Formação do salário mínimo e os mínimos sociais necessários: sobre os direitos sociais e os impactos no 'Brasil de Bolsonaro' / Formation of the minimum wage and the necessary social minimums: on social rights and the impacts in 'Bolsonaro's Brazil'

Vislumbramos contribuir para o debate sobre os mínimos sociais e necessidades humanas no Brasil atual, onde o primeiro decreto do governo Bolsonaro resolveu sobre o Salário Mínimo. Fundamenta este artigo a Teoria Marxista da Dependência com a categoria superexploração, bem como as categorias mínimos sociais e necessidades humanas. O acirramento da precarização da vida e do trabalho, aliada a retirada de direitos, conformam um contexto que faz ampliar as expressões da questão social. Nesse interim, fica a reflexão sobre a atuação profissional, a fim de conjugar forças e resistências para o enfrentamento ao avanço do capital sobre as vidas humanas e da natureza

We aim to contribute to the debate on social minimums and human needs in present-day Brazil, where the initial decree of the Bolsonaro government addressed the Minimum Wage. This article is grounded in the Marxist Theory of Dependence, utilizing the concept of superexploitation, along with the categories of social minimums and human needs. The exacerbation of life and labor precarity, coupled with the erosion of rights, shapes a context that further magnifies the expressions of the social question. In the midst of this, there lies a reflection on professional engagement, with the goal of uniting forces and resistance to confront the encroachment of capital upon human lives and nature

El parto humanizado como necesidad para la atención integral a la mujer / Humanized Childbirth:Vital Need for Comprehensive Care of Women

Introducción: Desde el siglo XX, comienza el interés respecto a la forma en que los seres humanos eran traídos al mundo. Autores cubanos en 2014 propusieron brindar una atención de salud con calidad, con elevado nivel de satisfacción de las mujeres y familias. Al tomar como referencia este tema para ser dirigirlo al equipo de salud que atiende a la mujer durante el proceso del parto. Objetivo: Reforzar el conocimiento teórico del equipo de salud sobre la humanización al parto, que transforme, en la práctica asistencial, la atención integral a la mujer. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática para desarrollar un análisis crítico reflexivo del contenido de documentos. La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos SciELO y Google académico de mayo a julio del 2016. Tras la identificación de los estudios pre-seleccionados, se llevó a cabo la lectura de los títulos, resúmenes y palabras clave, comprobando la pertinencia con el estudio. Conclusión: Se realizó un análisis histórico de la humanización del parto. Este acercamiento reforzará los aportes al equipo de salud que atiende a la mujer durante este proceso al ofrecer un material que transita desde los orígenes de las corrientes humanistas hasta la importancia de este enfoque para la mujer y el equipo de salud durante el proceso de parto(AU)

Introduction: In 2014, Cuban authors proposed offering quality health care with a high level of satisfaction for women and families, taking this issue as a reference and treating it with the health team that attends to the woman during the birth process. Objective: Reinforce the theoretical knowledge of the health team on the humanization of birth so that transforms comprehensive care to women at clinical practice. Methods: We carried out a systematic literature review to develop a reflexive critical analysis of the documents. We worked with SciELO and Google academic databases from May to July 2016. After the identification of the pre-selected studies, we carefully read titles, abstracts and keywords verifying the pertinence with the study. Conclusion: A historical analysis of the evolution of labor and its humanization was carried out. This approach will reinforce the contributions to the health team that cares for women during the delivery process by offering a material that covers the origins of the humanist currents in childbirth care and the importance of this approach for women and the team health during the childbirth process(AU)

Justiça como práxis, capacidades humanas e saúde / Justice as praxis, human capabilities and health

Este trabalho objetiva discutir uma perspectiva de justiça voltada para as capacidades e necessidades dos indivíduos e sua aplicação no campo da saúde. Na introdução, são feitas duas observações gerais, com o intuito de contextualizar o tema da justiça distributiva ou social. Em seguida, explicita-se a visão ontológica dos seres humanos adotada nesta reflexão, baseada nos escritos do jovem Karl Marx. Em terceiro lugar, defende-se uma perspectiva da justiça - entendida como práxis - e sua aplicação no campo da saúde. Finalmente, são feitas algumas considerações, ressaltando a importância de estudos que conectem as reflexões sobre as teorias de justiça contemporâneas e as políticas públicas e, em especial, no campo da Saúde Coletiva, a partir da tradição marxista...

This article discusses a perspective of justice focused on the capabilities and needs of individuals and their application in the field of health. In the introduction, two general observations are made in order to contextualize the theme of distributive or social justice. Next, the ontological view of human beings based on the writings of the young Karl Marx is outlined. Thirdly, a perspective of justice - understood as praxis - and its application in the field of health are defended. Finally, some concluding remarks are made, which emphasize the importance of studies that connect the reflections on contemporary theories of justice and public policy and in particular in the field of public health within the Marxist tradition...

Motivation among Physicians in Greek Public Health-Care Sector.

Aims: The aim of this study is to examine the issue of motivation of physicians employed at Greek public hospitals. Methodology: Through the review of relevant literature, an attempt to examine the trends in this issue in Greek public health care sector has been made. Various electronic databases were searched by the authors and through systematic selection 41 scientific articles, studies and electronic sources were identified, that this literature review is based on. The selection was based in two different criteria : for the theoretical background of the issue of motivation, articles and books that considered to be fundamental for the formulation of the subsequent theories were selected, while for the relevant to the main research question literature (motivation in Greek physicians) the most recent data were selected. Results: Motivation of doctors is a highly complex issue that presents an intense differentiation compared with other aspects of staff handling. According to the literature, financial incentives cannot by themselves motivate physicians. On the contrary, the development and utilization of incentives that are associated with achievement of goals, possibility of professional development and recognition in the workplace, appears more effective. Conclusion: Proper diagnosis of the needs of the doctors in the hospital and the selection of appropriate techniques, as these arise through various theories of motivation, can help in the efficiency and efficacy of health care services. Especially in a time of prolonged economic downturn, while the health needs of the population are increased and budgetary constraints compound the difficulties of their effective coverage, searching for administration models that will be able to take full advantage of material and human resources are inevitably in the spotlight of our interest.

Servicios de Salud en Ecuador, Entre lo Biológico, Cultural y Social

El artículo intenta mostrar la relación entre dos exigencias de la Constitución ecuatoriana de 2008: los principios ancestrales del "Sumak Kawsay" o Buen Vivir y el Sistema Nacional de Salud, el primero equivalente a "salud" como óptima calidad de vida basada en la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas individuales, grupales o culturales y sociales, el segundo como adecuado o no a dichos planteamientos. Se estudió dicha relación mediante una encuesta con los profesionales de salud de los servicios de poblaciones, rurales y urbanas, del sur ecuatoriano. Se encontró que la biomedicina no se coordina con la Atención Primaria de Salud, ni con los principios ancestrales, por lo que el Estado no define aún un adecuado Sistema Nacional de Salud. Se concluye que hay falta de relación entre lo biológico, cultural y social, pues, sólo existen protocolos clínicos pero hay ausencia de normas para lo cultural y lo social. El sistema no es aún integral al no incluir y relacionar lo biomédico con lo cultural y social.

The article intends to show the relationship among two components of the Ecuadorian constitution of 2008: the ancestral "Sumak Kawsay" principles of Well Being and the National Health System, the first one equivalent to health as best quality of life or welfare based on satisfaction of individual, cultural and social needs, and the second the adequacy of the system to such a principles. The relationship was studied through a qualitative survey with health professionals in rural and urban southern Ecuadorian populations. It was founded that biomedicine was not coordinated with Primary Health Care, neither with the ancestral principles, so the State had not already an adequate health system. The conclusion established that there is not a relationship among biological, cultural and social issues. There are only protocols for the clinical issues but not for the cultural and social ones, as protocols were only for clinical purposes, but not for cultural and social cases. The system is not yet integrated with such issues.

Proceso enfermero de un adolescente que presenta alucinaciones por síndrome de deleción 22q11 / Infirmary process in an adolescent presenting hallucinations due to 22q11 deletion syndrome", "_i": "

El estudio de caso basado teóricamente con el modelo de VirginiaHenderson permite vislumbrar la vinculación teórico-prácticade la disciplina de enfermería; esta revisión incluye comovariables las necesidades humanas alteradas en un adolescenteen el período postoperatorio tardío de cirugía cardíaca con síndromede deleción 22q11 que según la literatura es manifestadopor dismorfia facial distintiva, déficit intelectual y alteracionespsiquiátricas; estos datos clínicos fueron identificados a travésde una valoración, la cual permitió establecer el estado de salud,causas de dependencia, nivel de relación y un plan de cuidadoenfermero orientado hacia la recuperación e integraciónde la persona a su entorno social.

The case-study theoretically based upon Viginia Henderson’smodel (Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory) allows viewing thetheoretical-practical relationship in infirmary discipline. This reviewincludes, as the studied variables, the altered human needsin an adolescent presenting 22q11 deletion syndrome during thelate post-operative period at cardiac surgery. According to the literature,the aforementioned syndrome is manifested by distinctivefacial dysmorphism, intellectual deficit, and psychiatric alterations.This clinical data were identified through an assessment,which allowed to establish health condition, dependence causes,relation level, and a infirmary care plan directed to the patient’srecovery and integration into his/her social background.