWM. Method is validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and its applicability is demonstrated by successful measurement of Swertiamarin from hydroalcoholic extracts of Swertia densifolia leaves and selected marketed herbal formulations.

Disminución de tránsito intestinal y ausencia de toxicología aguda preclínicas de la decocción de partes aéreas frescas de Phania matricarioides (Spreng. ) Griseb / Reduction of the intestinal transit and lack of preclinical acute toxicology of decoction from Phania matricarioides (Spreng. ) Griseb fresh aerial parts

Introducción: la decocción de partes aéreas frescas de Phania matricarioides (Spreng. ) Griseb (manzanilla), se emplea tradicionalmente en Cuba para afecciones digestivas como malas digestiones y diarrea aguda simple; no se encontraron estudios de validación preclínica del efecto antidiarreico y su seguridad. Objetivos: evaluar la acción sobre el tránsito intestinal y la toxicología aguda oral y tópica en modelos preclínicos de la decocción de partes aéreas frescas de Phania matricarioides. Métodos: se colectaron las partes aéreas frescas de Phania matricarioides y se realizó decocción (30 y 50 por ciento). Se aplicó el modelo experimental: tránsito intestinal en ratones con una sola administración de la decocción al 30 por ciento en dosis de 1,0, 5,0 y 10,0 g de material vegetal/kg de peso corporal por 1 día; y en dosis de 1,0 y 5,0 g de material vegetal/kg de peso corporal por 4 días. El estudio toxicológico oral y tópico (decocción 50 por ciento) se efectuó en los modelos: clases tóxicas agudas y toxicidad dérmica aguda en ratas con dosis de 2 000 mg/kg de peso corporal e irritabilidad dérmica primaria en conejos. Resultados: la decocción administrada por 1 día no modificó de forma significativa el tránsito intestinal, la administración por 4 días disminuyó de forma significativa y dosis dependiente el tránsito intestinal (5,0 g/kg). en el estudio toxicológico no se produjo ninguna muerte, no se evidenciaron signos de toxicidad ni lesiones macroscópicas en los órganos de las ratas, el aumento de peso fue el esperado. El índice de irritación primaria reflejó 0. Conclusiones: los resultados permiten validar el efecto antidiarreico de la decocción de partes aéreas frescas de Phania matricarioides para afecciones digestivas y no clasifica como tóxico

Introduction: Phania matricarioides (Spreng. ) Griseb (chamomile) fresh aerial part decoction is traditionally used in Cuba to treat digestive disorders as upset stomach and simple acute diarrheas. However, there were no previous preclinical validation studies on the antidiarrheal effect and safety of this species. Objectives: to evaluate the action of decoction from Phania matricarioides fresh aerial parts on the intestinal transit and the oral and topical acute toxicology in preclinical models. Methods: the fresh aerial parts of this plant were harvested and decoction was obtained (30 and 50 percent). The experimental model of intestinal transit in mice, with 30 percent decoction being administrated once at doses of 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 g of vegetal material/kg of bodyweight for one day, and at doses of 1.0 and 5.0 g/kg for 4 days, was applied. The oral and topical toxicological study (50 percent decoction) was conducted in the models acute-toxic and acute dermal toxic classes in rats at a dose of 2000 mg/kg of bodyweight and primary dermal irritability in rabbits. Results: the decoction administered for one day did not significantly change the intestinal transit, but the administration for 4 days did significantly change, depending on dose, the intestinal transit (5.0 g/kg). There was no death in the study, there were neither signs of toxicity nor macroscopic lesions in the rats' organs, whereas the weight gain behaved as expected. The index of primary irritation was null. Conclusions: the results allow validating the antidiarrheal effect of Phania matricarioides fresh aerial parts decoction on digestive disorders and it is not toxic

Validación etnofarmacológica de Nectandra coriacea (Sw) Griseb y Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam reportadas como diuréticas en el municipio Santa Clara / Ethnopharmacological validation of Nectandra coriacea (Sw.) Griseb. and Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam reported as diuretics in Santa Clara municipality

En Cuba se reportan alrededor de 179 plantas que la población utiliza como diuréticas, pero en la mayoría de los casos este efecto no ha sido comprobado experimentalmente. Objetivo: comprobar el efecto farmacológico atribuido a plantas medicinales reportadas como diuréticas que carecen de validación experimental. Métodos: se realizó un estudio etnofarmacológico en el municipio Santa Clara que contó con 2 etapas: identificación etnofarmacológica y evaluación in vivo de la actividad diurética de las plantas más reportadas que carecían de validación preclínica. La investigación etnofarmacológica se desarrolló en varias localidades del referido municipio, utilizando una muestra heterogénea conformada por diferentes grupos muestrales. A partir de las dos especies identificadas que carecían de validación experimental, se elaboraron decocciones al 30 por ciento y se administraron por vía oral a la dosis de 400 mg/kg, sobre la base de la determinación de los sólidos totales, a ratas albinas machos con un peso comprendido entre 170 y 210 g. La dosis fue completada con solución salina fisiológica para lograr una sobrecarga hidrosalina con un volumen total de administración constante de 40 mL/kg PV, tanto para los grupos tratados como para los controles (positivo, furosemida 20 mg/kg e hidroclorotiazida 10 mg/kg; negativo, cloruro de sodio 0,9 por ciento). Se midieron los volúmenes de orina excretados a las ½, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6 h posadministración y las concentraciones de electrolitos (Na+ y K+) en la orina total colectada a ls 24 h...

There are in Cuba about 179 plants that the population uses as diurectics, but the effect of the majority of them has not been experimentally confirmed. Objective: to verify the pharmacological effect attributed to medicinal plants reported as diuretics, whose effect has not been validated yet. Methods: a two-phase ethnopharmacological study was conducted in Santa Clara municipality: ehnopharmacological identification and in vivo evaluation of the diuretic action of the most reported plants whose preclinical validation was not confirmed. The ethnopharmacological research study was developed in several places of the refered municipality, using a heterogenous sample made up of different sampling groups. On the basis of the two identified species that have not been experimentally validated, 30 percent decoctions were prepared and orally administered at a dose of 400 mg/kg, based on the determination of total solid content, to male albine rats weighing 170 to 210 g. The dose was completed with physiological saline solution to reach hydrosaline overload with constant total volume of administration equals to 40 mL/kg PV for both the treated groups and the controls (positive, furosemide at 20 mg/kg and hydrochlorotiazide at 10 mg/kg, and negative controls, 0,9 percent sodium chloride). Excreted urine volumen were measured at half and hour, one hour, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after the administration and the electrolyte concentrations in the total collected urine at 24 hours...

Beneficial effect of Berberis buxifolia Lam, Ziziphus mistol Griseb and Prosopis alba extracts on oxidative stress induced by chloramphenicol / Efecto benéfico de extractos de Berberis buxifolia Lam, Zizyphus mistol Griseb y Prosopis alba sobre el estrés oxidativo inducido por cloramfenicol

The chemiluminescence of luminol, a measure of oxidative stress, increased immediately as a consequence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulated by this antibiotic. The effect of Ch was dose dependent with maximum stimulus at 8 mg/ml (Vmax); above this concentration the cells began to reduce the production of ROS. The oxidative injury of Ch was counteracted by water extracts of Berberis buxifolia lam, Zizyphus mistol Griseb and Prosopis alba, indigenous fruits from Argentina. The relatively light units (RLU) emitted decreased immediately as a consequence of a protective effect exerted by the extracts of these fruit extracts on blood cells. The three indigenous fruit extracts reduced to a different extent the oxidative injury caused by Ch. B.buxifolia lam exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity followed by Z.mistol Griseb. Water extracts of both fruit extracts were the most effective against the oxidative stress, while P.alba presented better antioxidant capacity in the ethanolic fraction obtained. Hexane extracts showed low protective action on blood cells, with little reduction of area under curve (AUC) of RLU plotted versus time. Leukocytes remained viable in blood samples incubated for 3h with Ch and water extracts of B. buxifolia lam or Z. mistol Griseb (97.1% and 92.5% viability by Trypan blue exclusion, respectively); whereas with Ch only the cells were stressed and viability decreased to 30%. The three fruit extracts protected the viability of leukocytes in parallel with the decrease of ROS. Erythrocytes were not lysed in the presence of Ch.

Se estudió el efecto antioxidante de tres extractos de frutas autóctonas, Berberis buxifolia lam (michay), Zizyphus mistol Griseb (mistol) and Prosopis alba (algarrobo). Las células sanguíneas humanas sufrieron estrés oxidativo por acción de cloramfenicol (Ch), con un aumento inmediato de especies reactivas del oxígeno (ERO), que fue determinado por quimioluminiscencia con luminol. La respuesta fue dependiente de la dosis, con un máximo a 8 mg/ml. Los extractos de frutas autóctonas de la Argentina fueron capaces de contrarrestar el estrés generado por el antibiótico. El michay y el mistol resultaron más efectivos en la fase acuosa, y el algarrobo fue más antioxidante en extractos etílicos, mientras que las fracciones obtenidas con hexano no fueron activas. La viabilidad de los leucocitos se mantuvo elevada con Ch en presencia de extractos, entre 92.5 y 97.1%, cayendo hasta un 30% con Ch solo. Tanto los eritrocitos como los leucocitos fueron protegidos del efecto estresante por la capacidad antioxidantes de los extractos de las tres frutas investigadas, lo que podría ser importante a considerar en la dieta de niños, y pacientes en general, sometidos a Ch u otras terapias causantes de estrés oxidativo.

Antivirus constituents from Alternanthera philoxeroides / 中草药

Objective To investigate the anti-HBV constituents from Alternanthera philoxeroides.Methods The constituents were isolated with silica gel and gel permeation chromatography,and purified by HPLC.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy.The antivirus effects of the isolated compounds were tested by ELISA method in vitro.Results Ten compounds were isolated and elucidated as followings:oleanolic acid(Ⅰ),oleanolic acid 3-O-?-D-glucuronopyranoside(Ⅱ),oleanolic acid 28-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅲ),chikusetsusaponin Ⅳ a methyl ester(Ⅳ),4,5-dihydroblumenol(Ⅴ),N-trans-feruloyl 3-methyldopamine(Ⅵ),N-trans-feruloyl tyramine(Ⅶ),3?-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one(Ⅷ),24-methylenecycloartanol(Ⅸ),and cycloeucalenol(Ⅹ).The values of inhibition percent of compounds Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅴ-Ⅶ revealed a significant distinction compared to the control group.Compounds Ⅱ and Ⅴ showed significant inhibition against HepG2 cells transected with cloned hepatitis B virus DNA,their inhibitive ratios were 85.38% and 87.37% at 50 ?g/mL,respectively.Conclusion Compounds Ⅳ-Ⅶ are isolated from this plant for the first time and phenolic amides have been determined as the new structure type from the plants of Alternanthera Forsk.Compounds Ⅱ and Ⅴ from A.philoxeroides show the more significant anti-HBV activities.