Histological study of platelet-rich fibrin combined with MTA for direct pulp capping of rabbit teeth / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To investigate the outcomes of a novel direct pulp capping agent containing platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). @*Methods @# A total of 32 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely, the PRF+MTA group (P+M group), PRF group (P group), MTA group (M group) and blank control group (BC group), with 8 rabbits per group. Dental pulp exposure and direct pulp capping were performed, and complete crown square sealing was performed on 2 mandibular central incisor teeth of each rabbit. Four rabbits from each group were euthanized after each observation period (7 and 28 days). The experimental teeth were subjected to HE staining. Inflammatory cell infiltration, calcified bridge formation and pulp tissue disorganization were observed and graded. @*Results@#Inflammatory cell infiltration: on the 7th day, group P+M and group M were lighter than group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group P+M was lighter than group P and group BC (P<0.05); group P+M and group M did not significantly differ (P>0.05). Calcified bridge formation: on the 7th and 28th days, group P+M was lighter than group P, group M and group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group M was higher than group BC (P<0.05). Under microscope, the calcified bridge contained cellular components and was surrounded by odontoblast-like cells, sharing a structure resembled osteodentin; dentin tubule-like structure could not be observed in calcified bridge, and the calcified bridge resembled certain points of osteodentin. Pulp tissue disorganization: on the 7th day, group P+M and group M were lighter than group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group P+M was lighter than group P and group BC (P<0.05). group P+M and group M did not significantly differ (P>0.05). @*Conclusion @# The combination of PRF and MTA for direct pulp capping provided light inflammatory cell infiltration, stable pulp status and a strong ability of pulp tissue to form calcified bridge, and the calcified bridge resembled certain points of osteodentin.

Value of a nomogram model combined radiomics based on contrast enhanced MRI and clinical factors on preoperative prediction histological grade in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To build and validate a radiomics and clinical nomogram for preoperative discrimination between low- and high-grade sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC).Methods:From January 2017 to May 2021, 167 SNSCC patients including 78 low-grade (grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ) and 89 high-grade (grade Ⅲ) were retrospectively analyzed at the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. All patients were randomly divided into a training cohort ( n=117, 64 high-grade and 53 low-grade SNSCC) and a validation cohort ( n=50, 25 high-grade and 25 low-grade SNSCC) in a ratio of 7∶3 using a stratified sampling method. The radiomics features were extracted in contrast enhanced T 1WI with manual segmentation of lesions. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to reduce the dimension of the radiomics features and then the radiomics model was built to predict SNSCC histological grade in training cohort. Independent clinical predicting factors were screened using logistic regression and the clinical model was built. The clinical-radiomics model was built by the radiomics features and clinical factors in the training cohort based on logistic regression and the nomogram was drawn. The receiver operator characteristic curves were drawn to evaluate the performance of clinical model, radiomics model and nomogram. The calibration curve was used to evaluate the consistency between the nomogram prediction and the actual observation risk, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical applicability of the nomogram. Results:Using logistic regression analysis, the clinical model was built by the tumor primary site (OR value 7.376, 95%CI 2.517-21.618, P<0.001) and TNM stage (OR value 10.020, 95%CI 3.654-27.472, P<0.001) and the area under the curve (AUC) in the training cohort and validation cohort were 0.798 and 0.784, sensitivity were 84.4% and 84.0%, specificity were 58.5% and 68.0%, respectively. Based on the contrast enhanced T 1WI, a total of 9 radiomics features were screened for establishing the radiomics model. The AUC of radiomics model were 0.833 (sensitivity 82.8%, specificity 73.6%) and 0.851 (sensitivity 92.0%, specificity 68.0%) in the training and validation cohorts. The nomogram based on the clinical-radiomics model predicted histological grade with the highest AUC in the training cohort (AUC 0.920, sensitivity 89.1%, specificity 83.0%) and validation cohort (AUC 0.912, sensitivity 92.0%, specificity 84.0%). The calibration curve of the nomogram was close to the ideal line in both training and validation cohorts. DCA showed that the use of nomogram with a threshold in the range of <85% in training cohort, in the range of 20%-65%, 72%-90% in validation cohort, had a greater clinical application value in predicting the SNSCC histological grade. Nomogram model had a better clinical net benefit than the clinical and radiomics models. Conclusion:Nomogram combining clinical factors (tumor primary site and TNM stage) with radiomics features obtained from contrast enhanced T 1WI has a better ability for predicting histological grade of SNSCC than clinical and radiomics models.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet count as prognostic factors in ovarian malignancies

Objective: The objectives of the present study were to demonstrate the influence of neutrophils, platelets, and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the ovarian cancer prognosis and to compare these parameters with benign ovarian neoplasms. Materials and Methods: Records of patients underwent surgery for ovarian cysts were evaluated. There were 72 malignant neoplasms and 213 benign neoplasms. Age, parity, histologic type, tumor stage, type of surgery performed, chemotherapy, disease-free survival, serum levels of tumor markers, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, and NRL were recorded. The Mann-Whitney, the Chi-square test and multiple linear regression were used. A P-value < 0.05 was established as the significance level. Results: Higher values of platelets, neutrophils, and NLR were found in malignant tumors (P = 0.0132, P = 0.0208, and P < 0.0001, respectively), while lymphocytes values were higher in benign group (P < 0.0001). Preoperative platelet count 300,000/mm3 was related to less aggressive histological types (P = 0.0148). NLR <3 was related to the initial stages (P = 0.0053), and patients with disease-free survival >24 months had most often neutropenia during chemotherapy (P = 0.0482). After multivariate analysis, platelets, NLR, and serum levels of CA15.3 were considered independent variables related to tumor staging (P = 0.028, P = 0.028, and P = 0.035, respectively). Conclusion: NLR and serum levels of platelets may represent potential prognostic factors in ovarian cancer, and they may also serve as therapeutic targets in the future treatment strategies

Correlation of Expression of Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 with Histopathological Grade in Cases of Carcinoma Breast

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the most common canceramong women in both developing and developed countries.It needs alarming attention because it causes high morbidityand mortality. There is a need to understand the initiationand progression of breast cancer on hormonal, cellular andmolecular basis which forms the platform for designing oftargeted therapy. This study was intended to find correlationbetween the expression of Estrogen receptor, Progesteronereceptor and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2with histological grade in cases of carcinoma breast.Material and methods: This study was conducted in theDepartment of Pathology at Bhagat Phool Singh GovernmentMedical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat on 55histologically confirmed breast cancer cases.Results: The age of the patients ranged from 27 to 70 yearsand the mean age was 51.56 ± 11.39 years. Invasive ductalcarcinoma - no special type was the most common histologicaltype(92.72%). The most common histological grade observedwas grade II i.e. 61.82%. Lymph nodes involvement was seenin 55.32% of the cases. ER, PR and HER-2/neu positivitywas observed in 45.45%, 47.27% and 25.45% of the casesrespectively. ER and PR were found to correlate withhistological grade (p<0.05) while no correlation was observedbetween HER-2/neu and histological grade(p>0.05).Conclusion: Evaluation of ER, PR, and HER-2/neu statusshould be incorporated routinely as a part of histopathologyreports in all cases of breast carcinoma as they not onlyhelp in assessment of prognosis, but also help in decidingmanagement and improving overall survival.

Immunohistochemical profile and its association with clinicopathological parameters in carcinoma breast: a prospective study in central India

Background: Carcinoma breast is one of the most common malignancies of women in India. The current study was conducted with the objective of assessing estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Her-2/neu (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2) expression and Ki67 index of breast carcinomas and its correlation with histological grade, tumour size and lymph node metastasis.Methods: Forty-seven lumpectomy or modified mastectomy specimens diagnosed as Infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC): NOS, were selected for panel of imuno histochemistry (IHC) markers on tissue microarray blocks prepared from each case.Results: Maximum of our patients belonged to premenopausal 24/47 (51%) and 20% to younger age group (<30 year). Tumour size of 2-5 cm was observed in maximum females 29 (61%); while 13(27%) had size >5.0cm. The majority of cases diagnosed as grade I (40%) and lymph node involvement was seen in 31/47 (65%). Molecular classification revealed 10 (21%) luminal A, 4 (8%) luminal B, 9 (19%) Her2/neu positive, while triple negative phenotype comprised of maximum 24 (51%) patients. Most of the Luminal group tumours were low grade (14/15); while majority of Her2/neu positive 7/9(77%) and triple negative tumours 19/24 (80%) belonged to higher grades.Conclusions: Breast carcinoma among our patient is characterized by a large percentage of triple negative phenotype that is less susceptible to hormonal therapy. The empirical treatment with tamoxifen should therefore be reconsidered as it would be less effective. Assessment of prognostic markers in breast carcinoma is strongly advocated in order to provide the best therapeutic options.

Role of FNAC in the Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma, its Correlation with Histopathology and its Prognostic Importance

Breast carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of carcinoma death in women. With an annual incidence of approximately 1, 44,000 new cases of breast cancers in India, it has now become the most common female cancer in urban India and the second commonest in the rural Indian women. Nottingham applied histological grading system,and Robinson applied cytological grading system, which are one of the established methodologies to determine the histological and cytological grade of the tumor. By using these prognostic factors from pathological reports, the prognosis of the patient can be estimated individually. Aim: To analyze cytological and histological grading and their correlation along with tumor size and lymphnode status in breast carcinomas and its prognostic importance. Methods: All patients presenting with palpable breast lesions were subjected to an FNAC procedure after a detailed history, general physical and local examination. After performing fine needle aspiration diagnosis of various breast lesions were made on the basis of morphological and cytological findings and cytological grading for the malignant breast lesions was done. It was followed by excision biopsy, mastectomy, and cytohistological comparison was done to assess the efficiency and accuracy of cytological grading done after fine needle aspiration. Results: The most common type found in study was Ductal carcinoma (not otherwise specified) seen in 95.2% cases. The maximum no. of cases i.e. 36 (44.45%) were found in upper outer quadrant. all patients (100%) presented with complaint of lump in the breast. On assessing all 6 features, the maximum number of cases were in grade- II i.e. 48 (59.3%). A significant agreement was seen between cytological and histological grades. Conclusion: Assigning a cytological grade of breast carcinoma aspirates can be done with little effort, is reproducible and with rare exceptions depending on sample limitations correlates precisely with the histological grade. The tumor grading can be used as a very good prognostic and predictive marker for breast carcinomas.

MRI-based radiomic features in histological grading of breast invasive ductal carcinoma / 医学研究生学报

Objective The histological grade of breast cancer is closely related with the treatment and prognosis of the malignancy, and radiomics plays a valuable role in the identification of its grade. This article aimed to investigate the values of the conventional parameters of breast MRI and breast MRI-based imaging features in the histological grading of breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).Methods This retrospective study included 71 cases of breast cancer treated in our hospital from June 2015 to June 2016. We obtained the traditional quantitative parameters of MRI, including the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and initial enhancement rate (IER), performed manual segmentation of the ADC and DCE maps, extracted the radiomic features and analyzed the differences in the radiomic signatures between low- and high-grade IDC. Using logistic regression analysis, we assessed the values of ADC and IER and the radiomic signatures of the ADC and DCE images in differentiating low-grade from high-grade IDC.Results The values of ADC, B_sum_variance, L_SRE and R_RP were significantly lower (P0.05). In differentiating high-grade from low-grade IDC, the ADC image-based radiomic signature model achieved a significantly higher AUC (0.858 [0.774-0.924]) than the ADC (0.709 [0.588-0.830]) and DCE model (0.691 [0.565-0.818]), and the former also manifested markedly higher accuracy, specificity, and rates of positive and negative prediction than the latter two.Conclusion ADC- and MRI-based radiomic features play a valuable role in differentiating high-grade from low-grade IDC, particularly the former, which could provide even more clinical information, while IER is of little value in this aspect.

Correlation of metabolic syndrome with tumor grade and stage of primary bladder carcinoma / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome , its components and the histopathological findings in bladder cancer patients .Methods The data of 326 patients in our department between October 2010 and October 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Age, gender, stature, weight, histologic stage, grade, and the presence of hypertension , diabetes mellitus, body mass index ( BMI) were evaluated.There were 64 females, 262 males, aged 23-89 years, including 241 low stage, 85 high stage, 155 low grade, and 171 high grade, respectively.There were 117 cases with hypertension, 95 cases with diabetes mellitus , 139 cases with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and 49 cases with metabolic syndrome.The TNM classification was used , with Ta and T1 tumor accepted as low stage , T2 , T3 and T4 tumor as high stage bladder cancer.In addition, the pathological grading system adopted by the 2004 World Health Organization was applied.Non-invasive papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential were regarded as low grade.Analyses were completed using Chi-square tests to evaluate the correlation of diabetes mellitus , hypertension and obesity with the pathologic stage and grade .Moreover , the pathologic stage , grade and recurrence were compared between metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome groups . Results Metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with histological grade and stage (P=0.001, P=0.011). Diabetes mellitus and obesity were also associated with histological grade and stage (P=0.006, P<0.01). Conclusions Patients with metabolic syndrome were found to have significant higher T stage and grade of bladder cancer .Diabetes mellitus and obesity may promote the grading and staging of bladder cancer .

Effects of post-mastectomy radiation therapy on T1-2 stage and one to three positive lymph node breast cancer patients with differ-ent risk factors / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To retrospectively evaluate the prognostic risk factors of T1-2 stage breast cancer patients with one to three positive node(s) and their effects on the benefits of post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT). Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 457 breast cancer patients with T1-2 stage and one to three positive axillary lymph nodes treated in our hospital between 2000 and 2002. The independent prognostic factors of the patients were calculated by the Cox proportional hazards model. The patients were fur-ther classified into high-risk and low-risk subgroups according to the risk factors to explore the benefit of PMRT on the prognosis of dif-ferent subgroups using survival analysis. Results:PMRT was not an independent beneficial factor of overall survival (OS) (HR=0.949;CI:0.435-2.074;P=0.896) or loco-regional recurrent free survival (LRRFS) (HR=0.611;CI:0.231-1.614;P=0.320) in all patients. Ex-tracapsular extension (ECE) and pathological grades were independent prognostic risk factors, and the benefits of PMRT were signifi-cantly different on the prognosis of high-risk subgroup patients (group ECE+OS:P=0.020, LRRFS:P=0.014;group GradeⅢOS:P=0.002, LRRFS:P<0.001). Meanwhile, PMRT failed to prolong the OS and LRRFS of low-risk subgroup patients (group ECE+OS:P=0.353, LRRFS:P=0.796;group GradeⅠtoⅡOS:P=0.267, LRRFS:P=0.589). Conclusion:ECE and gradeⅢwere the independent risk factors of death and loco-regional recurrence in the T1-2 breast cancer patients with one to three positive lymph node(s). PMRT was an effective adjuvant therapy to improve the prognosis of patients with high-risk factors. However, the benefit of PMRT had no sig-nificance in patients with ECE-or gradeⅠ-Ⅱ.

Expression of GRIM-19 and its target gene product STAT3 in human breast cancer / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To evaluate gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality-19 (GRIM-19) expression levels and the correlation with its target gene product signal transducers and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)in human breast cancer tissues and normal gland tissues,and to analyze their roles in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer.Methods The expression of GRIM-19 and STAT3 protein and mRNA in 40 cases of breast cancer tissues and 40 cases of normal gland tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.The correlation of the expression of GRIM-19 and STAT3 to various clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer were analyzed statistically.The mRNA expression and gene mutation of GRIM-19 in breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and 25 specimens of breast cancer and normal gland tissue were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and sequencing.Results The protein and mRNA expression of GRIM-19 was obviously lower in breast cancer than in normal gland tissues (P ＜ 0.05) while the protein and mRNA expression of STAT3 was obviously higher in breast cancer than in normal gland tissues(P ＜0.05).The expression of GRIM-19 and STAT3 was negatively correlated with each other(x2 =8.25,P ＜0.01).Breast cancer samples exhibited low level of GRIM-19 and moderate to high level of STAT3 expression.In contrast,the normal gland tissue was characterized by high level of GRIP-19 and low level of STAT3 expression.The protein expression of GRIM-19 was correlated with the histological grading and clinical stage of breast cancer(P ＜ 0.05).STAT3 was not correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer (P ＞ 0.05).No mutation of GRIM-19 gene was detected in breast cancer tissues,normal gland tissues or MCF-7 breastcancer cells.Conclusions The low expression of GRIM-19 and the high expression of STAT3 co-exist in breast cancer.Downregulation of GRIM-19 was closely correlated with increased histological grade,clinical stage and STAT3 in breast cancer.The potential role of GRIM-19 in breast cancer development may be through these correlations.

Usefulness of Gadobenate Dimeglumine - Enhanced Hepatobiliary Phase MR Imaging on Predicting Histological Grade of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced hepatobiliary phase MR imaging for evaluation of histological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 57 HCCs histopathologically proved by surgery in 51 patients were retrospectively evaluated. All patients underwent gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging prior to surgery. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of lesion and liver, and the liver-to-lesion contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for both pre- and postcontrast hepatobiliary phase were measured and contrast enhancement ratio (CER) of lesion and liver were calculated to correlate with three groups stratified by histological grades (Edmondson-Steiner classification) of the lesions. The differences between means of each group were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance test. RESULTS: The liver-to-lesion CNRs of well-differentiated HCCs (n=9) on pre- (-0.8+/-13.2) and postcontrast hepatobiliary phase images (13.2+/-30.4) were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to those of moderately (14.2+/-9.4 and 39.1+/-15.4 on pre- and postcontrast, respectively) (n=37) and poorly differentiated HCCs (18.6+/-11.3 and 39.3+/-27.9) (n=11), respectively. There were no significant difference for CERs between three histological tumor grades. CONCLUSION: Gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced hepatobiliary phase MR imaging can help predict the histological grades of hepatocellular carcinomas preoperatively, especially differentiating well- from moderately and poorly differentiated HCCs.

Estudio clínico-patológico comparativo de los meningiomas con referencia a su grado histológico y riesgo de recidivas

El grado histológico de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la extensión de la resección quirúrgica inicial han sido considerados factores pronósticos determinantes en meningiomas. Sin embargo, una tasa de recidiva cercana al 20 por ciento en meningiomas benignos totalmente resecados plantea la necesidad de considerar nuevos factores pronósticos. Para estimar la importancia del grado histológico y determinar la influencia de factores clínicos y morfológicos sobre el riesgo de recidivas en meningiomas, se realizó un estudio clínico-patológico comparativo sobre una casuística de 580 tumores (pertenecientes a 532 pacientes). Con la progresión del grado histológico, se evidenció un aumento significativo en el porcentaje de pacientes del sexo masculino, una mayor propiedad invasiva del tumor a estructuras adyacentes y mayor porcentaje de tumores recidivantes,en tanto que la edad del paciente, la localización y tamaño del tumor, la extensión de la resección quirúrgica inicial y el intervalo libre de recidivas no variaron con el grado histológico. No se observaron diferencias significativas al comparar meningiomas no recidivantes y recidivantes con respecto al sexo y edad de los pacientes, grado histológico, localización y tamaño del tumor, extensión de la resección quirúrgica inicial e invasión tumoral de estructuras adyacentes. Si bien el grado histológico de los meningiomas resulta importante para predecir su comportamiento biológico, no existen parámetros clínicos ni morfológicos confiables que permitan determinar el pronóstico para un grado histológico en particular (especialmente en el grupo de meningiomas benignos)

The histological grade of the Wordl Health Organization and the extension of the initial surgical resection have been considered determining prognostic factors inmeningiomas. Nevertheless, a recurrence rate close to 20% in benign meningiomas completely resected arises the need of considering new prognostic factors. In orderto estimate the importance of the histological grade and to determine the influence of clinical and morphological factors upon the risk of recurrences in meningiomas, a comparative clinical-pathological study was carried out on 580 tumors (belonging to 532 patients). Progression of the histological grade was evident in a significant percentage of male patients in addition to a major invasive quality of the tumor to adjacent structures and a higher percentage of recurrent tumors, while the age of the patient, the localization and size of the tumor, the extension of the initial surgical resection and the interval free from recurrencies, did not vary with the histological grade. No significant differences were observed when comparing non recurrent meningiomas and recurrent meningiomas with respect to the gender and age of the patients, histological grade, localization and size of the tumor, extension of the initial surgical resection and tumorous invasion of adjacent structures. While the histological grade of the meningiomas is important to predict their biological behaviour, there are no reliable clinical or morphological parameters able to determine the prognosis for a particular histological grade (especially within the group of benign meningiomas)

Expressão imuno-histoquímica das integrinas a2B1, a3B1 e a5B1 em carcinoma epidermóide de lábio inferior e língua / Imuno-histoquímica expression of the integrinas a2B1, a3B1 and a5B1 in epidermóide carcinoma of inferior lip and language

A imprevisibilidade do comportamento biológico do carcinoma epidermóide oral vem justificando um grande número de pesquisas utilizando biomarcadores que possam contribuir para um melhor entendimento do curso evolutivo dessa neoplasia. Por estarem envolvidas em relações entre as células tumorais e constituintes da matriz extracelular, as integrinas vêm sendo estudadas como possíveis marcadores preditivos desse comportamento. Este estudo se propôs a analisar, através do método da imuno- histoquímica, a expressão das integrinas α2ß1, α3ß1 e α5ß1, ligantes para o colágeno, laminina e fibronectina respectivamente, em 15 casos de carcinoma epidermóide de lábio inferior e 15 de língua, com diferentes escores de malignidade histológica. Observou-se uma imunomarcação predominantemente difusa, citoplasmática e granular na maioria dos casos analisados. Quanto à intensidade de marcação, a integrina α2ß1 mostrou-se de forma positiva em 80% dos casos de lábio e em 93,3% dos de língua. A imunorreatividade da integrina α3ß1 foi classificada como positiva em 60% dos casos de lábio e de língua. Para esta integrina, 20% e 33,3% dos casos de lábio e língua, respectivamente, mostraram-se negativos. Já com relação à integrina α5ß1 a intensidade foi classificada como positiva em 53,3% dos casos e fortemente positiva em 46,7% daqueles localizados em lábio. Nos carcinomas de língua, a intensidade mostrou-se positiva em 46,7% dos casos e fortemente positiva em 53,3%. A análise estatística não demonstrou diferenças nem correlações significativas da expressão dessas integrinas nem entre os sítios anatômicos, nem entre diferentes escores de gradação histológica de malignidade. A expressiva imunomarcação das integrinas α2ß1, α3ß1 e α5ß1 nos casos de carcinomas epidermóides estudados nos leva a sugerir uma ampla participação dessas proteínas na carcinogênese oral; no entanto, nossos resultados não nos permitem correlacionar sua expressão como indicador de variações no comportamento biológico desta neoplasia (AU).

The unpredictable biologic behavior of the oral squamous cells carcinoma has determined extensive research on the evolution of such tumor. Due to the existing relation between the outer cell matrix and the tumor cells, the integrins have been used as markers in the predictive study of the cell behavior. This study aims to analyze immunohistochemically the expression of the integrin α2ß1, α3ß1, and α5ß1 connections for the collagen, the laminin and the fibronectin respectively in 15 cases of squamous cells carcinoma from the lower lip and 15 from the tongue, with different scores of malignance grading. A predominantly diffuse, cytoplasm and granular immunological marking was observed in the majority of the analyzed cases. According to the marking intensity, integrin α2ß1 appeared positive in 80% of the lip and in 93,3% of the tongue cases. The immunological reactivity of integrin α3ß1 was classified as positive in 60% of both the tongue and lip cases. For this integrin, 20% and 33.3% of the tongue and lip cases, respectively, were negative. In relation to integrin α5ß1 the intensity was classified as positive in 53,3% of the cases and strongly positive in 46,7% of those located in the lip. In the tongue carcinomas, the intensity was positive in 46,7% of the cases and strongly positive in 53,3%. The statistic analysis did not show any significant differences or correlation of expression between these integrins nor between the anatomical sites or between different scores of malignancy grading. The expressive immunological marking of the integrins, α2ß1, α3ß1, and α5ß1 in the studied cases of squamous cell carcinomas leads us to think of a great participation of these proteins in oral carcinogenesis; however, our results do not allow us to correlate its expression as an indicator of variations in the biological behavior of this neoplasia (AU).

The Correlation Between The Histologic Activity and Fibrosis and The Distribution of Intrahepatic HBsAg and HBcAg in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B / 대한간학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between histologic activity and fibrosis and the distribution of intrahepatic hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: 141 patients (M:F=141:27) with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis B, abnormal liver function, and a positive HBV viral marker (serum HBeAg, serum HBV DNA) were enrolled. RESULTS: HBcAg was expressed in 96 of 141 patients (68.1%), nHBcAg in 23 (16.3%), cHBcAg in 58 (41.2%), and n-cHBcAg in 15 (10.6%). In the cases of HBsAg, 114 of 141 patients (80.9%) were expressed as cHBsAg, 2 (1.4%) as mHBsAg, and 16 (11.3%) as m-cHBsAg. The presence of intrahepatic HBcAg and HBsAg according to Gudat's classification was not correlated with activity and fibrosis. But the groups with nuclear expression of HBcAg revealed less inflammatory activity (grade, p=0.003), and less fibrotic stage (p = 0.002) than with cytoplasmic or no expression of HBcAg. HBsAg was not. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that inflammatory activity and fibrosis of chronic hepatitis B are related to the presence of HBcAg in hepatocytes and the expression of HBcAg. This is a very important finding in hepatocytolysis.

The study of the shunt index of thallium-201 liver scintigraphy and liver biopsy in the patients with chronic liver disease / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: The disturbances of portal circulation in chronic liver disease may cause hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy and variceal bleeding. The measure of porto-systemic shunt plays a significant role in the management and prognosis of the patients. So we have evaluated the relationship between the shunt index of thallium-201 liver scan and the histological grade and stage of chronic liver disease. METHODS: The thallium-201 scintigraphy per rectum was evaluated in 159 patients with chronic liver disease, which were proven with percutaneous liver biopsy. We used the heart to liver activity ratio at 20 minute as shunt index, representing portal-systemic shunt. The two pathologists scored independently hepatitis activity (lobular and porto-periportal activity) and stage (fibrosis). RESULTS: A significant difference was noted between the shunt index and the scores of fibrosis (p< 0.001) although this correlation was statistically weak (r=0.26, p=0.008). In cumulative logistic regression test, the shunt index had a effect on the fibrosis (p< 0.001) but not on the lobular and porto-periportal activity. Fibrosis was predicted as less than 2 if shunt index was less than 0.24, 3 if more than 0.24 but less than 0.46, 4 if more than 0.46. CONCLUSION: The shunt index of thallium-201 liver scintigraphy correlated only with fibrosis not with lobular and porto-periportal activity. As the fibrosis progresses in chronic liver disease, portal hypertension becomes more severe and the shunt index increases. Thallium-201 liver scan may be useful for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis instead of invasive liver biopsy in predicting the histological stage (fibrosis) of advanced chronic liver disease.

The relationship between expression of p53 protein and AgNORs count and histological grade in pancreatic adenocarcinoma / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To study the relationship between expression of p53 protein and AgNORs count and histological grade in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.METHODS:Fifty-six patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 25 normal pancreatic tissue were examined for mutant P53 protein by immunohistochemistry,silver binding nucleolar organizer regions(AgNORs)were counted in cancer cells,and histological grade was observed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.RESULTS:P53 protein positive expression was 50% in pancreatic adenocarcinoma,P53 protein expression was negative in all normal pancreatic tissue.There is a significant difference in P53 expression between normal pancreatic tissue and pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue.The mean AgNORs count was 9.14?2.08 in group with P53 protein positive expression,and 5.99?1.84 in group with P53 protein negative expression group.The P53 expression was associated with AgNORs significantly.The P53 expression was significantly related with histological grade,and AgNORs count was also significantly related with histological grade.CONCLUSION:P53 may be closely related to carcinogenesis and development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.P53 protein expression and AgNORs count might be a useful prognostic factor in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Histological Grade of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

The authors attempted to choose what has the best reproducibility and predictability for prognosis of the prostatic adenocarcinoma among four most widely used gradings methods; the Gleason's Mostofi's, Bocking and MD Anderson hospital systems. According to these gradings systems, each of two pathologists made histologic gradings of 40 consecutive prostatic adenocarcinomas which had been diagnosed with the surgically resected specimens. Correlation between the histological grades and the clinical stages was studied and a comparison was made among each system. For the comparison, the Gleason's and MDAH systems were revised as 3 grades and adjusted to the other gradings systems. In this study, MDAH grading system yielded the highest reproducibility as represented by 90% agreement, as compared with the other systems which showed 82.5~87.5% agreement. By the Gleason's, Mostofi's and Bocking's systems, 46.2%, 23.1% and 46.2% of grade 3 tumors respectively fell under the clinical stage A. On the contrary, there were no cases of grade 3 in stage A and no cases of grade 1 in stage D, by MDAH gradings system. These results suggest that MDAH gradings system is superior to the other systems in reproducibility and for predicting the biological behavior.