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Introdução: Na pandemia desencadeada pela COVID-19, o desenvolvimento progressivo de sintomas de ansiedade e a má qualidade do sono devem ser investigados em profissionais e estudantes da área da saúde para o adequado manejo. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de problemas de sono e sintomas ansiosos em profissionais e estudantes da saúde, e analisar o efeito de variáveis sociodemográficas-clínicas na ansiedade e sono dessa população.Metodologia: Neste estudo transversal de caráter quantitativo aplicou-se um formulário online a 3.337 profissionais e estudantes da saúde do Brasil participantes de um congresso virtual, contendo 51 perguntas subdivididas em três categorias: Perfil sociodemográfico-clínico, Escala de Sono de Jenkins e Inventário de Ansiedade de BECK.Resultados: Dentre os participantes, 81,4% eram estudantes da área da saúde e 12,8% profissionais de saúde. Os achados obtidos indicam que 41% dos participantes apresentaram problemas de sono muito frequentes e 46,6% sinais de ansiedade moderada a grave. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre as variáveis sociodemográficas-clínicas e os questionários validados de sono e ansiedade. Conclusão: Essa pesquisa identificou importante prevalência de problemasde sono e sintomas ansiosos em profissionais e estudantes da saúde, sendo primordial a identificação precoce dessas alterações para um manejo efetivo (AU).
Introduction: In the pandemic triggered by COVID-19, the progressive development of anxiety symptoms and poor sleep quality should be investigated in healthcare professionals and students for proper management.Objective: To identify the prevalence of sleep problems and anxious symptoms in healthcare professionals and students, and to analyze the effect of sociodemographic-clinical variables on anxiety and sleep in this population. Methodology: In this cross-sectional quantitative study, an online form was applied to 3,337 healthcare professionals and students from Brazil participating in a virtual congress, containing 51 questions subdivided into three categories: Sociodemographic-clinical profile, Jenkins Sleep Scale and BECK Anxiety Inventory.Results: Among the participants, 81.4% were healthcare students and 12.8% were healthcare professionals. The findings indicate that 41% of the participants had very frequent sleep problems and 46.6% showed signs of moderate to severe anxiety. There was a statistically significant association between the sociodemographic-clinical variables and the validated sleep and anxiety questionnaires. Conclusion:This study identified a high prevalence of sleep problems and anxiety symptoms among healthcare professionals and students, and early identification of these alterations is essential for effective management (AU).
Introducción: En la pandemia desencadenada por el COVID-19, el desarrollo progresivo de síntomas de ansiedad y la mala calidad del sueño deben ser investigados en profesionales y estudiantes de la salud para su adecuado manejo. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de problemas de sueño y síntomas ansiosos en profesionales y estudiantes de la salud, y analizar el efecto de las variables sociodemográficas-clínicas sobre la ansiedad y el sueño en esta población. Metodología:En este estudio transversal y cuantitativo, se aplicó un formulario línea 3.337 profesionales y estudiantes de la salud de Brasil que participaron en un congreso virtual, conteniendo 51 preguntas subdivididas en tres categorías: perfil sociodemográfico-clínico, Escala de Sueño de Jenkins e Inventario de Ansiedad de BECK. Resultados: Entre los participantes, 81,4% eran estudiantes de salud y 12,8% profesionales de la salud. Los resultados indican que el 41% de los participantes tenía problemas de sueño muy frecuentes y el 46,6% mostraba signos de ansiedad de moderada a grave. Hubo una asociación estadísticamentesignificativa entre las variables sociodemográficas-clínicas y los cuestionarios validados de sueño y ansiedad. Conclusión:Este estudio identificó una alta prevalencia de problemas de sueño y síntomas de ansiedad en profesionales de la salud y estudiantes, y la identificación precoz de estas alteraciones es esencial para un manejo eficaz (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Anxiety/psychology , Students, Health Occupations , Health Personnel , COVID-19/transmission , Sleep Quality , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Analysis of Variance , Affective Disorders, Psychotic , Social Determinants of HealthABSTRACT
Background: The pattern of new drug approval is changing across the world as shown by the study using Center for Drug Evaluation and Research and European Medicines Agency data in US and UK with more drug approval for anti-cancer and immunomodulator drugs. There is a need to generate similar database for developed South East Asian countries too. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted for one such country- Singapore for the new drug approval pattern of last 5 years (2017–2021). Materials and Methods: This was a pharmacoepidemiological study, in which government drug regulatory website data available in public domain was searched. The new drug approval data were classified according to active ingredient, drug approval date, new drug application category, indication of drugs, and World Health Organization Anatomic Thoracic Classification. Results: In this study, 418 new drug approvals were found in last 5 years in Singapore. From this maximum, drug approvals were given to anti-neoplastic and immunomodulator category drugs. In anti-neoplastic category new drugs approval few examples were Trastuzumab deruxtecan and Tucatinib for breast cancer therapy and Tepotinib and Capmatinib for non-small cell lung cancer therapy. Conclusion: This study shows that drug development in anti-cancer drug and immunomodulator is significant in Singapore. This trend is quite matching with other country such as US and UK.
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Currently, the public’s concern for health has unprecedentedly increased, while some institutions find it difficult to carry out health lectures. Overall, health lectures play an important role, but they face some practical challenges at the operational level, involving lecture objectives, public demands, communication methods, dissemination channels, and foothold methods. In the era of new media, health science popularization lectures are still an effective means of persuasion today, but traditional lecture methods need to be endowed with new connotations, and made shifts and adjustments. Health science popularization lectures should make the following shifts. First, the lecture objectives should turn to "extensive use", stepping out of the limitations of popular science knowledge, and promoting the public to proactively seek health knowledge and information. Second, the lecture content should turn to the integration of physical and mental, designing courses from the perspective of physical and mental, enhancing communication among people, and promoting trust between individuals. Third, the lecture effect should turn to enjoyment, breaking the prejudice against the lecture effect and taking the enjoyment and interest stimulation as the important goal of health science popularization. Fourth, the speaker should turn to "professionalization", establishing a team of professional health lecturers. At the operational level, it is necessary to strictly control the entry and exit of health lecturers to create a lecture brand, segment the audience to organize homogeneous audiences, tell good stories and enhance emotional narration, plan holistically and achieve full-media three-dimensional communication, and scientifically evaluate and emphasize long-term effects.
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Resumo A existência de uma cadeia de suprimentos local fortalecida é condição essencial para o acesso universal à saúde. Esse artigo permite avançar para uma agenda de políticas públicas para envolver todo o sistema produtivo da saúde, incluindo componentes estratégicos da cadeia produtiva para além dos insumos farmacêuticos ativos (IFA), sem os quais, o acesso universal e a soberania em saúde se tornam inviáveis, vulnerabilizando o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) brasileiro. Com essa perspectiva, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica qualitativa, com observação de campo entre informantes-chave da cadeia de suprimentos da produção de medicamentos do principal Laboratório Farmacêutico Oficial do país. O resultado mostrou que, assim como os insumos farmacêuticos ativos, existem outros itens estratégicos para a saúde na cadeia de suprimentos que se configuram em gargalos tecnológicos. Com isso, espera-se ter contribuído para a ampliação do debate sobre as vulnerabilidades em saúde, relacionando a estrutura produtiva e econômica ao acesso universal, contribuindo, em âmbito nacional e internacional, no estabelecimento de um elo teórico entre a economia, a produção local e os direitos sociais.
Abstract A strengthened local supply chain is an essential and highly relevant condition for universal access to health care. This article enables a movement towards a public policy agenda that involve the entire productive health system, including strategic components of the production chain beyond active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), without which universal health access and health sovereignty become unfeasible, leaving the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) vulnerable. Within this perspective, qualitative bibliographic research was conducted together with field observation among key informants of the drug production supply chain from Brazil's main Official Pharmaceutical Laboratory. Results showed that in addition to active pharmaceutical ingredients, other strategic health care items in the supply chain also constitute technological bottlenecks. These findings may contribute to expand the debate on health vulnerabilities, relating the productive and economic structure to universal access, thus establishing, nationally and internationally, a theoretical link between the economy, production local and social rights.
Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Services , National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy , Production of Products , Equipment and Supplies Utilization , Health Economic-Industrial ComplexABSTRACT
Resumo Realizar ações de extensão universitária em praias representa uma oportunidade inovadora para promover a saúde de pessoas com deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a compreensão dos usuários do Projeto Praia sem Barreiras (PSB) sobre as práticas de promoção da saúde desenvolvidas por estudantes de graduação em saúde. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, baseado nas entrevistas de dez usuários do PSB em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Realizou-se a análise temática de conteúdo ancorada no Developing Competencies and Profissional Standards for Health Promotion Capacity Building in Europe. Como resultado, emergiram seis categorias empíricas: dedicação dos estudantes atuantes no PSB; qualificação técnica dos estudantes no PSB; emoção durante o contato com o mar; melhorias na saúde mental; orientações dos usuários aos estudantes como futuros profissionais; e opiniões acerca do PSB. Evidenciou-se a qualificação dos estudantes como agentes de mudança na realidade local, na comunicação efetiva e nas parcerias estratégicas. Ações que transcendem as limitações corporais e levantam as necessidades de saúde dos participantes devem ser valorizadas durante a graduação.
Abstract Carrying out university extension actions on beaches represents an innovative opportunity to promote the health of people with disabilities or reduced mobility. This article aims to analyze the understanding of users of the Beach Without Barriers (PSB, Praia sem Barreiras) Project about the Health Promotion practices developed by undergraduate students in the health area. Qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, based on interviews with ten PSB users in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A thematic analysis of content was carried out anchored on Developing Competencies and Professional Standards for Health Promotion Capacity Building in Europe. Six empirical categories emerged: Dedication of students working in the PSB, Technical qualification of students in the PSB, Emotion during contact with the sea, Mental health improvement, User guidance to students as future professionals and Opinions about the PSB. The qualification of students as agents of change in the local reality, effective communication and strategic partnerships were demonstrated. Actions that transcend bodily limitations and assess the participants' health needs should be valued in undergraduate school.
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Compreender os significados de saúde permite acessarmos conhecimentos que demarcam não apenas a compreensão do fenômeno, mas as tomadas de decisões frente a esse entendimento. O desafio para refletir sobre este tema localiza-se também na importância simbólica que a saúde assume nas sociedades capitalistas, que a reconhecem como algo fácil de ser obtido com disciplina e esforço individual. Os efeitos dessa "regulação" condicionam as práticas educativas da EF escolar, estruturando entendimentos sobre o corpo e a saúde no contexto escolar, importantes de serem problematizados. Investigamos como o tema saúde é significado na cultura compartilhada por professores de Educação Física (EF) e estudantes do Ensino Médio de uma escola da Rede Estadual de Educação em Uruguaiana/RS. Para o trato teórico-metodológico utilizamos as lentes da etnografia crítica para compreender a realidade particular do contexto cultural da EF escolar a partir das relações didático-metodológicas entre estudantes e professores, adotando cuidados éticos. O trabalho de campo envolveu a observação, registros no diário de campo, entrevistas semiestruturadas, diálogos e análise documental, tendo a duração de 15 meses. A análise foi desenvolvida ao longo da pesquisa, respeitando a triangulação das informações e preservando os pressupostos de validez interpretativa. Os significados de saúde compartilhados na cultura de EF da escola Rio Uruguai estão ancorados num modelo biomédico de saúde, alinhados a uma lógica individualizante que não dialoga com a formação de uma juventude crítica.
Understanding the meanings of health allows us to access knowledge that demarcates not only the understanding of the phenomenon, but also decision-making in the face of this understanding. The challenge to reflect on this theme is also located in the symbolic importance that health assumes in capitalist societies, which recognize it as something easy to obtain with discipline and individual effort. The effects of this "regulation" condition the educational practices of school PE, structuring understandings about the body and health in the school context, which are important to be problematized. We investigate how the health theme is meaning in the culture shared by Physical Education (PE) teachers and high school students from a State Education Network school in Uruguaiana/RS. For the theoretical-methodological approach, we use the lenses of critical ethnography to understand the particular reality of the cultural context of school PE from the didactic-methodological relations between students and teachers, adopting ethical care. The field work involved observation, records in the field diary, semi-structured interviews, dialogues and document analysis, lasting 15 months. The analysis was developed throughout the research, respecting the triangulation of information and preserving the assumptions of interpretive validity. The meanings of health shared in PE culture at the Rio Uruguai school are anchored in a biomedical model of health, aligned with an individualizing logic that does not dialogue with the formation of critical youth.
Comprender los significados de la salud nos permite acceder a conocimientos que demarcan no solo la comprensión del fenómeno, sino también la toma de decisiones frente a esa comprensión. El desafío para reflexionar sobre este tema también se ubica en la importancia simbólica que asume la salud en las sociedades capitalistas, que la reconocen como algo fácil de obtener con disciplina y esfuerzo individual. Los efectos de esta "regulación" condicionan las prácticas educativas de la EF escolar, estructurando comprensiones sobre el cuerpo y la salud en el contexto escolar, que es importante ser problematizadas. Investigamos el significado del tema salud en la cultura compartida por profesores de Educación Física (EF) y estudiantes de secundaria de un colegio de la Red Educativa del Estado en Uruguaiana/RS. Para el abordaje teórico-metodológico, utilizamos las lentes de la etnografía crítica para comprender la realidad particular del contexto cultural de la EF escolar a partir de las relaciones didáctico-metodológicas entre alumnos y docentes, adoptando un cuidado ético. El trabajo de campo involucró observación, registros en el diario de campo, entrevistas semiestructuradas, diálogos y análisis de documentos, con una duración de 15 meses. El análisis se desarrolló a lo largo de la investigación, respetando la triangulación de la información y preservando los supuestos de validez interpretativa. Los significados de salud compartidos en la cultura de la EF en la escuela Río Uruguai están anclados en un modelo biomédico de salud, alineado con una lógica individualizadora que no dialoga con la formación de la juventud crítica.
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O texto traz reflexões sobre as crises do nosso tempo acentuadas pela pandemia do Covid19 - e suas interfaces com a Educação Física (EF) e a Saúde Coletiva (SC). A pandemia explicitou questões que estão, de forma direta ou indireta, envolvidas com o contínuo adoecimento coletivo e planetário e suas repercussões na vida em sociedade. Considerar a EF como campo científico fronteiriço entre as ciências humanas e sociais e as ciências biológicas e da saúde, e como movimento ideológico comprometido com a transformação social é fundamental nesse cenário. Pode-se aproveitar que as práticas corporais e atividades físicas se tornaram prioridade no conjunto de políticas e programas de promoção da saúde e desenvolvimento sustentável para resgatar sua natureza multidimensional vinculada à saúde e suas determinações sociais. Para tal, é importante problematizar a linguagem do risco do sedentarismo. A aproximação com a SC favorece tais movimentos.
The text brings reflections on the crises of our time - accentuated by the Covid19 pandemic - and its interfaces with Physical Education (EF) and Collective Health (SC). The pandemic made explicit issues that are, directly or indirectly, involved with the continuous collective and planetary illness and its repercussions on life in society. Considering EF as a scientific field bordering the human and social sciences and the biological and health sciences, and as an ideological movement committed to social transformation is fundamental in this scenario. One can take advantage of the fact that body practices and physical activities have become a priority in the set of policies and programs for health promotion and sustainable development to retrieve their multidimensional nature linked to health and its social determinations. To this end, it is important to problematize the risk language of sedentary lifestyle. The SC approach favors such movements.
El texto trae reflexiones sobre las crisis de nuestro tiempo, acentuadas por la pandemia de Covid19, y sus interfaces con la Educación Física (EF) y la Salud Colectiva (SC). La pandemia hizo explícitos temas que están, directa o indirectamente, involucrados con la continua enfermedad colectiva y planetaria y sus repercusiones en la vida en sociedad. Considerar a la EF como un campo científico fronterizo con las ciencias humanas y sociales y las ciencias biológicas y de la salud, y como un movimiento ideológico comprometido con la transformación social es fundamental en este escenario. Se puede aprovechar que las prácticas corporales y las actividades físicas se han convertido en una prioridad en el conjunto de políticas y programas de promoción de la salud y desarrollo sostenible para rescatar su carácter multidimensional vinculado a la salud y sus determinaciones sociales. Para ello, es importante problematizar el lenguaje de riesgo del sedentarismo. El enfoque de SC favorece tales movimientos.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A qualidade do sono é uma das queixas mais frequentes entre estudantes universitários. OBJETIVOS: Identificar a prevalência de má qualidade do sono e os fatores associados em acadêmicos da área da saúde de uma universidade do Centro-Oeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com uma amostra de 2171 universitários com média de idade de 22,7 (±3,9). O desfecho, sono de má qualidade, foi avaliado por meio da versão brasileira do questionário Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR). As variáveis independentes (demográficas, socioeconômicas e comportamentais) foram avaliadas por meio de um questionário padronizado. As análises multivariadas foram realizadas por meio de Regressão de Poisson, estimando-se as Razões de Prevalências (RP) ajustadas e seus respectivos Intervalos de Confiança de 95% (IC95%). RESULTADOS: A média do escore do PSQI-BR foi 7,0. A prevalência de má qualidade do sono foi de 63,5% (IC95% 61,4-65,5), sendo 60,3% nos homens e 64,8% nas mulheres. Após análise ajustada, auto percepção de saúde razoável/ruim esteve associada com má qualidade do sono em ambos os sexos. Além disso, para os homens, a prevalência de má qualidade do sono foi maior para os estudantes que fumavam; e foi menor para aqueles que consumiam adequadamente frutas, legumes e verduras e eram suficientemente ativos. Já para as mulheres, a prevalência de má qualidade do sono foi maior naquelas com 24 ou mais anos de idade, sem companheiro, que consumiam bebidas alcoólicas e que cursavam medicina. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se elevada prevalência do desfecho na amostra. Além disso, a má qualidade do sono ocorre de forma diferente entre homens e mulheres. Ressalva-se a importância do monitoramento da má qualidade do sono em estudantes universitários.
INTRODUCTION: Sleep quality is one of the most frequent complaints among college students. OBJETIVE: To identify the prevalence of poor sleep quality and associated factors in health care academics at a university in the Midwest of Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 2171 university students with a mean age of 22.7 (±3.9). The outcome, poor quality sleep, was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR) questionnaire. Independent variables (demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral) were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Multivariate analyzes were performed using Poisson Regression, estimating the adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PR) and their respective 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: The mean score of the PSQI-BR was 7.0. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 63.5% (95%CI 61.4-65.5), being 60.3% in men and 64.8% in women. After adjusted analysis, reasonable/poor self-rated health was associated with poor sleep quality in both sexes. Furthermore, for men, the prevalence of poor sleep quality was higher for students who smoked; and it was lower for those who adequately consumed fruits and vegetables and were sufficiently active. As for women, the prevalence of poor sleep quality was higher in those aged 24 or over, without a partner, who consumed alcoholic beverages and who were studying medicine. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of the outcome in the sample. Furthermore, poor sleep quality occurs differently between men and women. Thus, we emphasize the importance of monitoring poor sleep quality in college students.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Sleep Deprivation/epidemiology , Students, Health Occupations/psychology , Students, Health Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Universities , Brazil/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Resumo O texto contém uma proposta atualizada de política de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde no Brasil e a pertinência da atualização decorre do desastre nas atividades nesse terreno verificadas no país desde o início do atual governo federal em 2019, bem como dos desafios colocados pela emergência da pandemia COVID-19 desde 2020. Ele está organizado em cinco seções, a saber: Pesquisa em Saúde; Inovação Produtiva; Avaliação e Incorporação de Tecnologias em Saúde; Propriedade Intelectual em Saúde; Novos desafios colocados pela Pandemia. Os autores fazem parte do Comitê de Assessoramento em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação da Abrasco.
Abstract The text presents an updated proposal for a Health Science, Technology and Innovation Policy in Brazil, following the huge political turmoil in the country since 2019 and the COVID-19 pandemic since 2020. The proposal is presented in five sections: Scientific Research; Productive Innovation; Health Technology Assessment and Incorporation; Intellectual Property in Health; New challenges posed by the Pandemic. The authors take part in the Advisory Committee in Science, Technology and Innovation of the Brazilian Association of Collective Health.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Technology , Brazil , SARS-CoV-2 , Health PolicyABSTRACT
Introducción: La actualización y evaluación de libros de texto es esencial en el proceso educativo; sin embargo, en idioma español no se encuentran instrumentos para evaluarlos en el área de ciencias de la salud. Objetivo: Llevar a cabo la adaptación transcultural y validación de contenido del instrumento Texas Textbook Eva-luation Tool. Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con componente psicométrico. Se realizó la adaptación transcul-tural con traducción directa, síntesis de traducciones, traducción inversa, consolidación de traducciones en juicio de expertos y aplicación de una prueba piloto. Todo ello seguido del análisis de fiabilidad interobservador y la consistencia interna a través del alfa ordinal y el análisis factorial confirmatorio.Resultados: Se modificó un ítem que obtuvo un 36,66% de discrepancia. Se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0,98 y una kappa de Cohen de 0,91. Las pruebas de esfericidad de Barlett y Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin dieron como resulta-do 0,00 y 0,93, respectivamente. Así, se obtuvo en el análisis factorial confirmatorio que todas las variables se agrupan en las seis dimensiones propuestas. Conclusiones: Se realizó una apropiada implementación de los métodos. Los resultados obtenidos destacan la confianza e idoneidad del instrumento. El instrumento presenta una excelente consistencia interna, y se comprobó que mide las dimensiones para las que fue diseñado.
Introduction: The updating and evaluation of textbooks is essential in the educational process, however, in the Spanish language there are no instruments to evaluate them in Health Sciences. Objective: To make a cross-cultural adaptation and content validation of the Texas Textbook Evaluation Tool. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study with a psychometric component, cross-cultural adaptation is carried out with direct translation, translation synthesis, reverse translation, consolidation of trans-lations in expert judgment and pilot test application. Followed by inter-observer reliability analysis and internal consistency through ordinal alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: One item was modified that obtained a 36% discrepancy. An ordinal alpha of 0.98 and Cohen's Kappa index of 0.91 were obtained. The Bartlett and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sphericity tests resul-ted in 0.00 and 0.93 respectively, obtaining in the confirmatory factorial analysis that all the variables are grouped in the 6 proposed dimensions. Conclusions: An appropriate implementation of the methods, the results obtained highlight the con-fidence and suitability of the instrument. The instrument has excellent internal consistency, and it was verified that it measures the dimensions for which it was designed.
Introdução: A atualização dos livros de texto é essencial no processo educacional em Ciências da Saúde, mas no idioma espanhol não há instrumentos para sua avaliação. Objetivo: Adaptação transcultural e validação do instrumento Texas Textbook Evaluation Tool. Método: A tradução, retrotradução, teste piloto, confiabilidade, consistência interna e análise de fatores exploratórios foram abrangidos. Resultados: Um item foi modificado com uma discrepância de 36,66%. Foi obtido um coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,98 e o índice Kappa de Cohen de 0,91. Os testes de esfericidade de Barlett e Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin resultaram em 0,00 e 0,93 respetivamente. Conclusões: Os métodos foram implementados adequadamente, e os resultados obtidos destacam a confiança e adequação do instrumento
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Textbook , Validation Study , Education , Health SciencesABSTRACT
RESUMO A partir de referenciais do feminismo negro, da perspectiva interseccional e dos estudos étnicoraciais no Brasil, problematizam-se o racismo e o sexismo na academia brasileira com base na caracterização e análise da presença/ausência de professoras negras em programas de pós-graduação em ciências da saúde de duas universidades federais fluminenses, UFRJ e UFF. Utilizando informações de sites de 31 Programas de Pós-Graduação (PPG), reconstruíram-se quantitativamente os perfis de gênero e étnico-raciais por universidade e área de avaliação. Identificaram-se 23 professoras negras que ocupam 26 vagas docentes nos PPG analisados. Com base em informações da Plataforma Lattes, também se abordou longitudinalmente a dimensão de estudo. Os resultados assinalam que a presença de professoras negras é de 2% na UFRJ e de 6% na UFF; que ela é maior em áreas relativas aos cuidados e ínfima em áreas de maior prestígio científico e socioeconômico, como medicina. Constata-se o racismo como principal sistema de poder, operando no contexto institucional e disciplinar. Neste último, associado ao sexismo que determina as hierarquias de gênero nas áreas de saúde. Observa-se, também, que as desigualdades de raça se sobrepõem às de gênero no contexto desta pesquisa, confirmando as teses que apontam o epistemicídio dos saberes negros.
ABSTRACT Based on black feminism, intersectional perspective and Brazilian ethnic-racial studies, the paper problematized racism and sexism in the Brazilian academy. It characterizes and analyses the presence/ absence of black women professors in PhD programs in health sciences of two federal universities, UFRJ and UFF. Using information from the websites of 31 PhD programs, we reconstructed, quantitatively, the gender and ethnic-racial profiles of the PhD programs by university and evaluation area. Twentythree black women professors were identified in 26 teaching positions. Based on information from the Plataforma Lattes, we also addressed the study dimension longitudinally. The results indicate that the presence of black women professors is 2% at UFRJ and 6% at UFF. It is greater in areas related to care, and non-existent in areas of greater scientific and socio-economic prestige, such as Medicine. Racism is seen as the main power system, operating in the institutional and disciplinary context. In the latter, it is associated with sexism that determines gender hierarchies in health fields. It is also observed that race inequalities overlap with gender inequalities in the context of this research, confirming the theses that point to the epistemicide of black knowledge.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the timeliness of health science popularization during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） and its correlation with the epidemic situation and policies. MethodsThe original reports of health science popularization by 26 major media in Shanghai during the COVID19 outbreak between January 19 and March 25 of 2020 were retrieved， and the timeliness of the number of reports， media sources and categories， and contents were analyzed. ResultsDuring the epidemic of COVID-19， public media reported timely. Online media accounted for 63.35%， and text-based reports accounted for 85.90%. There was a correlation between the trend of the number of reports and the development of COVID-19 and the prevention and control policy issued by the government. After the change in the epidemic or the release of policy， the number of reports increased. The top four topics were personal protection， disease treatment， healthy lifestyle and psychological health， accounting for 18.62%， 18.54%， 12.96% and 11.74%， respectively. Reports focused on different aspects at different stages of COVID-19 epidemic， and the number of reports tended to increase one week after the occurrence of major events. ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 epidemic， the coverage of health science on media is timely and targeted. For future similar public health emergencies， it is suggested to respond quickly to major events according to the trend， to carry out publicity timely， to innovate the report forms， and thus make it easy for the public to accept and implement.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the timeliness of health science popularization during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） and its correlation with the epidemic situation and policies. MethodsThe original reports of health science popularization by 26 major media in Shanghai during the COVID19 outbreak between January 19 and March 25 of 2020 were retrieved， and the timeliness of the number of reports， media sources and categories， and contents were analyzed. ResultsDuring the epidemic of COVID-19， public media reported timely. Online media accounted for 63.35%， and text-based reports accounted for 85.90%. There was a correlation between the trend of the number of reports and the development of COVID-19 and the prevention and control policy issued by the government. After the change in the epidemic or the release of policy， the number of reports increased. The top four topics were personal protection， disease treatment， healthy lifestyle and psychological health， accounting for 18.62%， 18.54%， 12.96% and 11.74%， respectively. Reports focused on different aspects at different stages of COVID-19 epidemic， and the number of reports tended to increase one week after the occurrence of major events. ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 epidemic， the coverage of health science on media is timely and targeted. For future similar public health emergencies， it is suggested to respond quickly to major events according to the trend， to carry out publicity timely， to innovate the report forms， and thus make it easy for the public to accept and implement.
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Introducción: las dinámicas de atención en salud requieren que los profesionales que componen el equipo de salud trabajen en for-ma colaborativa. Sin embargo, durante su formación, las oportunidades de aprendizaje con otras disciplinas son escasas. Se reportan los resultados del primer proyecto para promover el aprendizaje interprofesional en los internos que rotan por el Hospital Josefina Martínez. Método: de marzo a julio 2018, se realizó un taller constituido por dos sesiones, en cada rotación de internado. Participaron internos de cinco carreras en forma conjunta (kinesiología, odontología, nutrición, fonoaudiología y terapia ocupacional). Se adaptó la encuesta de disposición al aprendizaje interprofesional, para ser aplicada antes y después de cada taller. Se calcularon las medianas, rangos intercuartílicos (Q1; Q3y se compararon los puntajes mediante test de Wilcoxon. Resultados: hubo una disposición positiva inicial al aprendizaje interprofesional, con mejoría significativa después de los talleres en todas las dimensiones de la encuesta: Trabajo en equipo y colaboración (<0,001), trabajo centrado en el paciente (<0,001), y sentido de identidad profesional (<0,05). La diferencia del puntaje global de la encuesta también fue significativa (<0,001). Conclusiones: se demostró un cambio favorable y significativo en las respuestas de los internos después de los talleres, en todas las dimensiones de la encuesta. En los comentarios, destacaron la relevancia de aprender con estudiantes de otras carreras, describiendo que aumentó su conocimiento sobre éstas y reforzando el impacto que dicha integración tiene en mejorar la atención y resolución de problemas en salud.
Background: The dynamics of health care require that the health professionals work collaboratively; however, during their training, learning opportunities with other disciplines are infrequent. The results of the first project to promote interprofessional learning in the clinical internship at Hospital Josefina Martínez are reported. Methods: From March to July 2018, two workshops for each internship rotation were carried. Students from fivecareers participated together (Kinesiology, Dentistry, Nutrition, Speech Therapy, and Occupa-tional Therapy). The readiness to interprofessional scale survey was adapted, to be applied before and after each workshop. Medians, interquartile range (Q1; Q3) were calculated, and the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the results. Results: There was an initial po-sitive readiness for interprofessional learning, with a significant improvement in all the dimensions of the survey, after the workshops: Teamwork and collaboration (<.001), patient-centered care (<.001), and sense of professional identity (<.05). The differences from the overall survey were also significant (<0.001). Conclusions: A favorable change was demonstrated in the responses of the students after the workshops, overalland in all the dimensions of the survey. In the comments, the students highlighted the relevance of learning with students from other careers, describing that it increased their knowledge about different professions and strengthening the impact that this integration has in improving attention and resolving health problems.
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Health Personnel , Workplace , Delivery of Health Care , Internship and Residency , Learning , Occupational Therapy , Kinesiology, Applied , Dentistry , Education , Nutritional Sciences , Speech, Language and Hearing SciencesABSTRACT
Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência do sentimento de angústia autorreferido e seus fatores relacionados, bem como a adesão ao isolamento social de universitários da área da saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, desenvolvido em uma universidade privada e filantrópica, localizada no município de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, com coleta de dados em junho 2020. Participaram 541 universitários (≥ 18 anos) da área da saúde, que responderam um formulário eletrônico para coletar as variáveis demográficas relacionadas à pandemia da COVID-19, sentimentos de angústia e preocupação. Realizaram-se análises bivariada e multivariada para avaliar as relações com o desfecho sentimento de angústia. Resultados: Do total dos universitários, 89,5% (n=489) disseram estar angustiados, 90,4% (n=489) eram favoráveis ao isolamento social e 93,5% (n=503) aderiram ao isolamento social como combate à COVID 19. Na análise multivariada, o sentimento de angústia relatado pelos universitários apresentou relação com a preocupação com o mundo (OR=4,099; p=0,000). Conclusão: O sentimento de angústia apresentado pelos universitários esteve relacionado ao sentimento de preocupação com o mundo e a serem predominantemente favoráveis ao isolamento social, e, por isso, aderiram a essa medida de enfrentamento do novo coronavírus.
Objective: To identify the prevalence of self-reported anguish and related factors, as well as adherence to social isolation among undergraduate healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a private and philanthropic university located in the municipality of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, with data collected in June 2020. Participants were 541 undergraduate healthcare students (≥ 18 years old) who completed an electronic form that collected demographic data relating to the COVID-19 pandemic and feelings of anguish and concern. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess any correlations with the outcome 'feeling of anguish'. Results: Of all the university students, 89.5% (n=489) reported feeling anguished, 90.4% (n=489) were in favor of social isolation and 93.5% (n=503) adhered to social isolation to fight COVID-19. In the multivariate analysis, the feeling of anguish reported by the university students was correlated with concern with the world (OR=4.099; p=0.000). Conclusion: The feeling of anguish reported by the university students was correlated with concern with the world and with being predominantly in favor of social isolation, and hence they adhered to this measure for fighting the new coronavirus.
Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia del sentimiento de angustia auto referido y sus factores relacionados así como la adhesión al aislamiento social de universitarios del área de la salud durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal desarrollado en una universidad privada y filantrópica localizada en el municipio de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil con la recogida de datos en junio de 2020. Participaron 541 universitarios (≥ 18 años) del área de la salud que han contestado un formulario electrónico para recoger datos de las variables demográficas relacionadas con la pandemia de la COVID-19, los sentimientos de angustia y la preocupación. Se realizó los análisis bivariado y multivariado para evaluar las relaciones con el desenlace sentimiento de angustia. Resultados: Del total de los universitarios, el 89,5% (n=489) relataron estar angustiados, el 90,4% (n=489) estaban de acuerdo al aislamiento social y el 93,5% (n=503) adhirieron al aislamiento social para combatir la COVID 19. En el análisis multivariado, el sentimiento de angustia relatado por los universitarios presentó relación con la preocupación con el mundo (OR=4,099; p=0,000). Conclusión: El sentimiento de angustia presentado por los universitarios se relacionó con el sentimiento de preocupación con el mundo y ellos estaban favorables al aislamiento social y, por ello, adhirieron a esa medida de afrontamiento contra el nuevo coronavirus.
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Social Isolation , Students, Health Occupations , Coronavirus InfectionsABSTRACT
@#The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of breast cancer among health science students in Shahrekord city, Iran. A cross- sectional study was conducted in 2017-2018 academic year among 334 health science students in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Data was collected using self-administered structured questionnaire. The total score for knowledge was 18. Any respondent who had more than 9 was considered as having good knowledge and below 9 as having poor knowledge. The total score for attitude was 7. Any score more than 4 was considered as good attitude and score less than 4 was considered as bad attitude. The mean age of the respondents was 21.21± 1.19 years. Most of the respondents aged 18 to 21 years. The knowledge level was significantly different by age group (P=0.002), department (P=0.000) and those who attended training course (P=0.000). Those who perform BSE (Breast Self-Examination) had higher knowledge score about breast cancer than those who do not perform BSE (P=0.000). The participants’ attitude was not significantly different by age group, department, family history of cancer and attending of training courses (p > 0.05). The breast self-examination practice was significantly different by age group (P=0.002), department (P=0.000) and those who attended training course (P=0.000). About half of the respondents had good knowledge on breast cancer. However, more than half of the participants had negative attitude towards breast cancer. For example, less than half of the respondents performed BSE and none of the respondents has performed CBE (Clinical Breast Examination) or mammogram before.
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Humans , Telemedicine/trends , Biomedical Technology/trends , Delivery of Health Care/trends , Brazil , Telemedicine/organization & administration , Community Participation , Biomedical Technology/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Inventions/trends , Stakeholder Participation , GovernmentABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: la promoción de la salud permite poner en práctica fundamentos teóricos que pueden mejorar las conductas en salud de la población, para lo cual es necesario desarrollar un estilo de vida promotor de salud. Un enfoque positivo para generar salud en los adultos jóvenes es promover el enfoque salutogénico al incentivar el uso de recursos con los cuales cuenta la persona y desarrollar un sentido de coherencia. El objetivo del presente artículo es identificar el estilo de vida promotor de salud y su relación con el sentido de coherencia en adultos jóvenes universitarios en Sonora, México. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, correlacional en 300 estudiantes de carreras de pregrado. Previo consentimiento informado se aplicó cédula de datos sociodemográficos, el Cuestionario Estilo de Vida II y la Escala Sentido de Coherencia-13. Resultados: los adultos jóvenes mostraron estilo de vida promotor de salud general suficiente (51.0%), mayor incidencia en mujeres (52.1%). Los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud (55.2%) tuvieron un estilo de vida promotor de salud insuficiente, hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa por carrera. El sentido de coherencia general fue alto (52.0%), predominó en hombres (58.0%) y estudiantes de ciencias de la salud (57.2%), no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa según sexo y carreras. Se evidenció que un estilo de vida promotor de salud suficiente promueve el desarrollo de un sentido de coherencia alto. Conclusiones: es imprescindible establecer programas para el desarrollo de habilidades para la vida al asegurar mejor salud y bienestar de las futuras generaciones de adultos jóvenes al promover el desarrollo del sentido de coherencia.
Abstract Objective: Promotion of health allows to put into practice theoretical foundations that can improve health behaviors of the population, for which it is necessary to develop a health promoting lifestyle. A positive approach to generate health in young adults is to promote the salutogenic approach to health by encouraging the use of resources the person has and developing a sense of coherence. The main objective of this paper is to identify a health promoting lifestyle and its relationship with the sense of coherence in young adult university students in Sonora, Mexico. Materials and methods: descriptive, correlational study with 300 undergraduate students. Prior informed consent, a sociodemographic data card, the Life Style Questionnaire II and the Sense of Coherence-13 Scale were applied. Results: young adults showed enough general health promoting lifestyle (51.0%), with a higher incidence in women (52.1%). Health sciences students (55.2%) obtained an insufficient health promoting lifestyle and there was statistically significant difference by career. The general sense of coherence was high (52.0%), being predominant in men (58.0%) and in health sciences students (57.2%); there was no statistically significant difference according to gender and careers. It was evidenced that a sufficient health promoting lifestyle fosters the development of a high sense of coherence. Conclusions: it is essential to establish programs for the development of life skills to ensure better health and well-being of future generations of young adults by promoting the development of a sense of coherence.
Resumo Objetivo: a promoção da saúde permite pôr em prática fundamentos teóricos que podem melhorar as condutas em Saúde da população, para o qual é necessário desenvolver um estilo de vida para melhorar a saúde. Um enfoque positivo para gerar saúde nos adultos jovens é promover o enfoque salutogênese ao incentivar o uso de recursos com os quais conta a pessoa e desenvolver um sentido de coerência. O objetivo do presente artigo é identificar o estilo de vida promotor de Saúde e sua relação com o sentido de coerência em adultos jovens universitários em Sonora, México. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, correlacional em 300 estudantes de carreiras universitárias. Prévio consentimento informado se aplicou cédula de dados sócio demográficos, o Questionário Estilo de Vida II e a Escada Sentido de Coerencia-13. Resultados: os adultos jovens amostraram estilo de vida promotor de saúde geral suficiente (51.0%), maior incidência em mulheres (52.1%). Os estudantes de ciências da saúde (55.2%) tiveram um estilo de vida promotor de saúde insuficiente, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa por corrida. O sentido de coerência geral foi ato (52.0%), predominou em homens (58.0%) e estudantes de ciências da saúde (57.2%), não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa segundo sexo e carreiras. Evidenciou-se que um estilo de vida promotor de saúde suficiente promove o desenvolvimento dum sentido de coerência alto. Conclusões: é imprescindível estabelecer programas para o desenvolvimento de habilidades para a vida ao assegurar melhor saúde e bem-estar das futuras gerações de adultos jovens ao promover o desenvolvimento do sentido de coerência.