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Objective: To evaluate the association of tumor budding (TB) with prognostic histomorphological parameters in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to investigate the correlation of TB intensity with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Material and Method: A total of 200 cases diagnosed as OSCC were selected and their TB status was reviewed using Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Correlation with histomorphological prognostic parameters was done. Also, IHC for Vimentin and E-cadherin was performed to look for EMT. Results: On H and E examination, TB was observed in 154/200 (77%). About 88/154 (57.14%) cases showed a high TB (>5 TB/10 hpf) which increased to 100/154 (64.9%) cases on IHC staining. The intensity of TB was significantly associated with tumor grade and depth of invasion. It was also significantly associated with reduced expression for E-Cadherin and upregulation of Vimentin establishing a pathogenetic correlation between the TB and EMT. Conclusion: Therefore, our results suggest that TB is associated with poor prognosis and histologically represents EMT in OSCC which further adds to the aggressiveness of the tumor.
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Background: Anterior mediastinal tumors comprise only 3% of all chest tumours. They are often of diagnostic challenge to both clinicians and histopathologists owing to their wide variety of clinical presentations and diversity in histomorphological appearance respectively. Hence, there is a need for elaborated studies to make the pathologists and clinicians aware of their diversity. Aim and Objectives: The present study was aimed to evaluate the diverse spectrum of clinical presentations and histomorphological appearances of anterior mediastinal lesions. In addition, cytological and radiological interpretations were correlated with histological diagnosis to assess their comparative role in diagnosis. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive observational cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with anterior mediastinal mass on chest computed tomography (CT) scan were included in this study. Demographic details including clinical presentations and radiological interpretations were recorded. Patients underwent both CT guided Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and needle core/excisional biopsy. Histological diagnosis was correlated with radiological and cytological interpretations. Results: Of 659 patients presented with chest tumours, 19 were detected as having anterior mediastinal mass on chest CT scan indicating the prevalence of 2.88%. The most common presenting symptom was respiratory distress (73.68%), followed by chest pain (36.84%), superior vena cava syndrome (26.32%) and Myasthenic features (5.26%). About 50% of malignant tumours occurred at the 2nd decade of life. Thymic epithelial neoplasms comprise the major tumour type in this study (52.63%) followed by germ cell tumors (15.79%) and lymphomas (10.53%). Cytology was found to be more effective compared to radiology in diagnosis. Conclusion: Anterior mediastinal tumors are extremely heterogeneous in clinical presentation and histomorphological appearance. CT-guided FNAC can play an important role in their diagnosis along with radiology and histology.
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This study aims to investigate whether the characteristic of anti-inflammatory and protective effect of hepato- pancreascould mediate the antihyperglycemic effect of Murraya koenigii. Twenty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were inducedhyperglycemia by streptozotocin and nicotinamide (STZ-NA). The hyperglycemic rats were treated with an ethanolicextract of M. koenigii 200 mg/kg b.w and 400 mg/kg b.w. One group of the rats was treated with glibenclamide (1 mg/kg b.w). After M. koenigii extract and glibenclamide for 4 weeks, the rats were sacrificed. Blood and organ sampleswere collected under a fasting condition. The evaluation was made towards the expression of pro-inflammatorycytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) as well as the histopathological change in the liver and pancreas. The beneficial effects ofMurraya ko enigii would bring the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effect and increased the number and sizeof islet Langerhans. This research reveals that M. koenigii has a charateristic of anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective,and it contributes to regeneration of damaged pancreatic islet. This effect is accompanied by a decrease in plasmaglucose levels
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Introduction: Breast carcinoma is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in females. This study was undertaken with the aims and objectives to look into the spectrum of various gross and microscopic histomorphological factors of invasive breast carcinoma. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study, only patients diagnosed with Invasive breast carcinoma-NST from 2007-2015 (8years) were included. MRM specimen’s gross and microscopic finding were collected and studied. Results: Total 257 cases were studied; maximum patients were in fifth decade, multiparous and from middle socio-economic status. Left sided carcinoma was seen in 59% cases and 41% were in UOQ. Nipple-areola was found normal in 63.2% cases and retracted in 37.6% patients. Similarly overlying skin was normal in 67.3% cases, dimpling and peau-d-orange was present in 11.3% and 9.5% respectively. ER/PR positive was found in 44.7% and negative in 49.8% while HER2 was found negative in 70.8% cases. Conclusion: in developing countries patients invariably presents with advance stages of breast carcinoma with dimpling, peau-d-orange of skin, nipple retraction and ulceration. In majority of patients tumour sizes is invariably more than 2 cm and already have positive axillary lymph nodes, tumour emboli and majority have negative ER/PR
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Background: Perimenopausal bleeding is one of the commonest conditions for which patients come to the gynecological outpatient department. The prevalence increases with age peaking just before menopause. Anovulatory cycles causing excessive, uncontrolled and prolonged bleeding, irrespective of the etiology, are the commonest cause for such bleeding in the perimenopausal women. Perimenopause is 2-8 years proceeding and 1 year after menopause. It occurs in women between the ages of 40 to 50 years. Aim: To evaluate the histomorphological profile of Endometrial Biopsies of 200 women with perimenopausal bleeding coming to the Gynaecological outpatient Department Gandhi Hospital, from January to December, 2015. Materials and methods: Endometrial curettings were obtained from 200 women clinically diagnosed to have perimenopausal bleeding. The curettings were fixed in 10% formalin, which were then processed. The slides were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and their histomorphological pattern was noted. Results: Out of a total of 387 cases with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), 200 cases had perimenopausal bleeding. Most of the patients were between 46 to 50 years of age. The most important cause of perimenopausal bleeding was proliferative endometrium seen in 85 cases, followed by secretory endometrium in 49 cases. We had 36 cases of fibroids, 16 cases of simple hyperplasia, 5 cases of endometrial polyps, 4 cases of complex hyperplasia without atypia, 3 cases of complex hyperplasia with atypia and 2 cases of endometrial carcinoma. Conclusion: Perimenopausal bleeding is common between the ages of 40 to 50 years, with a peak in the ages between 46 to 50 years. Though the commonest histomorphological profile of the endometrial curettings obtained from such patients was proliferative phase, there were cases of hyperplasia’s both simple and complex with atypia. There were 2 cases of endometrial carcinomas.