Concepções de saúde, trabalho docente e o pró-saúde: nos caminhos da hermenêutica / Conceptions of health, teaching work and the pró-saúde: the paths of hermeneutics

O objetivo desta investigação é compreender as concepções de saúde que orientam o trabalho dos professores articuladores inseridos no Pró-Saúde. Os caminhos teórico-metodológicos foram perspectivados a partir de uma orientação hermenêutica. O trabalho de campo contou com as contribuições de oito professores do Pró-Saúde II da Unochapecó. O instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista semiestruturada. O processo interpretativo foi elaborado a partir da fundamentação hermenêutica de Gadamer e Habermas e embasado a partir da análise temática proposta por Minayo. As concepções de saúde identificadas estão fortemente vinculadas à noção de bem-estar. As referências com as quais os colaboradores trabalham no cotidiano são: documentos da Organização Mundial da Saúde, Carta de Ottawa, a Constituição Federal Brasileira e as políticas implementadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. As diretrizes orientadoras do Pró-Saúde, segundo os colaboradores, permitiram discutir com mais propriedade o conceito de saúde ampliada, o que favorece, em certa medida, a sistematização e a organização das intervenções docentes para a efetivação da formação inicial em saúde. Portanto, mais do que "definir" ou evidenciar uma ou algumas concepções de saúde, entendemos que o mais importante é manter em aberto a discussão sobre os "sentidos de saúde" com os quais vamos atuar junto com outros, em diferentes processos de intervenção.

This research aimed to understand the health concepts that guide the work of organizing teachers within the Pró-Saúde. The theoretical and methodological approaches were put in perspective from a hermeneutic orientation. Field work included contributions of eight teachers of the Pró-SaúdeII Unochapecó. The instrument used was one semi-structured interview. The interpretive process was prepared from the foundation of hermeneutics Gadamer and Habermas and grounded on the thematic analysis proposed by Minayo. Health concepts identified are strongly linked to welfare notion. References with which the employees work in daily life are: Documents of the World Health Organization, the Ottawa Charter, the Brazilian Federal Constitution and the policies implemented by the Health Ministry's directives of Pro-Health, according to the employees, allowed to discuss more properly the concept of extended health, which favors, to a certain extent, the systematization and organization of teaching interventions for the effectiveness of initial training in health. So more than "setting" or showing one or a few concepts of health, we understand that the most important is to keep open the discussion on the "health sense" with which we act with others in different intervention processes.

Concepciones culturales del VIH/Sida de jóvenes que son parte de grupos culturales juveniles de Guadalajara, México / HIV/AIDS cultural conceptions of youth people belong of cultural youth groups from Guadalajara, Mexico

El objetivo fue analizar las concepciones culturales del VIH/Sida de jóvenes que son parte de grupos culturales juveniles de Guadalajara, México. Se realizó un estudio antropológico cultural con 80 jóvenes seleccionados por muestreo propositivo. Se utilizaron las técnicas de listados libres y pile sort. Se aplicó análisis de consenso, conglomerados jerárquicos y escalas multidimensionales. Los jóvenes participantes coincidieron en conceptualizar al VIH/Sida como una enfermedad producida por un virus, que implica la muerte. Se asoció a la sexualidad, al contacto con grupos de riesgo (homosexuales y prostitutas), a la población en general (amigos, pareja, hijos, etc.), al uso de drogas inyectables y al contacto con sangre infectada. La principal forma de protección citada, fue el uso del condón durante las relaciones sexuales.

The goal was to analyze the HIV/Aids cultural conceptions of youth people belong of cultural youth groups from Guadalajara, Mexico. A cultural anthropological study was done, 80 participants were selected by purposeful sampling. Free association lists and pile sorts were utilized. Consensus analysis was performed and dimensional analysis through hierarchical clusters and multidimensional scales. The youths agreed a HIV/Aids concept like an illness caused by a virus, which conducted to the dead. It was associated to sexual practices, contact with risk groups (homosexuals and prostitutes) and general population (friends, partner, children, etc.), injecting drugs consumption and infected blood. The main protection cited was de condom use in sexual intercourse.

Trabalho e saúde sob a ótica de domésticas e pedreiros do município da Serra, ES / Perceptions of bricklayers and maids on health and work at Serra, ES

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar as relações entre trabalho e processo saúde-doença sob a ótica de trabalhadoras domésticas e trabalhadores da construção civil, adscritos a uma unidade de saúde da família do município da Serra, ES. Faz parte de pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa que utilizou Grupos Focais como técnica de coleta de dados e Análise do Discurso temática para tratamento dos dados. Para esses trabalhadores o trabalho é antes de tudo uma necessidade para a sobrevivência, interferindo sobremaneira no tempo de estudo e lazer. Dessa forma, tornam-se reféns dessas ocupações e se veem impedidos de ascender socioeconomicamente. Foram encontradas também expressões das relações sociais de gênero, em que as mulheres são sobrecarregadas pela dupla jornada de trabalho. Possuem uma visão ampliada de saúde articulando-a com as condições materiais de existência. Esta pesquisa dá visibilidade ao trabalho como um dos fatores determinantes do processo saúde-doença e aponta a necessidade de o sistema de saúde brasileiro incluir esse aspecto em sua formulação.

This paper aims to analyze the connections between labor and the health-disease process as experienced by maids and construction workers from a Family Health Unit based in Serra, ES. It is part of an exploratory, qualitative research that used focal group methodology for data collection, and thematic categories were emphasized through content analysis for data review. The studied groups of workers view labor as a basic need for survival, greatly affecting the study and leisure time; therefore, they become captives of these occupations and it [ultimately] determines their powerlessness for socioeconomic ascension. Expressions of social relations of gender, where women are burdened by the double workday were also described. These workers have a broader, pluralistic and holistic concept of health as they articulate it with material conditions of existence. This study reappraises the role of labor as one of the determinant factors of the health-disease process and also highlights the need for the Brazilian Health System to include this topic on its formulations.

Oral hygiene practices and habits among dental professionals in Chennai.

Aims and objectives : The present study was carried out to assess the oral hygiene practices and habits among practicing general dentists. Materials and Methods : The study was carried out in four dental schools with the help of a self administered questionnaire. The questionnaire covered dentists' oral self care, smoking habits, professional reading and oral health concepts. A total of 700 dentists responded, of which 457 were males. Recommended oral self care (ROSC) included tooth brushing one per day, eating sugary snacks daily or rarely and regularly using fluoride tooth paste. Results : The data obtained was then subjected to statistical analyses and evaluated using chi-square tests and logistic regressions.It was found that 55.9% of all respondents brushed twice a day, 59.4% consumed sugar containing snacks less than once daily and 55.1% of them used fluoride containing paste regularly while brushing. 81.1% of the 700 dentists never used tobacco products. In all, 19.6% 0f the practicing general dentists followed recommended oral self care. Conclusion : From the present study, it can be concluded that only 19.6% of south Indian dentists follow recommended oral self care and hence awareness programs and continuous dental education programs among dentists is essential to improve the present scenario and to increase the number of dental professionals following ROSC.

Traditional Concept of Health in Korea / 간호학회지

This study purports to review traditional health concepts of Korea by age, and to compare them to health concepts defined in western societies. Furthermore the study offers these results as the basis of construction for Korean nursing theory. Literature for the review were traditional health books published in Korea. These books are Euibangyoochui, Hyangyakjibsungbang, Dongeuibogam, Eiyangpyun, Dongeuisoosebowon, & Hwangjaenaekyung. In addition, articles that studied traditional literature or Korean medical history were reviewed when no publication of a primary source was available. In ancient Korean society, health was viewed as a 'good relationship or harmony with a supernatural subject', 'harmony of earth, water, fire, and air', and a 'long life with no illness'. The treatment aspect of medicine was emphasized in the middle-aged society. The health concepts in the pre-modern society included such concepts as 'jeongkhibojeon', 'adjustment to the nature', 'harmony between yang and yin', 'strengthening of jeongkhishin', 'circulation of owoonyookchi', 'kyungjok mind-body state' and 'jeongshimjeonghang'. Major health concepts in western literature were 'adaptation', 'role performance', 'actualization of human potential', 'adaptation and actualization of potential', and 'comfort'. Traditional health concepts of Korea focus on principles. They deliver abstract meanings, which make their measures uneasy. They believe in holism and unity with nature and especially emphasize the mental aspect. On the other hand, health concepts of western societies focus on phenomena. Their meanings are somewhat concrete, which make their measurements relatively easy. They see a person adapts positively to the environment as an independent being from the environment. These concepts have biopsychosocial aspects with no partial emphasis in the mental aspects. These traditional concepts of health were classified into two main perspectives. One is the unity of heaven & man, and the other is the unity of mind and body. The former perspective is based on the main concept of Chi. The latter has the main concept of ruling of the mind. The two main concepts discussed above need further examination for development of a nursing theory for Korean society. The application of circulation of Chi needs balance and harmony, and the application of ruling of mind needs temperance.