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1.
Rev. bras. ciênc. esporte ; 45: e20230063, 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529727

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El presente artículo se desprende del proyecto de investigación Género. Una mirada necesaria sobre las prácticas profesionales de educación física en la escuela. Se propone indagar las prácticas profesionales en escuelas por parte de cuatro grupos de estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Educación Física. Aquí, se expone una serie de experiencias y testimonios recogidas a partir del (re)ingreso a la escuela por parte de las y los practicantes, articulando sus discursos con elementos de la teoría desarrollada por Pierre Bourdieu, reflexionando sobre los efectos en sus trayectorias de la incorporación de disposiciones sociales en tanto ex-escolares, practicantes y observando la relación entre las prácticas, los habitus y el campo.


ABSTRACT This article is part of the research project. On gender. A deep look at Physical Education professional practices in School. Its purpose is to investigate the professional practices in schools among four groups of students persuing a Bachelor's Degree in Physical Education, including gender as an analytical category. From a set of experiences and testimonies collected from the (re-)entry to school of the interns, expressing their discourses with elements of the theory developed by Pierre Bourdieu, and reflecting on the impacts of the incorporation of social dispositions in their career paths, as former school students and interns, and analyzing the relation between practices, habitus and field.


RESUMO Este artigo é derivado do projeto de pesquisa Gênero. Um olhar necessário sobre as práticas profissionais de Educação Física na escola, e seu objetivo é investigar as práticas profissionais nas escolas por parte de quatro grupos de estudantes do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física. Aqui, são apresentadas uma série de experiências e discursos coletados a partir do (re)ingresso à escola por parte dos praticantes, articulando essas fontes com elementos da teoria desenvolvida por Pierre Bourdieu, refletindo sobre os efeitos em suas trajetórias da incorporação de disposições sociais como ex-alunos, praticantes e observando a relação entre as práticas, os habitus e o campo.

2.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 72(2): 125-138, jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1382070

ABSTRACT

El índice de masa corporal (IMC) elevado marcaría hoy una nueva etapa dentro de la transición epidemiológica, siendo posible develar el origen social del nuevo perfil de morbimortalidad. Esta revisión busca integrar diferentes conceptos teóricos para explicar los mecanismos a través de los cuales lo social se incorpora en el individuo, delimitando su comportamiento en salud y con ello, su estado nutricional. Las estructuras que representan los determinantes sociales de la salud operarían de manera sistemáticamente distinta sobre las personas, generando posiciones más o menos ventajosas dentro del campo de juego sanitario. Este patrón traduce una realidad que se encarna (embodiment) de manera inconsciente y duradera a través de un habitus, favoreciendo prácticas sociales diferenciadas que terminan por construir clases de cuerpos como expresión biológica de la desigualdad. La toma de decisiones estratégicas en salud dependerá de capacidades y libertades individuales primeramente restringidas por aquellos contextos sociales, entendiéndose estos como las causas estructurales de la salud poblacional(AU)


A high body mass index (BMI) would characterize a new stage in the epidemiological transition, making it possible to reveal the social origin of the new morbidity and mortality burden. This review seeks to integrate different theoretical concepts to explain the mechanisms through which the social is incorporated into the individual, delimiting their health behavior and with it, their nutritional status. The structures that represent the social determinants of health would operate systematically differently on different social groups, generating positions that are more or less advantageous in the playing field of health. This pattern translates a reality embodied unconsciously and long-lasting through a habitus, favoring differing social practices that result in the construction of bodily classes as a biological expression of social inequality. Strategic decision-making in health will depend on individual capacities and freedoms, which are firstly restricted by those social contexts, being those understood as the structural causes of population health(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Body Mass Index , Nutritional Status , Health Transition , Social Determinants of Health , Life Style , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Obesity/epidemiology
3.
Podium (Pinar Río) ; 17(1)abr. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448855

ABSTRACT

Este artículo presenta una revisión crítica de algunos de los principales argumentos esgrimidos por detractores y defensores en el denominado debate sobre el boxeo. Se examinan las posturas planteadas por destacados representantes del activismo médico-legal a favor de la abolición total del boxeo y se confronta particularmente el mito de la naturaleza salvaje e irracional de dicho deporte. Se contrasta tal concepción con el abordaje etnográfico propuesto por Lois Wacquant y su mentor, Pierre Bourdieu, sobre la existencia de una racionalidad pugilística forjada en el habitus corporal del boxeador. Se recorren aspectos importantes del problema como es el hecho de que la Pedagogía, a través de la cual se enseña a boxear, dista de ser consciente, reflexiva, teorizadora e intelectualista (lo cual alimenta la apariencia de una supuesta ausencia de formación y cultivo de un saber que es eminentemente práctico). Asimismo, se muestra la dualidad de la argumentación médica al moverse sutilmente del plano epistémico al plano ético-moral y las implicaciones que tal opacidad arrastra. El objetivo del artículo no es cerrar la controversia en detrimento de las preocupaciones del sector médico-sanitario, sino mostrar la complejidad filosófica que le subyace.


Este artigo apresenta uma revisão crítica de alguns dos principais argumentos apresentados por adversários e apoiadores no chamado debate do boxe. Ela examina as posições apresentadas por destacados representantes do ativismo médico-legal em favor da abolição total do boxe e enfrenta em particular o mito da natureza selvagem e irracional do esporte. Esta concepção é contrastada com a abordagem etnográfica proposta por Lois Wacquant e seu mentor, Pierre Bourdieu, sobre a existência de uma racionalidade pugilística forjada no hábito corporal do boxeador. Aspectos importantes do problema são explorados, como o fato de que a pedagogia através da qual o boxe é ensinado está longe de ser consciente, reflexiva, teorizante e intelectual (o que alimenta a aparência de uma suposta ausência de treinamento e cultivo de um conhecimento que é eminentemente prático). Ela também mostra a dualidade da argumentação médica ao passar sutilmente do plano epistêmico para o plano ético-moral, e as implicações que tal opacidade implica. O objetivo do artigo não é fechar a controvérsia em detrimento das preocupações do setor médico-sanitário, mas mostrar a complexidade filosófica que lhe está subjacente.


This article presents a critical review of some of the main arguments put forward by detractors and defenders in the so-called boxing debate. It examines the positions put forward by prominent representatives of medico-legal activism in favor of the total abolition of boxing and particularly confronts the myth of the savage and irrational nature of the sport. This conception is contrasted with the ethnographic approach proposed by Lois Wacquant and his mentor, Pierre Bourdieu, on the existence of a pugilistic rationality forged in the boxer's bodily habitus. Important aspects of the problem are discussed, such as the fact that pedagogy, through which boxing is taught, is far from being conscious, reflective, theorizing and intellectualistic (which feeds the appearance of a supposed absence of training and cultivation of a knowledge that is eminently practical). It also shows the duality of medical argumentation by subtly moving from the epistemic plane to the ethical-moral plane and the implications that such opacity entails. The aim of the article is not to close the controversy to the detriment of the concerns of the medical-health sector, but to show the philosophical complexity that underlies it.

4.
Acta bioeth ; 27(2): 201-210, oct. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1383251

ABSTRACT

Resumen La presente es una síntesis de resultados de una investigación mayor, cuyo objetivo principal fue conocer las perspectivas de familias y equipo de salud respecto de la presencia de clowns de hospital trabajando en cuidados paliativos pediátricos en una unidad en Chile. Guiado por un paradigma interpretativo, estrictos criterios de calidad y éticos, la metodología utilizada fue de tipo cualitativo, aplicando las técnicas de recolección de datos de entrevistas en profundidad, análisis de documentos y grupos de discusión. La sección de datos sobre el equipo aquí presentados, se analizó a través de las técnicas análisis de contenido y análisis crítico del discurso. Los resultados indican que la figura del clown es percibida como un mediador y valorada como terapia complementaria, especialmente por las competencias socioemocionales de esos profesionales y el juego que se utiliza como herramienta de intervención. Las conclusiones señalan que las competencias socioemocionales que promueve el clown de hospital son fundamentales para el trabajo en cuidados paliativos.


Abstract This is a synthesis of results of a major research which main objective was to know the perspectives of families and the health team regarding the presence of hospital clowns working in pediatric palliative care in a unit in Chile. Guided by an interpretivist paradigm, strict quality and ethical criteria, the methodology used was qualitative, applying in-depth interviews, document analysis and discussion groups as data collection techniques. The data section presented here about the health team was analyzed through content analysis and critical discourse analysis techniques. The results indicate that the figure of the clown is perceived as a mediator, valued as complementary therapy, especially due to the socio-emotional competences of these professionals and play used as an intervention tool. The conclusions indicate that the socio-emotional competences promoted by the hospital clown are fundamental to work in palliative care.


Resumo A presente é uma síntese de resultados de uma investigação maior, cujo objetivo principal foi conhecer as perspectivas de famílias e equipe de saúde a respeito da presença de clowns de hospital trabalhando em cuidados paliativos pediátricos em uma unidade no Chile. Guiado por um paradigma interpretativo, critérios estritos de qualidade e éticos, a metodologia utilizada foi de tipo qualitativo, aplicando as técnicas de coleta de dados de entrevistas em profundidade, análise de documentos e grupos de discussão. Os dados sobre a equipe aqui apresentados, foram analisados através das técnicas de análise de conteúdo e análise crítica do discurso. Os resultados indicam que a figura do clown é percebida como um mediador e valorizada como terapia complementar, especialmente pelas capacidades sócio-emocionais desses profissionais e o jogo que se utiliza como ferramenta de intervenção. As conclusões apontam que as capacidades sócio-emocionais que promovem o clown de hospital são fundamentais para o trabalho em cuidados paliativos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Palliative Care/methods , Pediatrics/methods , Health Personnel/psychology , Laughter Therapy , Social Skills , Play and Playthings , Interviews as Topic , Qualitative Research , Hospitals
5.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-204416

ABSTRACT

Shprintzen-Goldberg (S-G) Syndrome known as rare congenital connective tissue disorder where craniosynostosis and marfanoid habitus found to be the usual presentation. Craniofacial dysmorphism with multi-organ involvement documented to be amongst prominent features of this syndrome. Case characteristics is five-month-old male infant with craniosynostosis, and motor developmental delay was evaluated for congenital connective tissue disorder. Dysmorphic craniofacial features like dolichocephaly, triangular forehead, ocular hypertelorism, micrognathia and retrognathia were noticed besides congenital umbilical hernia, empty scrotal sac, clinodactyly with long slender fingers, hyper-mobile joints, hypotonia. Subsequent investigations revealed normal male karyotype (46, XY) while genetic analysis depicted missense mutations in six different genes. Conventionally, mutation in SKI gene reported for its' associated with S-G syndrome where dysregulation of TGF-? signaling was discussed as the primary reason. In the present case discussed here, it was found to have polygenic mutational association where few novel genetic mutations were seen.

6.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 64(4): e20200097, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155999

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Stegana (Orthostegana) acutangula (Hendel) from Bolivia and Stegana (Steganina) triseta (Duda) from Costa Rica are redescribed based on type specimens, and their identities clarified. A single syntype male of the first species (type species of the subgenus Orthostegana) is designated as a lectotype and one male out of the four Costa Rican syntypes (3 males, 1 female) of the latter species was selected as a lectotype of the Steganina subgenus. The other three (2 males, 1 female) specimens were designated as paralectotypes. All four males were dissected and their terminalia were photomicrographed. The two male Stegana triseta paralectotypes proved to belong to two unknown species closely related to Stegana acutangula, described here as Stegana dudai sp. nov. and Stegana turrialba sp. nov., and another male specimen, collected at Parque Nacional Yasuní, provinces of Napo/Orellana, Ecuador, is described as Stegana yasuni sp. nov. Additionally, we have included photomicrographs of the habitus of the type specimens as well as of some nontype specimens from Peru and Costa Rica. Based on the descriptions herein we not only clarified the status of these five species but also propose including all of them in the subgenus Orthostegana.

7.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 64(3): e20200024, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137745

ABSTRACT

Abstract Two conspicuous Steganinae species, Stegana (Steganina) magnifica Hendel, 1913 from Amazonian Peru and Stegana (Ceratostylus) fumipennis (Enderlein, 1922) from southern Brazil, are redescribed based on holotypes, and their identities are clarified. Both species are exclusive to the Neotropical Region and the first, with a body length of about 5.5 mm, is the largest species of Stegana described so far in this region, while the latter displays a peculiar antenna bearing an unusual, forward-projected, comma-shaped flagellomere 1. The photomicrographs of the habitus and terminalia of each specimen are also provided.

8.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 63(2): 149-182, Apr.-June 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045552

ABSTRACT

Abstract Rhinoleucophenga pallidaHendel, 1917 (type species of the genus) is redescribed based on its female holotype and a male from a nearby locality, and Rhinoleucophenga obesa (Loew, 1872) on its two syntypes, which are designated as the male lectotype and a female paralectotype. Both are valid species. A proposal is made to establish the genus Pseudophortica Sturtevant, 1918 (type species R. obesa), a junior synonym of Rhinoleucophenga, to subgenus rank and include all species of Rhinoleucophenga described or redescribed from males except R. pallida, which is unique in having a remarkable pedunculate surstylus, among other differences. The North American R. obesa is compared to its closest sibling, the South American species Rhinoleucophenga gigantea (Thomson, 1869). The occurrence of R. obesa in Brazil is also questioned, as suggested long ago by Marshall R. Wheeler. The specimens from Brazil previously identified as such most probably belong to the new species described in the present paper as Rhinoleucophenga (Pseudophortica) cantareira sp. nov. (type locality: Parque Estadual da Cantareira, City of São Paulo, State of São Paulo, Brazil). Numerous photomicrographs of their habitus and male terminalia taken with a Smartphone's rear camera and digitally stacked to create images with greater depth of focus are provided.

9.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2019 Apr; 67(4): 559-561
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-197204

ABSTRACT

Corticosteroids are known to cause many ocular and systemic side effects when administered by oral or parenteral routes. Corticosteroid induced systemic toxicity secondary to topical steroid eye drops is rare. A 6-week-old, male infant was brought to our tertiary eye care center with bilateral congenital cataracts. The child underwent phacoaspiration with primary posterior capsulotomy without intraocular lens implantation in both eyes at an interval of 6 weeks. Child was initiated on topical betamethsone 0.1% eight times a day, tobramycin 0.3% six times a day, homatropine 2% twice a day, and carboxymethylcellulose 0.5% four times a day. Two and four weeks later he underwent surgical membranectomy in the right and left eye respectively followed by frequent use of topical steroids, initially given 1 hourly and then tapered weekly in the follow-up period. The patient showed increase in intraocular pressure and gain in body weight along with development of cushingoid habitus nearly 6 to 8 weeks after starting topical steroids. These side effects started weaning off following the reduction in dose of topical steroids, suggesting the role of the corticosteroid-related systemic side effects. This case highlights the serious systemic side effects secondary to increased frequency and duration of topical corticosteroid use in infancy. Hence, dosage of topical steroids should be adjusted in its therapeutic range to prevent their ocular and systemic side effects. Therefore, close monitoring is advocated for children using topical corticosteroids to prevent serious ocular and systemic side effects.

10.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2019. 214 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1007598

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho discute a prática corporal no contexto da promoção da saúde, por sua possibilidade em contribuir com a saúde ao aliar o corpo e a cultura. Parte-se do entendimento que as práticas corporais são abalizadas pelos determinantes sociais da saúde, contudo, o seu estímulo parece estar estritamente ligado ao discurso preventivo de doenças. O trabalho foi conduzido à luz da sociologia crítica de Bourdieu. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as práticas corporais e os seus determinantes sociais no campo da promoção da saúde. O estudo teve como cenário dois Centros Culturais do município de Belo Horizonte e as práticas corporais analisadas foram a capoeira regional e a dança. Participaram do estudo nove capoeiristas e nove dançarinos (as) /bailarinos (as). O trabalho de campo utilizou a técnica de mapa corporal narrado realizado junto aos participantes em, no mínimo, três encontros. Os roteiros semiestruturados partiram do contorno do corpo e desenredavam-se sobre as condições de saúde e vida dos participantes. Os produtos (imagens, narrativas e discursos) foram analisados sob a perspectiva sociológica. Foram atendidas as diretrizes e normas regulamentadoras das pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos (resolução 466/12). As categorias empíricas foram construídas em torno dos conceitos bourdieusianos de habitus, hexis corporal, dominação e capital social. Os resultados evidenciaram que as concepções de saúde presentes no interior das práticas corporais corroboram com a perspectiva biomédica e transitam entre os hábitos alimentares, a ingesta hídrica e as atividades físicas. Em contrapartida, as práticas promovem o despertar do corpo indicando novos caminhos para a hexis corporal dos agentes. A análise dos dados indicou que os corpos femininos possuem uma estética própria determinada socialmente pela dominação masculina. Evidenciou-se a manifestação das dificuldades cotidianas relacionadas às múltiplas jornadas das mulheres: doméstica, profissional. Emergiu entre os agentes o discurso sobre o racismo brasileiro, revelando a dupla determinação sobre o corpo negro, que além do preconceito distingue-se por sua classe social. Nesse sentido, as práticas corporais proporcionam o resgate da cultura afro-brasileira. Os Centros Culturais se mostraram espaços capazes de ampliar o capital cultural dos agentes. Nestes lugares, atua o corpo-cidadão. Conclui-se que a análise de práticas corporais no contexto da promoção da saúde exige um olhar atento aos determinantes sociais da saúde. A teoria de Bourdieu subsidiou a construção de um modelo analítico capaz de desvelar o corpo e as relações estruturais de gênero e raça. Os achados revelaram a singularidade dos corpos, mas também evidenciaram como as interpretações históricas compõem o habitus. O compartilhamento de saberes culturais entre os grupos promove a aceitação da historicidade negra na formação das corporalidades. Mesmo em cenários desfavoráveis, as práticas corporais (re) significam nos espaços da cidade intensificando as experiências do corpo.(AU)


The present work discusses body practice in the health promotion context, for its possibility to contribute to health uniting body and culture. There is an understanding that body practices are socially determined, however they are strictly stimulated by the disease preventive discourse. The work was conducted in the light of Bourdieu critical sociology. The aim of this study was to analyze the social determinants of body practices in the field of health promotion. The study took place at two cultural centers in the city of Belo Horizonte and the body practices analyzed were regional capoeira and dance. Nine capoeira players and nine dancers have participated in the study. The fieldwork used the body-map storytelling technique conducted with the participants through at least three meetings. The semi structured interview guides started with the body contour and unravel the participants social and life conditions. The products (images, narratives and discourses) were analyzed from a sociological perspective. Guidelines and standards regulating research involving human beings were addressed (466/12 resolution). The empirical categories were built under the bourdieusian concepts habitus, bodily hexis, domination and social capital. The results showed that health notions present in the body practices corroborate with the biomedical perspective and transits between eating habits, water consumption and physical activities. In contrast, the practices promote the awakening of the body indicating new ways for the bodily hexis of the agents. Data analysis indicated that the feminine bodies possess an aesthetic socially determined by masculine domination. It was evident the manifestation of the daily difficulties related to the multiple journeys of women: domestic and professional. It also emerge from the agents the Brazilian racism discourse, revealing the double determination on the black body, which in addition to prejudice is distinguished by its social class. In this sense, the body practices rescue the Afro-Brazilian culture. The Cultural Centers showed themselves spaces capable of enlarge the social capital of the agents. In these places acts the "citizen-body". It is conclude that the analysis of body practices in the health promotion context requires an attentive look at the social determinants of health. Bourdieu's theory contributed with the construction of an analytical model capable of unveiling the body and the structural relations of gender and race. The findings reveal the body singularities, but also evidence how the historical interpretations compose the habitus. The sharing of cultural knowledge between the groups promotes the acceptance of black historicity in the training of corporealities. Even in unfavorable scenarios, body practices (re) signify in the spaces of the city intensifying the experiences of the body.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Human Body , Dancing/psychology , Social Determinants of Health , Health Promotion , Health-Disease Process , Academic Dissertation
11.
Ribeirão Preto; s.n; 2018. 150 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1435443

ABSTRACT

A violência intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes é resultante de um processo social que se configura, em todas as suas formas, como grave problema que impacta o desenvolvimento e a saúde das vítimas. Sua ocorrência é associada a aspectos multifacetados e multideterminados, sendo agravada pela não notificação. Este estudo objetiva analisar o habitus de professoras e gestoras de escolas públicas frente à violência intrafamiliar vivida pelos alunos, que pode ou não se materializar na notificação dos casos identificados aos serviços e órgãos de defesa e da proteção da criança e do adolescente. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, desenvolvida por meio do método praxiológico bourdieusiano com ênfase no conceito de habitus e em seus componentes. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas com 18 professoras e gestoras de 6 escolas públicas de Ribeirão Preto-SP. Os resultados revelaram que as participantes provêm de famílias numerosas, com reduzido capital cultural, capital econômico e capital social. Demonstrou-se ainda que as professoras e gestoras tomam decisões em relação aos casos de violência intrafamiliar identificados. Entretanto, de modo recorrente, elas optam por soluções pontuais como conversar com os pais no interior da própria escola, registrar no livro de ocorrências ou, no caso das professoras, repassar a responsabilidade da notificação para a Direção. Apenas dois casos identificados foram compartilhados com o Conselho Tutelar. A não notificação, baseada nas relações de força de base material, aparece como uma regularidade do habitus, adquiridas precocemente pelas experiências familiares que, necessariamente, passaram a integrar e relacionar-se com o habitus das educadoras - disposições estas que, associadas a determinações do espaço social da escola e da comunidade, continuam orientando e condicionando a tomada de decisão em relação à efetivação da notificação. Em outras palavras, as educadoras acabam produzindo ações e, por sua vez, estratégias ajustadas às suas disposições enquanto pertencentes às classes dominadas e reafirmam essa materialidade na prática. Em geral, a não notificação ocorre pelo sentimento de medo, ou seja, um habitus estruturado desde a infância e reestruturado no espaço escolar. No entanto, é possível problematizar estratégias para a reestruturação do habitus das educadoras, aumentando o índice das notificações. Dessa forma, é possível romper com o ciclo da violência criando habitus de prevenção, promoção e combate às violações do direito da criança e do adolescente


Family violence against children and adolescents is the result of a social process that is configured, in all its forms, as a serious problem that has an impact on the development and health of victims. Its occurrence is associated with multifaceted and multidetermined aspects, being aggravated by non-notification. This study aims to analyze the habitus of teachers and administrators of public schools in the face of family violence experienced by students, which may or may not materialize in the notification of identified cases to the services and defense agencies and protection of children and adolescents. It is a qualitative research, developed through the bourdieusiano praxiological method with emphasis on the concept of habitus and its components. Data collection was done through interviews with 18 teachers and managers of 6 public schools in Ribeirão Preto-SP. The results revealed that the participants came from large families with low cultural, economic and social capital. It was demonstrated at the same time that the teachers and managers make decisions regarding the identified cases of family violence. However, on a recurring basis, they opt for specific solutions such as talking with parents inside the school, registering in the book of occurrences or, in the case of teachers, pass on the responsibility of notification to the Board. Only two identified cases were shared with the Guardianship Council. Non-notification, based on material-base force relationships, appears as a regularity of the habitus, acquired early by family experiences that necessarily began to integrate and relate to the habitus of educators - dispositions that, associated to determinations of the social space of the school and the community, continue to guide and condition the decision- making regarding the effectiveness of the notification. In other words, the educators end up producing actions and, in turn, strategies adjusted to their dispositions as belonging to the dominated classes and reaffirm this materiality in practice. In general, nonnotification occurs because of the fear feeling, that is, a habitus structured from childhood and restructured in the school space. However, it is possible to problematize strategies for the restructuring of the educators' habitus, increasing the rate of notifications. In this way, it is possible to break with the cycle of violence by creating habitus of prevention, promotion and combat to violations of the right of the child and the adolescent


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Schools , Students , Child Welfare , Domestic Violence , Mandatory Reporting , Counseling , Faculty
12.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 27(4): 1065-1085, Out.-Dez. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-895623

ABSTRACT

Resumo Neste ensaio, buscamos problematizar a categoria hábito alimentar tal como vem sendo empregada no campo da Alimentação e Nutrição, quando se trata de propor soluções para agravos à saúde associados a práticas alimentares. O esforço de colocar em exame a ideia de hábito alimentar está ligado à intenção de indicar suas (re)ligações com outros campos da ciência. No campo alimentar-nutricional, hábito alimentar corresponde, predominantemente, ao que se come com regularidade. Como uma categoria empírica, desprovida de conceituação ou problematização epistemológica, corresponde a uma expressão do senso comum na academia, naturalizada, estudada a partir de procedimentos caraterísticos do Pensamento simplificador explicado por Edgar Morin e para a qual não se identifica questionamentos mais substantivos sobre seus sentidos e significados no contexto cultural, social ou psíquico. Entre muitas possibilidades a ser exploradas, indica-se seguir com Pierre Bourdieu através do conceito habitus, como já sugerido por alguns autores e realizado também por outros como uma das vias que podem enriquecer análises. Considera-se que, ao operar com conceitos que possibilitam ter em conta a complexidade (como concebida por Morin) que marca os hábitos alimentares, o próprio campo da Alimentação e Nutrição poderá seguir mais fortalecido e mais autônomo na sua lida científica.


Abstract On this essay, we seek to discuss how the category food habit has been used in the Food and Nutrition field when it comes to propose solutions to health grievances associated with food practices. The effort to examine the idea of food habit is related to the intention of indicating its (re)connections to other science fields. In the Food and Nutrition field, eating habits mostly relates to what one eats regularly. As an empirical category, devoid of concepting or questioning epistemological issues, it is used as common knowledge phrase in academia, naturalized, studied through characteristic methods of Simple Thought, explained by Edgar Morin, and for which there are no substantial questioning concerning its meanings in cultural, social and psychical context. Among many possibilities yet to be explored, it is indicated to follow on with Pierre Bourdieu through the concept habitus, as suggested by some authors and done also by others as one of the paths that can enrich analyzes. It is considered that when operating with concepts that allow taking into account the complexity (as conceived by Morin) that embodies eating habits, the Food and Nutrition field itself can keep on more energized and more autonomy in its scientific read.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diet , Feeding Behavior , Habits , Sociology
13.
Rev. latinoam. cienc. soc. niñez juv ; 15(1): 327-343, ene. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-836180

ABSTRACT

Haciendo uso de bases de datos históricas del Proceso de Admisión a la Educación Superior en Chile, mediante un análisis estadístico inferencial y comparativo, este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar a estudiantes “Primera Generación” y sus elecciones profesionales, contrastándolo con el estudiante “Continuista”. Los principales hallazgos informan sobre la existencia de atributos y comportamientos diferenciales del estudiante “Primera Generación” respecto del alumno “Continuista”, dando cuenta de la persistencia de procesos de exclusión y segregación que se manifiestan en una elección profesional fuertemente condicionada por el habitus que reproduce desigualdades y limita las aspiraciones a un conjunto restringido de opciones. Este escenario pone en cuestión el real ejercicio de la opción vocacional así como la mayor democratización e inclusión de un sistema de educación superior masificado y diversificado.


Using historical databases that contain statistics on higher educationadmissions in Chile, this article uses an inferential and comparative statistical analysis to analyze“first generation” university students” and their career choices, contrasting with “continuousgeneration” students, whose parents and/or grandparents also went to university. The main findingsof this report the existence of differential attributes and behaviors of “first generation” studentscompared to the “continuous generation” students, demonstrating the persistence of exclusion andsegregation processes that manifest themselves in professional choices that are highly conditioned by the habitus that reproduces inequalities and limits aspirations to a restricted set of options. Thisscenario calls into question the actual exercise of making vocational choices and the increaseddemocratization and inclusion of a mass and diversified higher education system.


Usando bases de dados históricos de admissão ao ensino superior noChile por meio de uma análise estatística inferencial e comparativa, este artigo tem por objetivoanalisar os alunos de primeira geração e suas escolhas de carreira, contrastando com os alunosveteranos.As principais conclusões do relatório informam a existência de atributos e comportamentosdiferentes do estudante “Primeira Geração” em relação ao aluno veterano, percebendo a persistênciade processos de exclusão e segregação que se manifestam em uma escolha de profissionais altamentecondicionada pelo habitus que reproduz as desigualdades e aspirações limitadas a um conjuntorestrito de opções. Este cenário põe em questão o real exercício da escolha profissional assim comoda maior democratização e inclusão de um sistema de ensino superior massificado e diversificado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chile , Universities
14.
Ciênc. rural ; 47(6): e20151191, 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839850

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The universalization of the right to social security for rural producers and rural workers is a recent victory for Brazilian society. The implementation of this benefit began in the early 1990s. This article aimed to analyze the effects of rural social security on the lifestyle of families with retirees. The research was conducted in two small municipalities with agricultural economies from Zona da Mata Mineira region. The research used cross-sectional data collection procedures by applying a survey with open and closed-ended questions about consumption and living. The research sample was representative of the study population, comprising 117 rural elderly people, 64 from Piranga City and 53 from São Miguel do Anta City. Data obtained were categorized, analyzed and tested using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The survey results highlighted routine behavior and a predisposition to act based on a long term planning system, supported by the certainty of receiving the pension. Planned and long-term investments became a reality, including home improvement projects and acquisition of durable goods. Concerns about immediate family maintenance gave way to a perspective based on future planning.


RESUMO: A universalização do direito à previdência social rural para os produtores e trabalhadores rurais é uma conquista recente da sociedade brasileira. A implementação deste benefício se deu no início da década de noventa. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar os efeitos da previdência social rural no modo de vida das famílias com aposentados. A investigação foi realizada em dois pequenos municípios de economia agrícola da região da Zona da Mata Mineira. A pesquisa utilizou procedimentos cross-sectionais de coleta de dados, através da aplicação de um survey com perguntas abertas e fechadas voltadas para aspectos relativos ao consumo e à moradia. A amostra da pesquisa foi representativa da população estudada, tendo sido constituída por 117 idosos rurais: 64 do município de Piranga e 53 de São Miguel do Anta. Os dados foram categorizados, analisados e testados por meio do software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram uma rotina e uma predisposição para agir marcada pelo planejamento em relação ao tempo futuro, a qual se apoiava na segurança do recebimento mensal da aposentadoria. Investimentos planejados à longo prazo mostraram-se presentes nos projetos de reforma da casa e na compra de bens duráveis. A preocupação com as questões imediatas de sustento da família cedeu espaço para a perspectiva de planejamento futuro.

15.
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-876208

ABSTRACT

Investigamos a influência da distinta origem sociocultural de médicos cubanos inseridos no Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil e de pacientes brasileiros em questões relativas à abordagem alimentar e nutricional em serviços de Atenção Básica. Realizou-se estudo de caso com triangulação por meio de etnografia, grupos focais e entrevistas. Utilizou-se o referencial teórico elaborado por Pierre Bourdieu, em especial o conceito de habitus. Os resultados demonstraram que a orientação alimentar e nutricional realizada é influenciada predominantemente pelo paradigma biomédico, atenuando eventuais influências do habitus cultural de origem.(AU)


We aim to investigate the influence of different sociocultural origins in both Cuban physicians participating in More Doctors Project for Brazil and Brazilian patients' diet and nutrition approach in primary health care services. The case study was made using triangulation method, ethnography, focus groups and interviews. It was applied Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical approach, in particular, the habitus (i.e. social and cultural origin) concept. The results showed that the diet and nutrition guidelines are highly influenced by the biomedical paradigm, attenuating possible influences of the habitus.(AU)


Investigamos la influencia de la distinta origen sociocultural de los médicos cubanos inseridos en el Proyecto Más Médicos para Brasil y de los pacientes brasileños en cuestiones relativas al abordaje alimentar y nutricional en servicios de atención básica. Se ha realizado un estudio de caso con triangulación por medio de la etnografía, grupos focales y entrevistas. Se ha utilizado el referencial teórico elaborado por Pierre Bourdieu, en particular, el concepto del habitus. Los resultados demostraron que la orientación alimentar y nutricional realizada es influenciada predominantemente por el paradigma biomédico, lo que atenúa eventuales influencias del habitus cultural de origen.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Programs and Plans , Nutritional Support , Primary Health Care , Cuba , Foreign Medical Graduates , International Cooperation
16.
Saúde Soc ; 25(4): 837-846, out.-dez. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-962483

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este ensaio emprega o arcabouço teórico de Pierre Bourdieu, autor fundamental para a descrição da prática científica, como estratagema heurístico para se obter uma compreensão hermenêutica do significado da graduação em saúde coletiva no contexto do campo da saúde, e tentar explicar se a formação do neo-higienista consegue possibilitar que os alunos de graduação em saúde coletiva incorporem a illusio necessária - mas não suficiente - para se transformar a saúde no Brasil. Trata-se de um ensaio que discute como a forma como o pensamento social, por meio de disciplinas das ciências humanas e sociais, introduziu-se historicamente no campo da saúde. Nesse processo, comenta-se como essas disciplinas formam o fundo de pensamento comum da chamada saúde coletiva e assim passam a incorporar o habitus dos profissionais da área. Por fim, discutimos como a aceitação do pacto inicial dos profissionais com as regras do campo e das formas simbólicas de sua legitimação poderia ocorrer e como os novos graduandos em saúde coletiva passariam a aceitar as regras tácitas e implícitas de atuação nesse campo. Constata-se o fato de que a dominação simbólica da clínica continua aparentemente inabalada e a formação de alunos em uma área que deveria contestar essa unicidade de pensamento parece manter intacta essa hegemonia, a despeito dos objetivos confessos da criação dessa graduação.


Abstract This test employs the theoretical framework of Pierre Bourdieu, central author to the description of scientific practice as a heuristic artifice to obtain a hermeneutic understanding of the meaning of collective health undergraduate studies in the context of the field of health, and trying to explain if the formation of the neo-hygienist approach can enable undergraduates in collective health to incorporate the illusio necessary (but not sufficient) to transform health in Brazil. This is an essay that discusses how social thought, through courses of humanities and social sciences, was historically introduced in the field of health. In this process, we will discuss how these courses form the common thinking of the so-called collective health and therefore start to incorporate the habitus of the professionals in the field. Finally, we will discuss how the acceptance of the initial pact by professionals with the rules of the field and of the symbolic forms of their legitimacy could occur and how the recently graduated professionals in collective health would accept the unspoken and implied rules of acting in this field. We observed that the symbolic domination of the clinic is still apparently unshaken and that the training of students in an area that should challenge this oneness of thought seems to keep intact this hegemony, despite the avowed goals of creation of this undergraduate course.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Sciences , Public Health , Education , Health Human Resource Training
17.
Saúde Soc ; 25(2): 381-391, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-787838

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de investigar as relações entre o julgamento dos serviços de saúde pelos usuários e a sua posição no espaço social, foi realizado um estudo apoiado na sociologia de Bourdieu envolvendo dois grupos. Foram realizadas 22 entrevistas em profundidade com professores universitários e usuários de unidades de saúde. A posição no espaço social desses agentes foi caracterizada por meio da análise dos seus capitais e trajetória social. Identificou-se que a escolha dos médicos entre os agentes de maior capital global vinculava-se a critérios técnicos e simbólicos. Em contrapartida, entre agentes de classes populares, o acesso foi o principal critério. Analisou-se que a tomada de posição em relação ao serviço corresponde a um ajuste inconsciente das necessidades às possibilidades dos usuários. Discutem-se as implicações da distância social existente entre médicos e pacientes na escolha e julgamento dos serviços de saúde.


To investigate the relationship between the judgment of health care services by users and their position in the social space, we performed a study supported by the sociology of Bourdieu involving two groups. Twenty-two in-depth interviews were conducted with university professors and users of the health care system. The social position of these agents was characterized by analyzing their available capital and their social trajectory. We found that the choice of physicians by those users with greater global capital was linked to technical and symbolic criteria. In contrast, among agents of the popular classes, access was the main criterion. We analyzed that the stance taken regarding the service corresponds to an unconscious adjustment between needs and the possibilities available to users. We discussed the implications of a social distance between physicians and their patients in choosing and judging health care services.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Evaluation , Health Centers , Quality of Health Care , Physician-Patient Relations , Patient Satisfaction , Health Services , Choice Behavior , Medical Care , Judgment
18.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 32(4): 123-130, 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-982836

ABSTRACT

El Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos Clásico o Ehlers-Danlos tipo I - II, al igual que el Ehlers-Danlos Vascular son poco frecuentes, si se les compara con el tipo Hipermovible o tipo III, el que afecta al 39 por ciento de la población chilena. Es importante porque al tener marcada hiperlaxitud articular (contorsionistas) presenta subluxaciones importantes. Además, debido a la gran hiperextensibilidad de la piel, la que es muy frágil, tiene tendencia a heridas y a mala cicatrización. Al igual que los otros tipos de Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos, el Clásico puede tener Hábito Marfanoide o/y Disautonomía. Se puede presentar también con Osteopenia u Osteoporosis, hernias, várices, hemorroides y prolapso. Tiene herencia autosómica dominante y la alteración genética es conocida (COL5A1 o COL5A2).


The Classic Ehlers-Danlos or Ehlers Danlos type I - II, as the Vascular Ehlers-Danlos are infrequent, as compared with the Hypermobile or type III, that affects 39 percent of the chilean population. It is important because due to the marked joint hypermobility (contosionists) presents important subluxations. Also due to the important skin laxity, which is fragile it has tendency to injuries and poor cicatrization. As the other Ehlers-Danlos types, the Classic Ehlers-Danlos can present with Marfanoid habitus and or Dysautonomia. It also can have Osteopenia or Osteoporosis, hernias, varicose veins, hemorrhoids and prolapse. It has dominant Autosomic inheritance and the genetic alteration is known (COL5A1 or COL5A2).


Subject(s)
Humans , Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/diagnosis , Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Joint Instability , Marfan Syndrome , Primary Dysautonomias
19.
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research ; : 1-7, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-135131

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Obesity is associated with a number of medical comorbidities and is considered a risk factor for surgical complications. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of body habitus including obesity on the surgical outcomes of the Bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) robotic thyroidectomy (RoT) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. METHODS: The medical records of 456 PTC patients who underwent BABA RoT between January 2011 and December 2012 were reviewed, and 310 women PTC patients who had undergone BABA robotic total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection were examined. Body habitus were evaluated by measuring body mass index (BMI), body surface area, and neck circumference. We divided the patients into BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 groups. Clinicopathological data, surgical outcomes, and postoperative complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Clinicopathological characteristics did not differ between the 2 BMI groups. The creation of working space time (P = 0.210) and other surgical outcomes showed no significant differences between the groups. There were no statistically significant differences between body habitus indexes and postoperative length of hospital stay, number of retrieved central lymph nodes, postoperative thyroglobulin levels, occurrence of hypoparathyoidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and wound complication. CONCLUSION: Patient with large body habitus undergoing BABA RoT were not at an increased risk of surgical complications and showed good surgical outcomes. BABA RoT may be a good alternative operative method for PTC patients for whom cosmetic outcome is an important consideration.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Body Mass Index , Body Surface Area , Comorbidity , Length of Stay , Lymph Node Excision , Lymph Nodes , Medical Records , Methods , Neck , Obesity , Postoperative Complications , Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries , Risk Factors , Thyroglobulin , Thyroid Gland , Thyroid Neoplasms , Thyroidectomy , Wounds and Injuries
20.
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research ; : 1-7, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-135130

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Obesity is associated with a number of medical comorbidities and is considered a risk factor for surgical complications. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of body habitus including obesity on the surgical outcomes of the Bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) robotic thyroidectomy (RoT) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. METHODS: The medical records of 456 PTC patients who underwent BABA RoT between January 2011 and December 2012 were reviewed, and 310 women PTC patients who had undergone BABA robotic total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection were examined. Body habitus were evaluated by measuring body mass index (BMI), body surface area, and neck circumference. We divided the patients into BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 groups. Clinicopathological data, surgical outcomes, and postoperative complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Clinicopathological characteristics did not differ between the 2 BMI groups. The creation of working space time (P = 0.210) and other surgical outcomes showed no significant differences between the groups. There were no statistically significant differences between body habitus indexes and postoperative length of hospital stay, number of retrieved central lymph nodes, postoperative thyroglobulin levels, occurrence of hypoparathyoidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and wound complication. CONCLUSION: Patient with large body habitus undergoing BABA RoT were not at an increased risk of surgical complications and showed good surgical outcomes. BABA RoT may be a good alternative operative method for PTC patients for whom cosmetic outcome is an important consideration.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Body Mass Index , Body Surface Area , Comorbidity , Length of Stay , Lymph Node Excision , Lymph Nodes , Medical Records , Methods , Neck , Obesity , Postoperative Complications , Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries , Risk Factors , Thyroglobulin , Thyroid Gland , Thyroid Neoplasms , Thyroidectomy , Wounds and Injuries
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