Microbial contamination characteristics of centralized air conditioning systems in star-rated hotels based on metagenomic sequencing / 环境与职业医学

Background The use of heating and ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) in public places is conducive to improving indoor air quality and increasing the users comfort level. However, HVAC may also become potential carriers of indoor airborne microbial contamination. Objective To understand the characteristics of microbial pollution and distribution of related pathogenic microorganisms in HVAC of star-rated hotels, and to provide a basis for effective control of such pollution. Methods According to the requirements of the Hygienic specification of central air conditioning ventilation system in public buildings (WS 394-2012), two sets of HVAC in two star-rated hotels (A and B, inaugurated in 2002 and 1998, respectively) in the central area of Shanghai were randomly selected on September 9, 2020 for the hygienic evaluation of microorganisms in the air supply and respirable particulate matter (PM10) in the air supply, dust accumulation and microorganisms on the inner surface of the ducts, as well as Legionella pneumophila in cooling water and condensate water. At the same time, 3 samples from the inner surface of ducts, 1 sample from the surface of the filter, 1 sample from the condensate, and 1 sample from the cooling water were collected from each set of HVAC, a total of 12 sample from 2 sets of HVAC, for Illumina HiSeq metagenomic sequencing，and the samples are divided into 3 groups according to their types: duct group, filter group, and water sample group. The α-diversity indices (Shannon index, Simpson index, Chao1 index, ACE index, and goods_coverage index) were calculated to reflect the microbial community composition; and the β-diversity of the three groups were studied by principal component analysis to determine the similarity of the microbial communities. Results The maximum total number of bacteria and fungi in the air supply of the HVAC were 1158 CFU·m−3 and 344 CFU·m−3 for Hotel A respectively; and 2000 CFU·m−3 and 532 CFU·m−3 for Botel B respectively. β-hemolytic streptococci were negative in all samples; the respirable particulate matter, microorganisms and dust accumulation on the inner surface of air ducts, Legionella pneumophila IN cooling water and condensate samples all met the standards. The results of Illumina HiSeq sequencing showed that a total of 17322 microorganisms were reported in the 12 samples, with bacterial microbiota accounting for 97.31% of the classified genes and the remaining 2.69% were from fungi, viruses, and parasites. At the species level, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas, Alternaria, and Malassezia were the dominant microbial taxa measured in this survey. The results of α-diversity analysis showed that the values of Shannon index, Simpson index, and Chao1 index for the three groups of samples were duct > filter > water sample. The goods coverage indices of all sample groups s were close to 1. The principal component analysis showed that the contributions of two principal components were 19.27% and 14.25%, respectively, in which the samples of the filter and duct groups were better clustered into one category. Conclusion The overall hygiene conditions of the two hotels are good, except for the serious microbial contamination in the air supply of HVAC. Metagenomic sequencing reveals complex microbial communities of HVAC, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. The species composition vary by sample groups, particularly the species compositions of the samples from filters and ducts are close and dominated by pathogenic microorganisms of human origin, suggesting that the potential biosafety hazards of HVAC should not be ignored.

Air conditioning condition of observation hotels for COVID-19 prevention and control / 上海预防医学

Objective:To investigate the hygienic condition and maintenance management of air conditioners in observation hotels， and give suggestions on reducing the risk of COVID-19 transmission from the daily use. Methods:This study selected 11 observation hotels chosen by government and 3 observation hotels chosen by large companies in Minhang District. The types and sanitary conditions of the air conditioning system were revealed through the daily supervision. Hotel staffs’ knowledge of air conditioning system and their mastery of how to use and maintain air conditioning system were surveyed through questionnaire. Results:Survey of air conditioning types showed that in 14 hotels， 12 were distributed air conditioning systems and 2 were semi-centralized air conditioning systems （including fresh air systems）. The investigation found that there was dust accumulation in the fresh air ducts in one hotel guest room， dust accumulation in the filter screen of fresh air intake in one hotel， and the sanitary problem of condensate water （without centralized discharge） in two hotels. All of 14 hotels had daily cleaning and disinfection records， but they were not perfect. The hotel health management personnel’ awareness rate of air conditioning was low， although they had a positive attitude towards the cleaning and disinfection of the air conditioning system. They could do the active entrusted testing， cleaning and disinfection of the air conditioning systems. Conclusion:The air conditioning systems of some hotels have hygiene problems， and hotel health management personnel are lack of knowledge of standard operation and maintenance of air conditioning systems. The air conditioning systems of observation hotel should be cleaned and disinfected before use. At the same time， it is necessary to strengthen the training of hotel health management personnel on the use and maintenance of air conditioning systems. So the transmission of the COVID-19 through air conditioning systems can be effectively prevented.

Factores de capital humano que impactan el capital social: estudio de hoteles del sur de Tamaulipas / Human capital factors that impact social capital: A study of hotels in southern Tamaulipas

Resumen Desde el siglo pasado se incrementó el interés por el capital social y el capital humano. La Organización de las Naciones Unidas, dentro de sus 17 objetivos para un desarrollo sostenible, contempla al capital humano como un factor importante del capital social en al menos 3 de ellos. No obstante, la relación entre los factores del capital humano como desarrolladores del capital social no han sido lo suficientemente estudiados en México, como tampoco en Tamaulipas. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar si las variables de capital humano: educación, capacitación, motivación y cultura organizacional tienen un impacto en el capital social de pequeñas y medianas empresas de la zona sur de Tamaulipas, México. Se aplicaron 82 encuestas a propietarios, gerentes o encargados de hoteles de 3 y 4 estrellas adscritos a la Asociación de Hoteles y Moteles del Sur de Tamaulipas. Se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple para determinar las correlaciones entre los constructos. Los resultados indicaron que sí existe una relación entre los factores de capital humano y el capital social. Se estableció que el capital social, tiene una fuerte relación con la capacitación.

Abstract Since the last century, there has been increasing interest in social capital and human capital. At least 3 out of the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN) contemplate capital human as an important factor of social capital. However, this relationship between human capital factors as developers of social capital has not been sufficiently studied in Mexico, including Tamaulipas. The objective of this research was to determine if the variables of education, training, motivation and organizational environment have an impact on the social capital of small and medium sized enterprises. 82 questionnaires were administered to owners, managers or managers of 3 and 4 star hotels affiliated to the Association of Hotels and Motels of Southern Tamaulipas. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlations between the constructs. The results indicated that there is a relationship between the factors of human capital and social capital. A strong link between social capital and training was established.

Health protection guideline of hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts during the novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP)outbreak / 中华预防医学杂志

This guideline stipulates the health protection requirements for hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts during the novel coronavirus pneumoniaoutbreak, including requirements for hotels, personal health protection, and management. It is applicable to hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts, such as general hotels, conference center, sanitariums, etc.

Health protection guideline of hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts during COVID-19 outbreak / 中华预防医学杂志

This guideline stipulates the health protection requirements for hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts during COVID-19 outbreak, including requirements for hotels, personal health protection, and management. It is applicable to hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts, such as general hotels, conference center, sanitariums, etc.

Exergames em casa e na recreação hoteleira: perspectiva de pais / Exergames at home and at hotel recreation: parent's perspective

Esse estudo qualitativo investigou a aceitação dos pais sobre a utilização de exergames, por crianças de 06 a 12 anos, em dois ambientes distintos: em casa e, em hotéis. Foram aplicados dois questionários a uma da amostra intencional composta por 34 pais das crianças, hóspedes de hotéis do Circuito das Águas Paulista. Um questionário foi aplicado antes e, o outro, após a participação das crianças em atividades, as quais fizeram uso de exergames. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente, por meio de Análise de Conteúdo Temático, com duas categorias de análise: 1- exergames em casa, 2- exergames no programa recreativo em hotéis. Com base nos resultados, sugere-se a utilização de exergames em programas de atividades recreativas em hotéis, porém, devem ser adequados à faixa etária e utilizados com moderação.

This qualitative study investigated the parents' acceptance of the use of exergames offered to children from 06 to 12 years old in two distinct environments: house and hotel. Two questionnaires were used as instruments for data collection, one was applied before and other after children's participation in recreational and leisure activities with exergames. Thirty-four adults who were children's parents were involved in the intentional sample, guests in hotels of the Circuit das Águas Paulista. Data were descriptively analyzed by Content Analysis with two categories of analysis: 1- exergames in children's home, 2- exergames in the recreational leisure program in hotels. Based on the results, it is suggested the use of exergames in recreational programs in hotels but with moderation and taking into account the adequacy of the experiences to the age groups.

The impact of work-related risk factors on the development of neck and upper limb pain among low wage hotel housekeepers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: institution-based cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND@#Musculoskeletal disorders are a major source of disability accounting for considerable economic loss globally. Studies showed that housekeepers suffer from exposure to many high-risk factors for neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. In Ethiopia, little is known and the information is limited in scope about the magnitude of the problem among hotel housekeepers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of the neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders and identify the associated risk factors among hotel housekeepers.@*METHODS@#Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed from March 1 to May 20, 2017. Systematic random sampling was used to select 422 study participants among the Gondar town hotels, Ethiopia. The standardized Nordic questionnaire for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms was used to measure the neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 20. The significance level was obtained at 95% CI and p value ≤ 0.05.@*RESULTS@#The overall magnitude of a self-reported neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders among hotel housekeepers in the last 12 months was 62.8% (95% CI 58.3, 67.8). The main body areas of concern were neck pain (50.7%), shoulder pain (54%), elbow/forearm (47.2%), and hand/wrist (45.5%). Age, rest break taken, repetitive movement, reaching/overstretching, organization concern for health and safety, and job satisfaction were the risk factors significantly associated with neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders.@*CONCLUSIONS@#A higher proportion of hotel housekeepers were found to be affected by neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in Gondar town. Repetitive movement and reaching/overstretching were strongly associated risk factors with neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, ergonomic, organizational and personal measures, which focus on minimizing repetitive movement and awkward working position and facilitating rest break with exercise, are important to tackle neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders among hotel housekeepers.

Tecnologias e recreação em hotel: aceitação de pais sobre inserção de atividades remasterizadas no programa de recreação / Technologies and recreation in hotel: acceptance of parents on insertion of remastered activities in the recreation program

Esse estudo qualitativo investigou a aceitação dos pais sobre a incorporação de atividades recreativas remasterizadas, utilizando tecnologia virtual, ao programa de recreação, para crianças de 6 a 12 anos, em dois ambientes: 1- hotel (urbano) e 2- hotel-fazenda, do Circuito das Águas Paulista. Aplicou-se um questionário misto, a uma amostra intencional de 34 pais, após a participação das crianças em caça ao tesouro com WhatsApp. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente, por meio de Análise de Conteúdo, com duas categorias: 1- hotel e 2- hotel-fazenda. Os resultados apontam que os índices de rejeição e aceitação dos pais, em ambos os ambientes, sobre a incorporação de atividades recreativas remasterizadas, foram bem semelhantes, entretanto foram apontadas ressalvas, como a utilização por tempo limitado e controlado, a necessidade de adequação do conteúdo à faixa etária e a manutenção das atividades dinâmicas.

This qualitative study investigated the acceptance of parents on the incorporation of recreational remastered activities using virtual technology into the recreational program, offered to children from 6 to 12 years, in two environments: 1 - hotel (urban) and 2 ­ farm-hotel, at Circuito das Águas Paulista. Applied a mixed questionnaire to an intentional sample of 34 parents, after the participation of their children in a treasure hunt with WhatsApp. Data were descriptively analyzed by Content Analysis, with two categories: 1 - hotel 2 ­ farm-hotel. Results indicated that the rates of rejection and acceptance of parents, on the incorporation of remastered recreational activities into the program, in both environments were very similar, however the parents pointed out caveats, as the use of controlled and limited time, the need of the adequacy of the content to the age group and the maintenance of dynamic activities.

A Comparative Study of Job Stress, Satisfaction and Commitment of Cooking Employees in Hotel Kitchens with and without HACCP Systems / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to identify differences in job stress, satisfaction and commitment of cooking employees working in hotel kitchens with and without HACCP systems. METHODS: Culinary employees of 12 five-star hotels were surveyed and 504 valid data were used for SPSS analysis. Sub factors of working environment factors (job stress, job satisfaction, and job commitment) were examined for analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that hotels that implemented the HACCP system had significantly higher values for the five sub factors of employee job stress (job demand, relationship conflict, organizational system, lack of job autonomy, and job instability; p < 0.001). For the sub factors of job satisfaction (internal and external satisfaction) statistic showed a statistically significant value in hotels that did not implement the HACCP system (p < 0.001). Job attachment and job importance, which are sub factors of job commitment, showed no difference in relation to the implementation of HACCP system, and job responsibility showed a higher p-value in hotels that did not implement HACCP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate that culinary employees working at venues with HACCP systems have more job related stress, lower job satisfaction and partially less job commitment. Based on this outcome, venues that have already implemented or are planning to implement HACCP systems should consider the implications regarding their management of employees. Managerial policies that enhance autonomy, job stability, achievement, self-development, promotion, and compensation should also be implemented. Finally, meticulous attention and high investments into the work environment and human resources are necessary.

Effects of Emotional Labor and Social Support on Turnover Intention of Hotel Workers / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study identified the influence of hotel workers' emotional labor and social support on their intentions to change jobs. METHODS: Study participants were 437 workers from seven hotels in Korea who consented to the survey. Among them, insufficient responses from 21 participants were excluded, as well as 107 responses from workers with workloads of under one hour of face to face work. Thus, 309 hotel workers were included in the final analysis. A multivariate regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the hotel workers' intention to change jobs. RESULTS: The intention to change jobs was high when external behavior was shown, and workers who received social support from a superior exhibited low intention of changing jobs. CONCLUSION: The study results show that the most influential variables of turnover intention are external behavior and the support of a superior. It is therefore important to educate managers on personnel management methods for reducing external behaviors so that the rate of job changes by hotel workers can be reduced. It is also necessary to prepare and manage measures for strengthening the support system by workplace superiors.

A Comparative Study of Job Stress, Satisfaction and Commitment of Cooking Employees in Hotel Kitchens with and without HACCP Systems / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to identify differences in job stress, satisfaction and commitment of cooking employees working in hotel kitchens with and without HACCP systems. METHODS: Culinary employees of 12 five-star hotels were surveyed and 504 valid data were used for SPSS analysis. Sub factors of working environment factors (job stress, job satisfaction, and job commitment) were examined for analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that hotels that implemented the HACCP system had significantly higher values for the five sub factors of employee job stress (job demand, relationship conflict, organizational system, lack of job autonomy, and job instability; p < 0.001). For the sub factors of job satisfaction (internal and external satisfaction) statistic showed a statistically significant value in hotels that did not implement the HACCP system (p < 0.001). Job attachment and job importance, which are sub factors of job commitment, showed no difference in relation to the implementation of HACCP system, and job responsibility showed a higher p-value in hotels that did not implement HACCP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate that culinary employees working at venues with HACCP systems have more job related stress, lower job satisfaction and partially less job commitment. Based on this outcome, venues that have already implemented or are planning to implement HACCP systems should consider the implications regarding their management of employees. Managerial policies that enhance autonomy, job stability, achievement, self-development, promotion, and compensation should also be implemented. Finally, meticulous attention and high investments into the work environment and human resources are necessary.

Fomentando a educação não formal no lazer e recreação em hotéis / Promoting a non-formal education in leisure and recreation in hotels

O lazer e a recreação assumem diferentes classificações e múltiplas abordagens em relação ao tempo livre da sociedade. O presente estudo apresenta uma discussão sobre a dimensão educacional relacionada às atividades de lazer e recreação em hotéis, a partir de uma pesquisa de campo realizada com hospedes e profissionais da área hoteleira. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar em que medida as atividades de lazer e recreação realizadas em hotéis contribuem para formação integral de crianças entre 06 e 14 anos. Com uma revisão sistemática da literatura, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa do diário de campo. Foi realizada uma observação das atividades do hotel em três dias da programação de lazer. Após a fase de observação, a análise aconteceu com base em quatro categorias; (1) cultura corporal do movimento; (2) jogo simbólico e ação cognitiva; (3) a competição como sociabilização; (4) educação não formal e potencial motor. Essas categorias demonstraram um processo educativo que contribui para a formação integral daqueles que praticam as atividades em um ambiente de educação não formal. A investigação realizada demonstrou que existe um processo de aprendizagem durante as atividades de lazer programadas em hotéis.

The leisure and recreation take different classifications and multiple approaches to leisure society. This paper presents a discussion of the educational dimension related to leisure and recreation activities in hotels, from a survey of guests and professionals from the hotel area. The objective of this study was to investigate to what extent the leisure and recreation activities in hotels contribute to the integral formation of children from 06 to 14 years. With a systematic review of the literature, a qualitative survey was conducted, the daily type. A note of the hotel's activities in three days of leisure program was held. After the observation phase, the analysis took place based on four categories; (1) body culture movement; (2) symbolic play and cognitive action; (3) competition and socialization; (4) non-formal education and motor potential. These categories showed an educational process that contributes to the integral formation of those who practice the activities in a non-formal education environment. The investigation demonstrated that there is a learning process for the leisure activities scheduled in hotels.

Brazilian adaptation of the Hotel Task: a tool for the ecological assessment of executive functions / Adaptação brasileira da tarefa do hotel: uma ferramenta para a avaliação ecológica das funções executivas

Over recent years, neuropsychological research has been increasingly concerned with the need to develop more ecologically valid instruments for the assessment of executive functions. The Hotel Task is one of the most widely used ecological measures of executive functioning, and provides an assessment of planning, organization, self-monitoring and cognitive flexibility. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to adapt the Hotel Task for use in the Brazilian population. METHODS: The sample comprised 27 participants (three translators, six expert judges, seven healthy adults, ten patients with traumatic brain injuries and one hotel manager). The adaptation process consisted of five steps, which were repeated until a satisfactory version of the task was produced. The steps were as follows: (1) Translation; (2) Development of new stimuli and brainstorming among the authors; (3) Analysis by expert judges; (4) Pilot studies; (5) Assessment by an expert in business administration and hotel management. RESULTS: The adapted version proved adequate and valid for the assessment of executive functions. However, further research must be conducted to obtain evidence of the reliability, as well as the construct and criterion validity, sensitivity and specificity, of the Hotel Task. CONCLUSION: Many neurological and/or psychiatric populations may benefit from the adapted task, since it may make significant contributions to the assessment of dysexecutive syndromes and their impact on patient functioning. .

A busca por validade ecológica dos instrumentos neuropsicológicos vem recebendo uma atenção especial nos últimos anos, especialmente daquelas ferramentas que avaliam funções executivas. A Tarefa do Hotel é uma das tarefas ecológicas de exame executivo mais reconhecida internacionalmente, por examinar planejamento, organização, automonitoramento e flexibilidade cognitiva. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o processo de adaptação da Tarefa do Hotel para uma versão brasileira. MÉTODO: A amostra constitui-se de 27 indivíduos (três tradutores, seis juízes especialistas, sete adultos saudáveis, dez pacientes pós traumatismocranioencefálico e um gerente de hotel). Cinco etapas foram conduzidas, replicadas ao longo do processo: (1) tradução, (2) desenvolvimento de novos estímulos e brainstorming entre os autores, (3) análise de juízes especialistas em neuropsicologia, (4) estudos pilotos e (5) julgamento de expert em administração e hotelaria. RESULTADO: A versão adaptada mostrou-se adequada e válida para avaliar componentes executivos, sendo necessários estudos futuros em busca de evidências de fidedignidade, validades de construto e de critério, sensibilidade e especificidade, considerando-se as particularidades de uma ferramenta ecológica. CONCLUSÃO: Muitas populações clínicas neurológicas e/ou psiquiátricas poderão se beneficiar do exame com a Tarefa do Hotel, por esta auxiliar no diagnóstico de síndrome disexecutiva relacionada à demanda de componentes executivos no cotidiano. .

Dietary survey and nutritional evaluation of one meal among the four-star hotel customers in Nanjing city / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the food intake of one meal of the hotel customers and evaluate it rationality ,then provide dietary suggestions .Methods Six hundreds hotel customers were investigated in 2 four‐star hotel and 2 five‐star hotel of Nanjing , who were selected with a stratified sampling method .Their 5 days diet were investigated and then the dietary intake ,the percentage of energy from protein ,fat and carbohydrate and the percentage of protein resource were calculated based on the food composition table .Results It was shown that the daily energy intake of one meal was appropriate among the surveyed hotel customers ,and the energy proportion from 3 major nutrients were not reasonable ,and the energy proportion from fat were higher than other 2 major nutrients ;the proportion from the source of good proteins was reasonable ,but the intake of protein was too much;the customers fell short on their daily serving of grains ,eggs ,beans and milk products and the intake of cooking oil and salt was excessive in diets . Their intake of fat ,protein ,retinol equivalent ,niacin ,vitamin E ,sodium and iron were too much .Instead ,they ate less ascorbic acid;only the intake of energy ,riboflavin and thiamine were appropriate .Conclusion The one meal dietary structure of hotel customers is not appropriate ,while nutrition collocation is not reasonable .It is necessary to promote nutrition and health education and some intervention measures must be taken .

The association between shift work and depression in hotel workers

BACKGROUND: Shift work is vital in hotel businesses as these businesses run 24 h daily regardless of holidays to accommodate customers. The number of shift workers in hotel businesses is expected to increase consistently and it is crucial to study the impact of shift work on hotel workers' mental health. This study, therefore, aims to examine the association between depression and shift work in hotel workers. It especially focuses on investigating whether there is a difference in how closely these two are related depending on shift types. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 768 hotel workers who worked at two first-class hotels in Seoul. Out of 659 respondents total (response rate of 85.8 %), 506 respondents were selected as the final research subjects, excluding 153 respondents whose responses were incomplete. The survey was composed of questionnaires related to general characteristics, work-related characteristics, shift work, shift type, and depression level. The Korean Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was used to evaluate the subjects' depression level. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted with depression as a dependent variable and shift type as an independent variable after relevant general and work-related characteristics were adjusted to examine the relationship between shift type and depression. RESULTS: After adjustment for relevant general and work-related characteristics, hotel workers had a significantly higher likelihood of belonging to the depression group than those with a fixed day shift, across all three shift types: rotating day shift (OR = 2.22, 95 % CI = 1.05-4.61), rotating night shift (OR = 2.63, 95 % CI = 1.11-6.24), and fixed night shift (OR = 3.46, 95 % CI = 1.02-11.74). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that shift work was significantly related to depression in hotel workers and the risk of depression clearly differed among shift types. In particular, fixed night shift workers were most vulnerable to depression. Rotating day shift workers without night work could also have a higher risk of depression.

Avaliação das Boas Práticas na Produção de Refeições na Rede Hoteleira de Belo Horizonte, MG / Good Practices in the Production of Meals in Hotels of Belo Horizonte, MG

O turismo e o setor hoteleiro estão em constante crescimento no Brasil, uma vez que o país tem sido um importante destino turístico, além dos eventos internacionais que vêm ocorrendo nestes últimos anos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicação das boas práticas na produção de refeições em hotéis de Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais. Para isso, foi preenchido um formulário para caracterizar o estabelecimento e aplicada a lista de verificação das Boas Práticas de Fabricação contida na Resolução 275/2002. Participaram do estudo dez hotéis da cidade e em apenas 30% havia um profissional como responsável técnico. Ao aplicar a lista de verificação, observou-se que seis estabelecimentos (60%) foram classificados no grupo I e quatro (40%) no grupo II, sendo a média de adequação de 76,4%. O bloco que avaliou a produção e o transporte de alimentos foi o que obteve o maior percentual de adequação (85,3%) e o bloco de documentação foi o que obteve o menor percentual (45,2%). Conclui-se que a maioria dos hotéis avaliados atendeu de forma satisfatória as Boas Práticas de Fabricação, porém pontos importantes não estavam de acordo com a legislação vigente. A presença de um responsável técnico neste tipo de estabelecimento, prioritariamente um nutricionista, poderia auxiliar na implantação e supervisão de todos os processos relacionados ao controle de qualidade.

Tourism and the hotel industry are constantly growing in Brazil, due to this country is an important tourist destination, and also in view of all the international events in recent years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate good meal production practices at hotels located in Belo Horizonte - State of Minas Gerais. For that purpose, a form was filled out to characterize each establishment. The Good Manufacturing Practices checklist provided in Resolution No. 275/2002 was also applied. Ten hotels in that city joined the study and only 30% of them counted on a professional as a technician in charge. When applying that checklist, it could be verified that six establishments (60%) were classified as in group I and four (40%) as in group II, and the average compliance rate was 76.4%. The group in charge of evaluation food production and transportation obtained the highest compliance percentage (85.3%), and the one evaluating documentation obtained the lowest percentage (45.2%). Therefore, most of the evaluated hotels satisfactorily met the Good Manufacturing Practices; however, a few key points were not compliant with the laws in force. Counting on a technician in charge at this kind of establishment, in particular a nutritionist, may help them implement and supervise all quality control-related processes.

Fatigue and related factors among hotel workers: the effects of emotional labor and non-standard working hours

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed fatigue and its association with emotional labor and non-standard working hours among hotel workers. METHODS: A structured self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 1,320 employees of five hotels located in Seoul. The questionnaire survey included questions concerning the participants' sociodemographics, health-related behaviors, job-related factors, emotional labor, and fatigue. Fatigue was assessed using the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS). Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to determine the associations between fatigue and emotional labor. RESULTS: Among male workers, there was a significant association between fatigue and both emotional disharmony (OR=5.52, 95% CI=2.35-12.97) and emotional effort (OR=3.48, 95% CI=1.54-7.86). These same associations were seen among the female workers (emotional disharmony: OR=6.91, 95% CI=2.93-16.33; emotional effort: OR=2.28, 95% CI=1.00-5.16). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that fatigue is associated with emotional labor and, especially, emotional disharmony among hotel workers. Therefore, emotional disharmony management would prove helpful for the prevention of fatigue.

Effect of Menu Calorie Labels on Menu Sales and Consumer's Recognition at a Korean Restaurant in a Hotel / 대한지역사회영양학회지

Effect of Menu Calorie Labels on Menu Sales and Consumer's Recognition at a Korean Restaurant in a Hotel The role of calorie information is to help consumers make healthier food choices. However, calorie information is generally unavailable in restaurants. Even in high-end hotel restaurants, which try to provide high quality foods and service, calorie labeling is not mandatory. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of calorie labeling on menu sales and consumer's recognition at a Korean restaurant in Kangwonland hotel. The calorie contents of 10 dishes sold in the restaurant were calculated using the food composition table. After making a new menu plate displaying calorie information, the new menu plate and old menu plate were provided every other week for 4 weeks. When we compared the sales between the periods of calorie labeled and calorie unlabeled, sales of 4 items among the 5 food items providing less than 1000 kcal, increased, however the 3 items among the menu providing more than 1000 kcal decreased. As the survey results of total 405 consumers (male n = 232, female n = 173) showed the new menu plate, 68.2% of subjects recognized calorie labeling on the menu plate. Among the subjects who recognized calorie labeling, 58.3% answered that calorie information affected their food choices. And most of them answered that they chose lower calorie foods based on the information provided. The results suggest that displaying calorie information on the menu plate at a Korean restaurant was effective in changing consumer's food choices.

Multiple regression as a preventive tool for determining the risk of Legionella spp / La técnica de regresión múltiple como herramienta preventiva para determinar el riesgo de Legionella sp / A técnica de regressão múltipla como uma ferramenta preventiva para determinar o risco de Legionella sp

Objective. To determine the interrelationship between health & hygiene conditions for prevention of legionellosis, the composition of materials used in water distribution systems, the water origin and Legionella pneumophila risk. Material and methods. Include a descriptive study and multiple regression analysis on a sample of golf course sprinkler irrigation systems (n=31) pertaining to hotels located on the Costa del Sol (Malaga, Spain). The study was carried out in 2009. Results. Presented a significant lineal relation, with all the independent variables contributing significantly (p<0.05) to the model's fit. The relationship between water type and the risk of Legionella, as well as the material composition and the latter, is lineal and positive. In contrast, the relationship between health-hygiene conditions and Legionella risk is lineal and negative. Conclusion. The characterization of Legionella pneumophila concentration, as defined by the risk in water and through use of the predictive method, can contribute to the consideration of new influence variables in the development of the agent, resulting in improved control and prevention of the disease.

Objetivo. Determinar el riesgo de Legionella pneumophila en relación a las condiciones higiénico- sanitarias para la prevención de la legionelosis, la composición de los materiales conductores de agua y el origen de la misma. Material y métodos. Incluyen un estudio descriptivo y análisis de regresión múltiple realizado sobre una muestra de sistemas de riego por aspersión de campos de golf (n=31) correspondientes a hoteles ubicados en la Costa del Sol (Málaga, España). El estudio se realizó en el año 2009. Resultados. Mostraron una relación lineal significativa, contribuyendo todas las variables independientes significativamente (p<0,05) al ajuste del modelo. La relación entre el tipo de agua y el riesgo de Legionella y de la composición del material con esta última, es lineal y positiva. En cambio, es lineal y negativa para la relación entre las condiciones higiénico- sanitarias y el riesgo de Legionella. Conclusión. La caracterización de la concentración de Legionella pneumophila definida a través del riesgo de la misma en el agua y mediante el empleo del método predictivo, contribuye a la consideración de nuevas variables de influencia en el desarrollo del agente y a un mejor control y prevención de la enfermedad.

Objetivo. Determinar o risco de Legionella pneumophila em relação às condições higiénicas e sanitárias para a prevenção da legionelose, a composição dos materiais condutores da água e a origem da mesma. Materiais e métodos. Incluem uma pesquisa descritiva e uma análise de regressão múltipla realizada em uma amostra de sistemas de irrigação por aspersão de campos de golfe (n = 31) para os hotéis situados na "Costa del Sol" (Málaga, Espanha). O estudo foi realizado em 2009. Resultados. Mostraram uma relação linear significativa, contribuindo todas as variáveis independentes significativamente (p <0,05) ao ajuste do modelo. A relação entre o tipo de água e o risgo de Legionella, assim como a composição do material com esta última, é linear e positiva. Por outro lado, é linear e negativa para a relação entre as condições higiénicas e sanitárias e o risco de Legionella. Conclusão. A caracterização da concentração de Legionella pneumophila definida através do risco da mesma na água e mediante o uso do método preditivo, contribui para a consideração de novas variáveis que influenciam no desenvolvimento do agente e a um melhor controle e prevenção da doença.

A gente fica muito tempo aqui dentro: reflexões sobre o trabalho de gerentes, recepcionistas e camareiras de hotéis / We stay in here too long: reflecting on the work of hotel managers, receptionists and maids

Partindo da premissa da centralidade do trabalho na vida das pessoas, o objetivo deste artigo foi compreender as relações entre os sentidos atribuídos ao trabalho e as condições concretas vividas por trabalhadores. Para isso, foram conduzidas 11 entrevistas em profundidade com gerentes, recepcionistas e camareiras de dois hotéis na cidade de Ribeirão Preto (SP), visando apreender a ótica dos próprios trabalhadores. As análises dos depoimentos possibilitam concluir que: a) os objetivos de vida dos entrevistados estão diretamente vinculados aos sentidos que eles atribuem ao trabalho; b) o trabalho é extenso e intenso, comprometendo o equilíbrio entre trabalho e vida pessoal; e c) os salários não condizem nem com as exigências de disponibilidade e de dedicação à empresa, nem com os objetivos de vida almejados.

Assuming the centrality of work in peoples’ lives, this article aims to understand the living conditions of workers, from their point of view, through eleven in-depth interviews done with hotel managers, receptionists and maids of two hotels in the city of Ribeirão Preto, in the state of São Paulo. The analysis of the interviews leads to the following results: a) life objectives of the interviewed are directly connected to the feelings they have towards their work; b) the work is extensive and intensive, jeopardizing life-work balance; c) wages neither match the availability and dedication demanded by the company nor with aspired life objectives.