ABSTRACT
Polysaccharides exhibit multiple pharmacological activities which are closely related to their structural features.Therefore,quantitatively quality control of polysaccharides based on their chemical charac-teristics is important for their application in biomedical and functional food sciences.However,poly-saccharides are mixed macromolecular compounds that are difficult to isolate and lack standards,making them challenging to quantify directly.In this study,we proposed an improved saccharide mapping method based on the release of specific oligosaccharides for the assessment of Hericium eri-naceus polysaccharides from laboratory cultured and different regions of China.Briefly,a polysaccharide from H.erinaceus was digested by β-(1-3)-glucanase,and the released specific oligosaccharides were labeled with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic-acid(APTS)and separated by using micellar electrokinetic chromatography(MEKC)coupled with laser induced fluorescence(LIF),and quantitatively estimated.MEKC presented higher resolution compared to polysaccharide analysis using carbohydrate gel elec-trophoresis(PACE),and provided great peak capacity between oligosaccharides with polymerization degree of 2(DP2)and polymerization degree of 6(DP6)in a dextran ladder separation.The results of high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector(HPSEC-MALLS-RI)showed that 12 h was sufficient for complete digestion of polysaccharides from H.erinaceus.Laminaritriose(DP3)was used as an internal standard for quantifi-cation of all the oligosaccharides.The calibration curve for DP3 showed a good linear regression(R2＞0.9988).The limit of detection(LOD)and limit of quantification(LOQ)values were 0.05 μg/mL and 0.2 μg/mL,respectively.The recovery for DP3 was 87.32(±0.03)％in the three independent injections.To sum up,this proposed method is helpful for improving the quality control of polysaccharides from H.erinaceus as well as other materials.
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OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide on the content of short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs） in the intestine of ulcerative colitis model rats. METHODS： A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group and H. erinaceus polysaccharide low-dose and high-dose groups （0.5， 1.0 g/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for blank group， other groups were given acetic acid enema to induce ulcerative colitis model. The next day after modeling， H. erinaceus polysaccharide groups were given relevant medicine solution intragastrically； blank group and model group were given relevant volume of water intragastrically， for 10 consecutive days. Colon tissue was collected， and pathological changes of colon tissue were observed by HE staining. The pathological changes of colon in rats were observed with naked eyes and scored so as to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. The contents of 6 kinds of SCFAs （acetic acid，propionic acid，butyric acid，isobutyric acid，pentanoic acid and isovaleric acid） in intestine of rats were determined by GC-MS. RESULTS： Compared with blank group， inflammatory lesions of colonic mucosal epithelium in model group rats were obvious； colonic mucosal ulcer score increased significantly （P＜0.01）； the contents of 5 kinds of SCFAs and the total amount of SCFAs in colon except for propionic acid were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， the degree of colonic histopathological damage in H. erinaceus polysaccharide groups was significantly reduced； colonic mucosal ulcer scores were significantly reduced （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the contents of 5 kinds of SCFAs and the total amount of SCFAs in colon except for propionic acid were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： H. erinaceus polysaccharide can effectively improve the pathological condition of ulcerative colitis model rats； its regulation of intestinal SCFAs （especially acetic acid and butyric acid） may be an important mechanism of its anti-ulcerative colitis.
ABSTRACT
Hericium erinaceus (H.erinaceus) is one of the widely used edible mushrooms around the world,primarily in Asian countries.H.erinaceus is used in traditional medicines,and mushroom based foods.The fruiting body and mycelia of H.erinaceus are extracted using the solvents,and several bioactive compounds were identified.Several studies have reported that those bioactive compounds exhibit many health benefits such as hemagglutinating,antimicrobial,immunomodulatory,anfitumor,antioxidant,and anti-aging activities,etc.This manuscript consciously updated the information about the composition of H.erinaceus,H.erinaceus based foods,and anti-hyperglycemic property of H.erinaceus.
ABSTRACT
Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus) is one of the widely used edible mushrooms around the world, primarily in Asian countries. H. erinaceus is used in traditional medicines, and mushroom based foods. The fruiting body and mycelia of H. erinaceus are extracted using the solvents, and several bioactive compounds were identified. Several studies have reported that those bioactive compounds exhibit many health benefits such as hemagglutinating, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities, etc. This manuscript consciously updated the information about the composition of H. erinaceus, H. erinaceus based foods, and anti-hyperglycemic property of H. erinaceus.
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OBJECTIVE: To establish a quantitative method of determining the contents of 15 kinds of free amino acids in the Hericium erinaceus mycelium. METHODS: The HPLC analysis was performed after derivatization by using phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) as a derivative reagent. The chromatographic column was Ultimate Amino Acid(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase A was acetonitrile-water (80∶20), and mobile phase B was sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.5). Gradient elution was performed at the flow rate of 1.0 mLmin-1. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm, and the column temperature was maintained at 40℃. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients of 15 kinds of free amino acids ranged from 0.999 7 to 0.999 9. The average recovery rate (n=6) was between 96.83%-98.60%, and the RSD was between 0.67%-2.67%. CONCLUSION: This method is simple, accurate and can be used to determine the contents of 15 kinds of free amino acids in the Hericium erinaceus mycelium.
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Objective:To confirm the relative humidity conditions of preparation of Hericium Erinaceus and Lumbricus ( HD) bio-transformation and the longest operation time under the conditions through the study on hygroscopicity of dry extract powder. Methods:The solution was prepared respectively in the environment with various humidity, and the moisture absorption rate and critical relative humidity ( CRH) of dry extract powder of HD biotransformation were measured, and then the mathematical model was built and the curves of moisture percentage vs relative humidity was drawn. The parameters of moisture absorption rate, and the relative humidity and operation time with the moisture percentage up to 5% were calculated. The analytic geometry and linear regression method were used to calculate CRH, so as to determine the air humidity control range and the conditions for the production and storage process. Results:The moisture absorption of HD dry extract powder could reach 5% when exposed to the air respectively with the relative humidity of 66. 0%, 80. 8%, 88. 2% and 99. 0% for 7. 088, 3. 953, 2. 892 and 0. 661 h. When the moisture percentage reached 5%, the rela-tive humidity and the shortest time was 50. 84% and 9. 937 h, respectively. The CRH of the dry extract powder of HD biotransforma-tion was 68. 12%. Conclusion:When the dry extract powder of HD biotransformation is under preparation, the relative humidity of en-vironment should be controlled below 50. 84% with the operation time shorter than 9. 937 h, or the relative humidity is controlled below 68. 12% with the operation time shorter than 6. 810 h. Under the above conditions, the moisture absorption rate of HD dry extract pow-der can be controlled below 5%, which does not affect the preparation.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the ability of aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceus mushroom in the treatment of nerve injury following peroneal nerve crush in Sprague-Dawley rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceus was given by daily oral administration following peroneal nerve crush injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. The expression of protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways; and c-Jun and c-Fos genes were studied in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) whereas the activity of protein synthesis was assessed in peroneal nerves by immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Peripheral nerve injury leads to changes at the axonal site of injury and remotely located DRG containing cell bodies of sensory afferent neurons. Immunofluorescence studies showed that DRG neurons ipsilateral to the crush injury in rats of treated groups expressed higher immunoreactivities for Akt, MAPK, c-Jun and c-Fos as compared with negative control group (P <0.05). The intensity of nuclear ribonucleoprotein in the distal segments of crushed nerves of treated groups was significantly higher than in the negative control group (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>H. erinaceus is capable of promoting peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. Potential signaling pathways include Akt, MAPK, c-Jun, and c-Fos, and protein synthesis have been shown to be involved in its action.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Agaricales , Chemistry , Axons , Pathology , Ganglia, Spinal , Metabolism , Glucans , MAP Kinase Signaling System , Nerve Crush , Nerve Regeneration , Physiology , Peripheral Nerves , Physiology , Peroneal Nerve , Physiology , Protein Biosynthesis , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos , Genetics , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun , Genetics , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Vegetative growth of four different strains of Hericium erinaceus was observed. The temperature suitable for optimal mycelial growth was determined to be 25degrees C, with growth observed in the extend temperature range of 20~30degrees C. The different strains of this mushroom showed distinct pH requirements for their optimum vegetative growth, with the most favorable growth observed at pH 6. Considering vegetative mycelial growth, PDA, YM, Hennerberg, Hamada, and Glucose peptone were the most favorable media, and Czapek Dox, Hoppkins, Glucose tryptone, and Lilly were the most unfavorable media for these mushroom strains. With the exception of lactose, most of the carbon sources assayed demonstrated favorable vegetative growth of H. erinaceus. For mycelial growth, the most suitable nitrogen source was alanine and the most unsuitable was histidine. Oak sawdust medium supplemented with 10~20% rice bran was the best for mycelial growth of the mushroom.
Subject(s)
Agaricales , Alanine , Carbon , Culture Media , Ecosystem , Glucose , Histidine , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lactose , Nitrogen , PeptonesABSTRACT
AIM: To assay fatty acids in Hericium Erinaceus polysaccharide by GC for establishing a method for quantitative determination of fatty acids. METHODS: The kinds of fatty acids were detected by GC-MS. The fatty acids contents were determined by GC: The sample was dissolved in sulphuric acid-methanol (1∶20) containing 0.5 mg heptadecanoic acid methyl ester and kept at 80?C for 3 hr. Then, the solution was extracted by hexamethylene four times and diluted to 1 mL. The extraction (0.4 ?L) was injected on a DB-1 column, using nitrogen as the carrier gas. The temperature was raised from 60?C to 200?C at the rate of 10?C?min -1 , and subsequently sustained for 30 min. The injection port and detector temperature were both at 250?C. RESULTS: The fatty acids were separated completely. The linear ranges were 0.4-3.6 mg?mL -1 . RSD97%. CONCLUSION: The fatty acids can be determined accurately by this method.