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OBJETIVO: Determinar los riesgos y beneficios del uso de vigabatrina comparada con hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH) para el tratamiento de espasmos infantiles. MÉTODO: Se realizó una búsqueda en Epistemonikos. Se extrajeron datos desde las revisiones identificadas. Se realizó un metaanálisis a partir de estudios primarios y se utilizó el método GRADE para la presentación de resultados. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron nueve revisiones sistemáticas. Se observó que el uso de vigabatrina en comparación con ACTH disminuye la resolución de espasmos (RR 0,8, IC 95% 0,65 - 0,98) y podría disminuir la resolución de hipsarritmia (RR 0,71, IC 95% 0,48 - 1,05). No fue posible determinar si el uso de vigabatrina disminuye el riesgo de desarrollar efectos adversos (RR 0,75, IC 95% 0,23 - 2,45) por certeza de evidencia muy baja. CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia parece inclinarse a favor del uso de ACTH. Sin embargo debe considerarse la necesidad de nuevas investigaciones para esclarecer su seguridad.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the risks and benefits of the use of vigabatrin compared to ACTH for the treatment of infantile spasms. METHOD: A search in Epistemonikos was performed. Data were extracted from the identified reviews. A meta-analysis was performed from primary studies and the GRADE method was used to present the results. RESULTS: Nine systematic reviews were identified. Vigabatrin use compared to ACTH was found to decrease resolution of spasms (RR 0.8, 95% CI 0.65 - 0.98) and might decrease resolution of hypsarrhythmia (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0 .48 - 1.05). It was not possible to determine whether the use of vigabatrin reduces the risk of developing adverse effects (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.23 - 2.45) due to very low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence seems to lean in favor of the use of ACTH. However, the need for new research should be considered to clarify its safety.
Subject(s)
Humans , Spasms, Infantile/drug therapy , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/therapeutic use , Vigabatrin/therapeutic use , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , GRADE ApproachABSTRACT
Se realiza una revisión de las características electroencefalográficas de los espasmos infantiles, espasmos epilépticos o síndrome de West, y otras entidades relacionadas con este. Se enfatiza en los patrones más frecuentes, fundamentalmente en los 2 tipos de hipsarritmia: clásica y periódica o fragmentada, observados en el síndrome anteriormente mencionado. Se comenta en relación con el trazado de suppression-burst o paroxismos-supresión, y su correlación con los síndromes de Ohtahara, y Aicardi y Goutières, descritos respectivamente en 1976 y 1978. Se aclara que estos 2 patrones no son exclusivos de estos síndromes, y pueden ser observados en otras entidades en el neonato, como la encefalopatía anóxica isquémica, la meningitis neonatal bacteriana y trastornos metabólicos, entre otros.
A review was made on the encephalographic characteristics of infantile spasms, epileptic spasms, or West syndrome, and other related entities. Emphasis was made on the most frequent patterns, mainly the two types of hypsarrhythmia, classical and periodic, and fragmented, which are observed in this syndrome. Likewise, comments were made on the suppression-burst or burst-suppression tracing and its correlation with Ohtahara, and Aicardi and Goutières syndromes that were described in 1976 and 1978, respectively. It was clarified that these two patterns are not exclusive of these syndromes and may be also observed in other illnesses affecting the neonates such as anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, neonatal bacterial meningitis and metabolic disorders, among others.
Subject(s)
Humans , Spasms, Infantile/diagnosis , Electroencephalography/methodsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy and electroencephalogram(EEG)changes quantitatively after the ketogenic diet (KD) by single sample entropy (SampEn) in the treatment of infantile spasms (IS),and to learn the quantitative relationship between the clinical efficacy and EEG.Methods Patients diagnosed as IS were enrolled and started KD in Shenzhen Children's Hospital from April 2010 to December 2013.The SampEn of EEG data in these patients before and after treatment with KD were analyzed.Patients were classified as seizure-free group and non-seizure-free group according to the therapeutic responsiveness to KD.The SampEn findings from two groups were compared to explore the effect of KD on EEG and its related factors.Results Among 35 patients,more than 2 months of treatment,10 cases were seizure free,25 cases still had seizures.SampEn was 0.377 ± 0.246 before treatment,and 0.725 ± 0.405 after treatment in all patients,there was significant difference (Z =-4.351,P =0.000).SampEn was 0.342 ± 0.277 before treatment,and 0.929 ± 0.379 after treatment in seizure free group,there was significant difference between 2 groups(Z =-3.371,P =0.001).While SampEn was 0.391 ± 0.237 before treatment,and 0.643 ± 0.393 after treatment in non-seizure free group,there was a significant difference between 2 groups(Z =-3.371,P =0.001).The mental and motor development was improved after KD with improvement rate were 56％ (14/25 cases) and 70％ (7/10 cases),respectively,but there was no statistical difference(P =0.704).Conclusions No matter seizures are controlled or not,KD can increase the complexity of electrical activity in the brain,which was more obvious in the seizure-free group.Intellectual and movement development can be improved in patients with KD.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of different doses of prednisone combined with topiramate(TPM) in the treatment of infantile spasms(IS),in order to provide a new choice of the therapy of IS.Methods Fifty-six cases were collected in the Department of Neurology of Jiangxi Children's Hospital from May.2011 to Dec.2012.They were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group and trial group.The patients in control group took prednisone tablet of 1 mg/kg,2 times a day for 2 weeks;and the patients in trial group took prednisone tablet of 10 mg/ d,4 times a day for 2 weeks.In addition,TPM was used in both groups by initial dose 1 mg/(kg · d) or 2 times a day,and then was gradually increased to 3-5 mg/(kg · d) within 2 weeks.For those children in whom the spasms seizure completely ceased after 2 weeks,prednisone was then reduced by degrees to be discontinued for a 7-weeks course(extending to 4 weeks with the initial doses if spasms continued after 2 weeks).All patients underwent the assessment of spasms seizure and a 3-12 h video-electroencephalogram monitoring including wake and sleep states,which were performed before treatment,after 2 weeks and the end of the courses (7 or 9 weeks after treatment),respectively.Meanwhile,the side effects of the drugs during the treatment were recorded.The developmental quotient (DQ) tests of children with complete cessation of spasms more than 6 months were performed before treatment and after 6 months.All patients had been followed up for 2-18 months.Results 1.After 2 weeks of the therapy,the rate of cessation of spasms were 75.00％ (21/28 cases) and 28.57％ (8/28 cases) in the trial group and the control group,respectively,there was significant difference (x2 =12.087,P =0.001).And in the same term,the rate of complete resolution of hypsrrhythmia were 60.71％ (17/28 cases) and 21.43 ％ (6/28 cases),respectively,there was significant difference (x2 =8.928,P =0.003).At the end of treatment,the rate of cessation of spasms were 67.86％ (19/28 cases) and 35.71％ (10/28 cases) in the trial group and control group,respectively,there was significant difference (x2 =5.793,P =0.016).And in the mean time,the rate of complete resolution of hypsrrhythmia were 57.14％ (16/28 cases) and 14.29％ (4/28 cases),respectively,there was significant difference (x2 =11.200,P =0.001).2.Weight gain and increased appetite were the most frequent side effects.The incidence of side effects were 82.14％ (23/28 cases) and 67.86％ (19/28 cases) in the trial group and control group,respectively,there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =1.524,P =0.217).No death occurred in this clinical trail and no one discontinued the treatment protocol as result of the adverse events.3.The recurrence rate in the trial group and the control group were 31.82％ and 72.73％,respectively.And there was significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =4.950,P =0.026).In the trial group,there were 9 cases with cessation of spasms more than 6 months,whose average business development values had no significant difference before and after treatment (t =2.271,P =0.053).Conclusion The efficacy of large-dose prednisone combined with TPM for IS was significantly better than that of conventional dose prednisone combined with TPM.
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El síndrome de West es una encefalopatía epiléptica pediátrica dependiente de la edad caracterizada por la tríada clásica de: espasmos epilépticos, patrón hipsarrítmico y retraso mental. Se inicia en la mayoría de los pacientes durante el 1er año de vida, con una incidencia entre los 3 y 12 meses de edad. Presenta varias etiologías: criptogénica, idiopática y sintomática. El objetivo de la investigación es describir la presentación clínica del Síndrome de West en nuestro medio, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento empleado. El estudio realizado es de tipo observacional y de corte transversal. El universo comprende 377 pacientes menores de 2 años con Epilepsia que acudieron al consultorio de Neurología Pediátrica del Hospital del Niño Manuel Ascencio Villarroel del Complejo Hospitalario Viedma de Cochabamba-Bolivia, del 1ero de enero de 2010 a 31 de diciembre de 2013. La Muestra son los 12 pacientes que fueron diagnosticados con Síndrome de West. En los resultados se destaca: que los 12 pacientes cumplían con la triada clásica de la enfermedad, siendo el 100% sintomático, correspondiendo al género femenino 8 y 4 al masculino. La edad en la que se hizo el diagnóstico con mayor frecuencia fue de 9 a 12 meses. Se realizó una evaluación de los antecedentes perinatales y neonatales entre los que se destacan: 5 casos con embarazo pre término y 6 casos con asfixia perinatal. Se realizaron pruebas diagnósticas complementarias con: tomografía axial computarizada y electroencefalograma. Se concluye que la presentación clínica del Síndrome de West en nuestro medio es sintomática en los 12 casos encontrados, el diagnostico se basó en la clínica y exámenes complementarios. El tratamiento principalmente empleado es el ácido valproico, debido a que la Hormona Adenocorticotrópica no está disponible en nuestro país.
West syndrome is a pediatric epileptic encephalopathy dependent on age characterized by the classic triad of epileptic spasms and mental retardation hypsarrhythmic pattern. It begins in most patients during the 1 st year of life, with an incidence between 3 and 12 months of age. Presents various etiologies: cryptogenic, idiopathic and symptomatic. The aim of the research is to describe the clinical presentation of West syndrome the diagnosis and treatment used. The study is descriptive and cross-sectional.The universe comprises 377 patients younger than 2 years with epilepsy who attended the clinic of Pediatric Neurology Children's Hospital Manuel AscencioVillarroelViedma Hospital in Cochabamba, Bolivia, January 1, 2010 to December 31,2013. The shows are the 12 patients who were diagnosed with West syndrome. In the results emerged: the 12 patients met the classic triad of the disease, with 100% symptomatic, corresponding to 8 and 4 female to male. The age at which the diagnosis is most often made was 9 to 12 months. 5 cases with preterm pregnancy and 6 cases with perinatal asphyxia:evaluation of prenatal and neonatal history including highlights was performed. Computed tomography and electroencephalogram: Additional diagnostic tests were performed. It is concluded that the clinical presentation of West syndrome in our country is symptomatic in 12 cases found, the diagnosis was based on clinical and complementary examinations. Treatment is mainly used valproic acid because the adrenocorticotropic hormone is not available in our country.
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Infantile spasms (IS) is a type of epileptic encephalopathy with poor developmental outcomes. The goal of treatment is complete control of spasms, improvement of hypsarrhythmia, and rapid reversal of delayed development. Improvements in diagnosis can result in the selection of appropriate therapy, which can improve a patient's developmental outcomes. However, there is no consensus on the best initial treatment for IS. Here, we describe 6-month-old boy with severe periventricular leukomalacia, developmental regression, and hypsarrhythmic pattern on electroencephalography, who was successfully treated with intravenous methylprednisolone.
Subject(s)
Infant , Infant, Newborn , Consensus , Electroencephalography , Leukomalacia, Periventricular , Methylprednisolone , Spasm , Spasms, InfantileABSTRACT
El síndrome de West es un tipo de epilepsia que se presenta principalmente en edades tempranas, se caracteriza por la tríada clásica de espasmos epilépticos, retardo del desarrollo psicomotor y electroencefalograma hipsarrítmico, aunque uno de estos elementos puede estar ausente, desde el punto de vista etiológico se clasifica en idiopático, criptogénico y sintomático. El objetivo de la presente revisión es presentar las características mas importantes del síndrome de West, con las manifestaciones clínicas evidenciadas en una paciente; ya que es una patología poco frecuente en nuestro medio y es importante conocer sus características al momento de realizar el diagnóstico y su respectivo tratamiento...
West syndrome is a type of epilepsy that occurs mainly in early age, is characterized by the classic triad of epileptic spasms, psychomotor retardation and electroencephalogram with hypsarrhythmia, although one of these elements can be absent, from the etiological point of view is classified in idiopathic, cryptogenic and symptomatic. The objective of this review is to present the most important features of the West Syndrome, with the clinical manifestations evidenced in a patient, this is rare in our area and it is important to know their characteristics at the time of diagnosis and respective treatment...
Subject(s)
Epilepsy , Failure to Thrive , Spasms, Infantile , Colombia , TicsABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: A eficácia do ACTH no tratamento da Síndrome de West (SW) é extensivamente debatida na literatura, o mesmo ocorrendo em relação às doses, efeitos colaterais e protocolos de utilização. OBJETIVO: Revisar, analisar criticamente e discutir os achados das publicações mais recentes e relevantes relacionadas ao uso do ACTH no tratamento da SW. METODOLOGIA: Pesquisou-se as bases de dados MEDLINE e PUBMED, utilizando-se as palavras-chave ACTH e WEST SYNDROME, período de 1997 a 2007. RESULTADOS: Foram obtidos 96 títulos no MEDLINE e 158 no PUBMED, e dentre eles foram selecionados 22 publicações. Outros trabalhos anteriores ao período avaliado mas que apresentavam relevância especial no contexto desta revisão também foram incluídos. CONCLUSÕES: Há evidências de que o ACTH provavelmente apresente eficácia maior no controle imediato dos espasmos e da hipsarritmia. Entretanto, não há evidências concretas desta superioridade no longo prazo (controle de crises a longo prazo e interrrupção ou prevenção de comprometimento do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor).
INTRODUCTION: It is extensively discussed in the literature the efficacy of ACTH in West Syndrome (WS) as well, dosage, best protocols and side effects. OBJECTIVE: Analyze and discuss the most recent and relevant publication related to ACTH in patients with WS. METHODOLOGY: Literature publication was selected from MEDLINE and PUBMED between 1997 to 2007 using the following key words: "ACTH" and " West Syndrome". RESULTS: 96 titles were referral at medline and 158 at pubmed. 22 were selected and previous studies with special relevance were also included. CONCLUSIONS: There are evidences that ACTH probably has efficacy for immediately control of spasms and hypsarrhythmia. There is no evidence about the efficacy of ACTH in long term concerning seizures control and prevent delayed developmental).