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Utilization of plant resources for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections is one of the appealing approaches as rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains is occurring throughout the world. Ethanol extract and its fractions from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis red flower were assessed for antibacterial and urease inhibitory activities towards forty-three clinical strains and two reference strains of H. pylori. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most potent bacteriostatic activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.2-0.25 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of 1.25-1.5 mg/mL against all test strains, including forty-three strains resistant to one to four antibiotics, azithromycin (MICs, 8-256 µg/mL), erythromycin (MICs, 8-128 µg/mL), levofloxacin (MICs, 8-256 µg/mL), and/or metronidazole (MICs, 8-256 µg/mL). The fraction had similar antibacterial activities toward these test strains suggesting the preparation and the antibiotics do not have a common mechanism of anti-H. pylori activity. The fraction also had stronger effects on biofilm formation, morphological conversion, and urease activity of H. pylori than the other fractions and the ethanol extract. These flower preparations were non-toxic to three human cell lines, and nine compounds were also isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate fraction. In vivo research needs to be conducted to confirm the potential usefulness of H. rosa-sinensis flower and its constituents for effective prevention and treatment of H. pylori disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy , Rosa , Hibiscus , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Flowers , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Metals can be leached either directly (physical contact between microorganisms and solid material) or indirectly. The removal of metals from these industrial wastes brings out detoxification of the residues and thus improves the quality of the environment. The waste foundry sand was analyzed for the presence of toxic metals, as the plant uptakes these toxic metals through their food chain which in turn may be harmful to the human beings. In this study Hibiscus was grown on sand blends containing 50% of waste foundry sand (WFS) to assess the availability of Sio2, Al, Ca, Mg, Pb, Cu and Zn. The chemical properties of treated and untreated waste foundry sand were observed. The analysis shows the level of untreated WFS Fe (76.36%), Ca (43.65%) and K (37.49%). Actinomyces sp. was isolated and identified from WFS and was used to bioleach the sand (treated) and was observed to reduce the level of metals present in WFS [Fe (26.54%), Ca (27.67%) and K(5.84%)] and untreated foundry sand had metal levels of [Fe(49.82%), Ca (15.98%) and K(31.65%)]. The treated and untreated sand was later used for growing Hibiscus plant sapling under controlled conditions and was analyzed for the traces of metals absorbed by the plant. The presence of metals was calculated by Atomic Emission Spectroscopy technique that can determine the concentration of trace to major elements. Our observations provide a supportive document on bioleaching of WFS by Actinomyces sp. was adequate in the growth of ornamental plant Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.
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Objective To evaluate three flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (H. rosa-sinensis), Quisqualis indica (Q. indica) and Senna surattensis (S. surattensis) for their antioxidant activity by different methods in addition to total phenolic, flavonoid and pigment contents. Methods Antioxidant activity of water, ethanol and absolute ethanol extracts of three flowers; H. rosa-sinensis, Q. indica and S. surattensis was evaluated. The antioxidant activity was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity, ferrous chelating activity, reducing power, nitric oxide scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity as well as total antioxidant capacity. Total flavonoids, total phenols and total pigments including chlorophylls and carotenoids were measured for the three flowers. Results The results showed that the highest total antioxidant capacity at concentration of 500 mg/L was found in S. surattensis as 0.479 ± 0.001. Scavenging activity of H. rosa-sinensis, Q. indica and S. surattensis flower extracts against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical showed the highest activity of (90.20 ± 0.29)% with 500 mg/L. Phytochemical screening of the three flowers extracts were carried out for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, glycosides, terpenoids, amino acid and mucilages. H. rosa-sinensis showed the total phenolic in water extract of (235.77 ± 14.31) mg/100 g, the other two flowers Q. indica and S. surattensis had the total phenolic in ethanol extracts of (937.70 ± 25.06) and (850.30 ± 13.81) mg/100 g, respectively. On the other hand total flavonoids were identified in absolute ethanol extracts in the three flowers [(32.83 ± 1.34), (49.24 ± 4.87) and (2.79 ± 0.23) mg/100 g, respectively]. Conclusions The extracts in the constituents of the three flowers could be used as additives as supplement fractions in foods.
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Aim To test the skin healing and repairing efficacy and the mechanism of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L bud extract by using the animal models. Methods KM mice were randomly divided into three groups:the model group, the positive control group, and the n-bu-tyl alcohol extract ( HrBN) group. Using the boils and carbuncles model, the healing condition of all the animals were observed. KM mice were kept in the SPF condition room and divided into five groups: the model group, the positive control group, and the low, middle, high dose groups. Using the full-thickness loss model, the repairing results of all the mice were ob-served. Through the antimicrobial test, the results of MIC and inhibition zone were obtained. The carbon clearance test was used to collect the blood at the time 5min and 15min, and get the liver and spleen, and the results of K andαwere obtained. Results In vivo ex-periments showed there was significant difference be-tween groups;the HrBN extract had the outstanding ef-ficacy in healing and repairing skin boils and full-thickness loss models. It had higher recovery rate than other ethanol extract, such as ethyl acetate extract and chloroform extract. In vitro experiments showed that the HrBN extract, ethyl acetate extract ( HrBE) ,AB-8 macroporous resin 30% alcohol part and 60% alcohol part had obvious antimicrobial efficacy. The carbon clearance test showed HrBN had a good effect in im-proving immune function, and it can increase the K and α. Conclusion HrBN in animal models exerts good skin healing and repairing efficacy, which might be related to its antibacterial activity and immunologic enhancement function.
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Hibiscus rosa-sinensis e o Hibiscus syriacus são considerados flores comestíveis e estudos demonstram seu potencial antibacteriano frente a diversos micro-organismos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisara Intensidade de Atividade de Inibição (IINIB) e a Inativação Bacteriana (IINAB) in vitro dos extratos alcoólicos das flores dos hibiscos e a relação com os polifenóis e antocianinas revelados. Avaliou-se a ação antibacteriana frente às bactérias de interesse alimentar, Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella Enteritidis resultando em diferenças significativas entre as médias de IINIB/IINAB, sendo S. aureus a cepa maisresistente para o H. syriacus e S. Enteritidis a mais sensível em ambos os experimentos. Com relação ao H. rosa-sinensis, este foi eficaz para ambas as bactérias. O teor dos compostos fitoquímicos presentes nas plantas constatou que há uma forte correlação positiva com a atividade antibacteriana (r = 0,88),sendo que o H. rosa-sinensis obteve poder antibacteriano maior do que o H. syriacus, presumindo estar relacionado à maior quantidade de polifenóis e antocianinas detectadas no primeiro. Conclui-se que as plantas estudadas têm poder bactericida e bacteriostático podendo agir contra a contaminação bacteriana...
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Phytochemicals , Flowers , Hibiscus/immunologyABSTRACT
Leaves, stems and their ashes of Prosopis cineraria and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis have been explored for their surface sorption abilities towards Methyl Orange Dye using simulated waters. Various physicochemical parameters such as pH, time of equilibration and sorbent concentrations are optimized for evoking the sorption potentialities of the plant materials for the maximum extraction of the Methyl Orange Dye from waters. The surface sorption nature is found to pH sensitive and % of removal is maximum near pH: 3. % removal of the Dye is more with ashes than respective bio-materials. Co-anions, in fivefold excess, are found to be interfering in the order: trivalent anion>divalent > monovalent while co-cations have shown relatively less interference on the extraction of the Dye at optimum conditions of extraction. The adoptability of the methodologies developed is tested with some real industrial effluents.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the bioactive constituents of Shemamruthaa (SM), a herbal combination and its therapeutic effects on the mitochondrial functions with reference to lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant status, citric acid cycle enzymes and electron transport chain enzymes in mammary tissues of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinoma in rat model.@*METHODS@#Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study and were divided into four groups. Group I served as control and Group II rats were induced mammary carcinoma by administration of DMBA (25 mg/kg b.w.) orally. The normal and cancer-induced rats (Group III) were treated with SM (400 mg/kg b.w./day) orally by gastric incubation for 14 days. Group IV rats served as SM-treated control animals.@*RESULTS@#Cancer-induced rats showed a considerably increased level of LPO with concomitant decreased levels of antioxidants, citric acid cycle enzymes, electron transport chain enzymes and cytochrome contents in the mammary tissue. Treatment with SM brought back the aforementioned biochemical parameters to near normal.@*CONCLUSIONS@#From the results, it can be inferred that Shemamruthaa possesses significant anticancer effect through its role in attenuation of LPO, prevention of membrane damage and restoring membrane integrity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene , Toxicity , Antineoplastic Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Hibiscus , Chemistry , Mammary Glands, Animal , Chemistry , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Phyllanthus , Chemistry , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Mealey bug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus) causes dreadful infection in Hibiscus rosa sinensis.Infections are highly virulent and alters biochemical components of the species. Therefore an attempt has been made to evaluate the alteration of biochemical components in Hibiscus stem at various stages of infection. The results reveal that partial infected stem had shown 78% decrease in its aminoacids whereas highly infected had shown 64% decrease. The results also show that proteins had increased significantly(72%) in highly infected stem and noticeable increase (63%) in partial infected.
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Mealey bug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus) causes dreadful infection in Hibiscus rosa sinensis.Infections are highly virulent and alters biochemical componenets of the species. Therefore an attempt has been made to evaluate the alteration of biochemical components in Hibiscus stem at various stages of infection. The results reveal that partial infected stem had shown 14.2% increase in its total soluble sugars whereas highly infected had shown 40% decrease.The results also show that total soluble sugars had increased significantly(14%) in highly infected stem and noticeable increase (3%) in partial infected.
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The objective of this study is to ascertain the potency of , Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves extract,with 70% ethanol/ water, as potential natural antioxidant.The phytochemical screening identified the bioactive compounds of the dry extract; carbohydrates and/or glycosides, steroids and/or triterpenes, flavonoids and tannins.The total phenolic and the total flavonoids contents reached 48.4 mg catechol equivalent and 24.26 mg quercetin equivalent /g dry weight, respectively.We assayed in vitro total antioxidant capacity and reducing power of H. rosa extract (HRE), using butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid (ASA) as references, respectively.HRE recorded two-fold stronger antioxidant capacity than that of BHT while its reducing power was less than that of ASA, with reaction time and extract concentration dependent manner. In addition we evaluated the scavenging activities of HRE for O2 •−, H2O2 and NO compared to that of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). BHA recorded up to (61.6%), (65.8%), and (37.3%), respectively, at 500 μg/ml. Scavenging ability of HRE was very closed to that of BHA, in case of O2 •− ( 60.4%) and NO ( 36.3%) while it was lower in case of H2O2 (48.5%). Finally, we investigate the protection effect of HRE against lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein oxidation(PO) using Fe+3/ ascorbate oxidizing system. LPO shwed 2.5-fold increase while PO reduced 56% of –SH groups. The co-incubation of Fe+3/ascorbate with Hibiscus extract inhibited lipid and protein oxidative damage nearly with 31%, at 500 μg/ml. So, we can conclude that the in vitro study emphasized HRE effective antioxidant and scavenging activities which may be due to its phenolics and flavonoids contents.
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Objective: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of a Shemamruthaa (SM), (combination of Hibiscus rosasinensis (H. rosasinensis) flowers, fruits of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) and pure honey in definite ratio), against lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant status in experimentally induced mammary carcinoma rats. Methods: Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study and were divided into four groups. Group I control animals received standard pellet diet and water ad libitum. Group II rats were induced with 7,12-dimethyl benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) (25 mg in 1 mL olive oil) by gastric intubation, whereas another set of DMBA-induced rats were treated with SM (400 mg/kg body weight/d) in olive oil orally by gastric intubation for 14 d after 3 months of induction period (group III). Group IV rats served as SM-treated control animals. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were anaesthetised and sacrificed and used for biochemical measures and histology studies. Results: The LPO was increased and antioxidant levels were decreased in the serum, liver and mammary tissues of cancer-induced rats. The administration of SM drug significantly (P<0.05) decreased LPO and reversed the status of antioxidants to near normal level in cancer-bearing animals. Conclusions: The results obtained indicate the additive and synergistic action of constituents’ plants in the SM drug against oxidative damage and its protective role in DMBA induced mammary cancer.
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The hypolipidemic activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis (family Malvaceae) root extract was studied on triton and cholesterol-rich high fat diet (HFD) induced models of hyperlipidemia in rats. In triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia, feeding with root extract (500 mg/kg body wt/day p.o.) exerted lipid-lowering effect, as assessed by reversal of plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) and reactivation of post-heparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) of plasma. The other model was fed with cholesterol-rich HFD and root extract (500 mg/kg body wt/ day p.o.) simultaneously for 30 days. This also caused lowering of lipid levels in plasma and liver homogenate and reactivation of plasma PHLA and hepatic total lipoprotein lipase activity. The hypolipidemic activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis root was compared with a standard drug guggulipid (200 mg/kg body wt/day p.o.), a known lipid- lowering agent in both models. Histopathological findings in rat liver supported the protective role of H. rosa sinensis root extract in preventing cholesterol-rich HFD-induced hepatic steatosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cholesterol/metabolism , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Hibiscus/chemistry , Hyperlipidemias/chemically induced , Hyperlipidemias/metabolism , Hyperlipidemias/pathology , Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology , Liver/drug effects , Liver/pathology , Male , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Roots/chemistry , Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Para conocer el efecto de suplementación con harina de tres arbustivas forrajeras tropicales, en el comportamiento productivo y fermentación ruminal de corderos en crecimiento, se realizó un estudio durante 90 días, utilizando 30 corderos con encaste de Pelibuey y Black Belly (18,29 ± 1,56 kg PV), mantenidos en pastoreo continuo en estrella africana (Cynodon plestostachyus; 75,5% FDN y 6,1% PC) de 7:00 a.m. a 4:00 p.m, posteriormente los animales fueron alojados en corraletas individuales, proporcionándoles 200 g animal-1 d-1 de suplemento de acuerdo a los tratamientos (T) evaluados: T1 = sólo pastoreo (SP), T2 = T1+concentrado comercial (CC), T3 = T1+harina de cocoíte (Gliricidia sepium; HC), T4 = T1+harina de morera (Morus alba; HM) y T5 = T1+harina de tulipán (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; HT). Las variables registradas fueron: consumo de suplemento y pasto, ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), digestibilidad aparente de materia seca del suplemento y del pasto. En fluido ruminal se midió pH, concentración de ácidos grasos volátiles, nitrógeno amoniacal, bacterias totales y protozoarios. El CC y la HT presentaron el mejor (P < 0,05) consumo de suplemento (CC, 181,6ª; HC, 97,7c; HM, 149,7b; HT, 167,2ab g d-1), de materia seca total (SP, 789,1b; CC, 976,8ª; HT, 941,8ª g d-1) y la mejor GDP (SP, 46,1b; CC, 81,6ª; HT, 77,1ª; g d-1). El CC propició la más alta (P < 0,05) digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca (DAMS, 60,97ª); en contraste la más baja (P < 0,05) DAMS se presentó con el uso de HC (SP, 49,27ab; CC, 54,00ª; HC, 48,52C; HM, 50,47ab; HT, 50,54ab). En las variables ruminales, no se observaron diferencias entre tratamientos para pH, nitrógeno amoniacal y AGV; solamente se registraron cambios (P < 0,05) en la concentración (1 × 10(8) mL-1) de bacterias totales (SP, 45,0ª; HM, 1,1b) y de protozoarios (SP, 20,73b; CC, 96,01ª; 1 × 10(4) mL-1). La harina de tulipán mostró una respuesta similar a la del CC. La menor respuesta se obtuvo con HC. Por lo anterior se recomienda HT como sustituto de CC para corderos en pastoreo en el trópico.
A study was carried out in order to determine the effect of a commercial feed and three different meals produced by tropical forage shrubs, on productive performance, digestibility and some rumen variables, when used as supplements for grazing lambs. Thirty crossbreed (Pelibuey X Black Belly) male lambs (18.29 ± 1.56 Kg BW), were used in a 90 d study. Animals were on continuous grazing of African star (Cynodon plestostachyus; (75.5% NDF, 6.1% CP) from 7:00 am to 4:00 pm. After grazing animals were housed in individual pens and fed (200 g animal-1 d-1)any of four supplements, according to treatment: T1 = grazing (G); T2 = T1 + commercial concentrate (CC); T3 = T1 + cocoite meal (Gliricidia sepium; CM); T4 = T1 + morera meal (Morus alba; MM), and T5 = T1 + tulipan meal (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; TM). Supplement and forage intake, dry matter digestibility and daily weight gain, were measured. Volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen concentration, total bacteria and protozoa were determined in rumen liquor. Differences in supplement intake (P < 0.05) (CC, 181.6ª; CM, 97.7c; MM, 149.7b; TM, 167.2ab g d-1), dry matter intake (OG, 789.1b; CC, 976.8ª; TM, 941.8ª g d-1) and daily weight gain (OG, 46.1b; CC, 81.6ª; TM, 77.1ª; g d-1) were found. The highest (P < 0.05) percentage of dry matter digestibility (DMD) was found for CC (CC, 60.97ª). Forage DMD was the lowest for CM (OG, 49.27ab; CC, 54.00ª; CM, 48.52C; MM, 50.47ab; TM, 50.54ab). No differences (P > 0.05) were found for rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen and VFA concentration among treatments. Compared with OG treatment, supplementation with MM decreased (P < 0.05) total bacteria concentration (OG, 45.0ª vs MM, 1.1b × 10(8) mL-1)whilst CC increased protozoa concentration (OG, 20.73b vs CC, 96.01ª × 10(4) mL-1). Supplementation with TM showed similar results that those observed with CC. The lowest response was observed for CM and OG. It is concluded that TM can be used as a supplement instead of CC in the tropic for grazing lambs.