The proportion of fine particles in pelleted diets does not affect the performance of slow-growing broiler chickens / La proporción de partículas finas en dietas peletizadas no afecta el desempeño del pollo de engorde de lento crecimiento / Proporção de partículas finas em dietas peletizadas não afeta o desempenho de frangos de corte com crescimento lento

Abstract Background: The slow-growing chicken strains have particular nutritional and digestive needs, so they may digest pelleted feeds differently compared to commercial strains. Objective: To evaluate performance, digestibility, serum biochemical profile, digestive morphometry, carcass and cut yields of slow-growing broiler chickens fed pelleted feed with different concentrations of fine particles. Methods: A total of 180 slow-growing broiler chicks (Isa Label strain) aged one day were used. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (Sex: male or female; Proportion of fine particles: 0, 50, or 100%), with six repetitions of five birds/cage. The birds received water and feed ad libitum during the 28-day experimental period. Results: The proportion of fine particles did not affect the metabolic, digestive or productive variables evaluated. Males showed better overall performance, while females produced better thigh and liver yields. Conclusion: The proportion of fine particles in pelleted feeds did not affect productive or metabolic parameters. Thus, improving pellet quality for slow-growing broilers during the initial rearing phase may not be justified.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los linajes de pollo de crecimiento lento presentan particularidades nutricionales y digestivas; por lo tanto, es posible que aprovechen los alimentos peletizados de manera diferente a los linajes comerciales. Objetivo: evaluar el desempeño, digestibilidad, perfil sérico bioquímico, morfometría digestiva, rendimiento de la carcasa y los cortes de pollos de engorde de crecimiento lento alimentados con raciones peletizadas con diferentes concentraciones de partículas finas. Métodos: Se utilizaron 180 pollitos machos y hembras, de crecimiento lento, de un día de edad, del linaje Isa Label. Los animales se distribuyeron en un diseño completamente aleatorizado y en un esquema factorial 2 x 3 (Sexo: macho y hembras; Proporción de partículas finas en la ración: 0, 50, y 100%) con seis repeticiones de cinco aves/jaula. Las aves recibieron agua y ración ad libitum durante el período de prueba de 28 días. Resultados: la proporción de partículas finas no afectó las variables metabólicas, digestibles y productivas evaluadas. Los machos presentaron mejor desempeño, mientras que las hembras tuvieron mayor rendimiento de muslos e hígado. Conclusión: la proporción de partículas finas en raciones peletizadas no afecta los parámetros productivos y metabólicos. Por lo tanto, probablemente no se justifica mejorar la calidad del pelet para pollos de crecimiento lento en la fase inicial de cría.

Resumo Antecedentes: linhagens de crescimento lento apresentam particularidades nutricionais e digestivas, portanto é possível que aproveitem os alimentos peletizados de maneira diferente das linhagens comerciais. Objetivo: avaliar o desempenho, digestibilidade dos alimentos, o perfil sérico bioquímico, a morfometria digestiva, rendimento de carcaça e cortes de frangos de corte com crescimento lento alimentados com rações peletizadas com diferentes concentrações de partículas finas. Métodos: Foram utilizados 180 pintos de corte, machos e fêmeas de crescimento lento, com um dia de idade, da linhagem Isa Label. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (Sexo: macho e fêmeas; Proporção de partículas finas na ração: 0, 50, e 100%) com seis repetições de cinco aves/gaiola. As aves receberam água e ração ad libtum durante o período experimental de 28 dias. Resultados: a proporção de partículas finas não afetou as variáveis metabólicas, digestórias e produtivas avaliadas. Os machos apresentaram melhor desempenho, enquanto as fêmeas tiverem maior rendimento de coxas e fígado. Conclusão: a proporção de partículas finas nas rações peletizadas não afetaram os parâmetros produtivos e metabólicos e, portanto, não justifica-se melhorias na qualidade de peletes de rações para frangos de crescimento lento na fase inicial de criação.

Comparison of Immunogenic Effect of Three Oil Adjuvant Vaccines against Haemorrhagic Septicaemia in Cattle and Buffalo

Haemorrhagic Septicaemia is one of the most common, fatal and acute bacterial diseases of livestock which causes mortality above 70% and is caused by Pasteurella multocida. The only satisfactory and practical method of control and prevention is timely vaccination of all the healthy and in contact animals. Different types of vaccines are being used for the immunity against this disease. In this project three oil based vaccines were produced. Two single emulsion vaccines were prepared by utilizing Montanide ISA-50 and liquid paraffin with lanolin where as one double emulsion with the help of Montanide ISA-206 was prepared. In house quality control testing and safety testing was performed on swiss albino mice. For immune titre IHA was performed by collecting serum from each and every animal including control animals. The comparison of IHA was done via statistical analysis by using GMT, Single emulsion vaccine prepared from liquid paraffin with lanolin gave maximum immune titre out of all the three vaccines in large animals and in young calves ISA 206 gave a significant titre.

Importance-satisfaction analysis of street food sanitation and choice factor in Korea and Taiwan

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated Korean and Taiwan adults on the importance of and the satisfaction with street food sanitation and street food choice factor, in order to present management and improvement measures for street foods. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The present study conducted a survey on 400 randomly chosen adults (200 Korean, 200 Taiwanese). General characteristics, eating habits, street food intake frequency, and preference by type of street food of respondents were checked. Respondents' importance and satisfaction of street food hygiene and selection attributes were also measured. In order to test for the difference between groups, chi2-test and t-test were performed. ISA was also performed to analyze importance and satisfaction. RESULTS: Results showed that the importance of sanitation was significantly higher than satisfaction on all items in both Korea and Taiwan, and the satisfaction with sanitation was higher in Taiwan than in Korea. According to ISA results with street food sanitation, satisfaction was low while importance was high in both Korea and Taiwan. In terms of street food choice factor, importance scores were significantly higher than satisfaction scores on all items. In addition, satisfaction scores on all items except 'taste' were significantly higher in Taiwan than in Korea. CONCLUSIONS: A manual on sanitation management of street foods should be developed to change the knowledge and attitude toward sanitation by putting into practice a regularly conducted education. Considering the popularity of street foods and its potential as a tourism resource to easily publicize our food culture, thorough management measures should be prepared on sanitation so that safe street food culture should be created.

Formulação de ração para frangos de corte de crescimento lento utilizando valores de energia metabolizável dos ingredientes determinada com linhagens de crescimento lento e rápido / Feed formulation for slow-growing broilers using metabolizable energy values of food determined with strains of slow-and-fast-growing

Com este trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da formulação de rações para frangos de corte de crescimento lento, com a utilização de valores de energia metabolizável (EMAn) dos alimentos determinados por linhagens de crescimento rápido e lento, sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça, biometria de órgãos digestórios e valores energéticos das rações experimentais. Utilizaram-se 72 pintos de um dia, machos, da linhagem Isa Label, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos (energia dos alimentos) e seis repetições de seis animais cada. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os tratamentos consistiram na formulação de rações baseadas na energia do milho e no farelo de soja determinados com frangos Cobb (EMAn Cobb) e Isa Label (EMAn Isa Label). O experimento foi conduzido na fase inicial, e as aves consumiram as dietas por 28 dias. A formulação da dieta baseada na EMAn Cobb e Isa Label não afetou o desempenho, a biometria de órgãos digestórios e as características de carcaça de aves de crescimento lento. Porém, a dieta formulada com a EMAn Isa Label resultou em melhor conversão calórica e menor deposição de gordura abdominal na carcaça das aves. EMAn da ração semelhante ao nível calculado foi determinada com a formulação baseada na EMAn do milho e do farelo de soja determinada com a linhagem Isa Label (2.750 x 2.728 kcal/kg). Os valores de EMAn do milho e do farelo de soja determinados com aves Isa Label não afetam o desempenho dos frangos de crescimento lento, porém resultam em menor gordura abdominal, atendendo aos anseios dos consumidores de aves alternativas...

We conducted this work aiming to evaluate the effect of using the metabolizable energy of food, determined by different strains (AMEn Cobb and AMEn Isa Label), on diet formulation for slow growing broilers on the performance, carcass characteristics, biometrical morphometry measures of digestive organs and energetic values of the experimental diets. A total of 72 male broiler chickens, Isa Label, were used and the experiment followed a randomized blocks design with two treatments (feedstuff energy), and six replicates of six birds each. The averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The treatments consisted in formulating diets using the energy of corn and soybean meal determined by Cobb and Isa Label strains. The experiment was conducted in the starter phase and the birds consumed the diets for 28 days. The diet formulated based on AMEn Cobb or Isa Label did not affect the performance, biometrical and morphometry measures of digestive organs and carcass characteristics. However, the diet formulated according to AMEn Isa Label resulted in better caloric conversion, bioeconomic energetic conversion and lower deposition of abdominal fat. AMEn of the diets similar to those calculated levels were determined with the formulation based on AMEn of corn and soybean meal determined for the line Isa Label (2.750 x 2.728 kcal/kg). Values of AMEn of corn and soybean meal determined with Isa Label strains not affect the performance of slow growing broilers, but resulted in lower abdominal fat according to the desires of consumers for alternative poultry...

Adição de carotenóides naturais e artificiais na alimentação de galinhas poedeiras: efeitos na qualidade de ovos frescos e armazenados / Addition of natural and synthetic carotenoids, in hen feed: effects in the egg quality and storage

A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os atributos de qualidade e de durabilidade dos ovos de duas diferentes linhagens de poedeiras, com dietas contendo aditivos artificiais ou naturais, em diferentes períodos de armazenamento. Foram quantificadas durante o armazenamento as variáveis perda de peso, pH da gema e albúmen, gravidade específica, índice de gema (IG) e foi realizada também classificação por peso e Unidade Haugh (UH). Os resultados foram avaliados segundo teste de Tukey (P≤0,05). As linhagens diferiram quanto à classificação extra dos ovos, com maior porcentagem para a Isa Brown. Os ovos obtidos das poedeiras Carijó apresentaram maior porcentagem de gema (Carijó 30,66 e Isa-Brown 24,55). O tempo de armazenamento fez com que a porcentagem de gema aumentasse nas duas linhagens (Carijó 30,66 tempo zero para 34,85 depois de 36 dias; e Isa- Brown de 24,55 para 27,48). As dietas com aditivos artificiais ou naturais não influenciaram a porcentagem de clara ( por cento Clara 58,72 Controle; 59,52 Aditivo; 60,11 Urucum 1,5 por cento; 59,43 e de gema por centoGema 27,64 Controle; 27,90 Aditivo; 27,21 Urucum 1,5 por cento; 27,66 Urucum 2 por cento). O pH da clara diferiu entre os tratamentos no tempo inicial e aos 36 dias de armazenamento, mas o pH da gema não diferiu durante todo o armazenamento. O índice de gema diferiu nos tempos de armazenamento, mas não diferiu considerando os tratamentos. Em dietas com aditivos artificiais ou naturais, as linhagens e os tempos de armazenamento influenciam na qualidade e durabilidade dos ovos.

The research has the aim of evaluating quality and durability attributes of eggs from two hens lines feed with and without natural or synthetics additives, at several storage periods. During storage, weight lost, albumen and yolk pH, specific gravity andyolk index (IG) were quantified , as well as, weight classification and Haugh Unit (HU) The results were analyzed by Tukey test (P≤0.05). Quality differences are bigger by lines and storage time and the extra classification of eggs were higher for Isa Brown. The egg of Carijó hens presented more yolk percentage (Carijó 30.66 e Isa-Brown 24.55). The storage higher increased yolk percentage (Carijó 30.66 time zero for 34.85 after 36 days; and Isa- Brown 24.55 for 27.48). Two lines diets with natural or synthetics additives didn't influence the white and yolk percentage ( percentwhite 58.72 Control; 59.52 Aditive; 60.11 Urucum 1.5 percent; 59.43 e de yolk and 27.64 Control; 27.90 Aditive; 27.21 Urucum 1.5 percent; 27.66 Urucum 2 percent). Clear pH differs among treatments at initial time and at 36 days of storage, but the yolk pH didn't chage during all storage. The yolk index differed in the storage time, but not at treatments. So, it's possible to concluded that diets with natural and synthetics additives, lines and storage times had influenced quality and durability attributes in the eggs.

Preparation of andrographolide derivative ISA-loaded bile salt-phosphatidy-I choline-mixed micelles and pharmacokinetics evaluation in rats / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To prepare ISA-loaded bile salt-phosphatidylcholine-mixed micelles (ISA-BS/PC-MM) and study the release characteristics in vitro and pharmacokinetics in rats. METHODS : ISA-BS/PC-MM were prepared by film dispersion method. The formulation was optimized by the central composite design-response surface method. The release behaviors in vitro of the micelles were studied by dialysis method and its pharmacokinetic characteristics were studied by intrastric administration in rats. RESULTS: The drug concentration, entrapment efficiency, drug loading and average diameter of the optimized ISA-BS/PC-MM were 0.87 mg · mL-1, 86.34%, 4.87% and 148.3 nm, respectively. The release characteristics of ISA-BS/PC-MM were well fitted with Rither-Pep-pas equation. The pharmacokinetic data of ISA and I-SA-BS/PC-MM were in accord with two-compartment model. Compared with the original drug, micelles increased the absorption rate constant, shortened tmax, prolonged the elimination half-life and MRT, reduced the volume of distribution and clearance rate, and increased AUC. CONCLUSION ISA-loaded bile salt-phosphatidy-lcholine-mixed micelles can increase drug solubility and enhance bioavailability.

Subcutaneous immunization against Leishmania major - infection in mice: efficacy of formalin-killed promastigotes combined with adjuvants / Imunização subcutânea na infecção do camundongo pela Leishmania major: eficácia dos promastigotos mortos pela formalina combinada com adjuvantes

Formalin-killed promastigotes (FKP) of Leishmania major, in combination with Montanide ISA 720 (MISA), BCG or alum were used in vaccination of an inbred murine model against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Significant and specific increases in anti-FKP IgG responses were detected for both alum-FKP and BCG-FKP compared to MISA-FKP (p < 0.001). Significant increases in splenic lymphocyte recall proliferation was obtained in the MISA-FKP vaccinated mice compared to alum-FKP or BCG-FKP vaccinated groups (p < 0.01). The highest interferon-ã responses were observed in the BCG-FKP group followed by the MISA-FKP while the alum-FKP gave the least responses. Significantly reduced lesion sizes were obtained in the MISA-FKP group compared to the BCG/alum adjuvants-FKP vaccinated groups. Although the BCG-FKP group showed the highest IFN-ã responses, it failed to control cutaneous lesions. Significant reductions in parasite numbers were observed in the MISA-FKP and BCG-FKP vaccinated groups (p < 0.001). There was a good correlation between parasite burden and IFN-ã level indicating IFN-ã response as a sensitive parameter of the immune status. In conclusion, MISA-FKP is the most efficacious vaccine formulation against murine cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Promastigotos mortos pela formalina (FKP) de Leishmania major combinados com Montanide ISA 720 (MISA), BCG ou alumen foram usados na vacinação de modelo murino cutâneo de leishmaniose (CL). Aumento significante e específico de resposta IgG anti FKP foram detectados tanto no FKP com alumen como naquele com BCG comparados ao MISA-FKP (p < 0,001). Aumento significante da proliferação esplênica de linfócitos de memória foi obtida nos camundongos vacinados com MISA-FKP quando comparados aos grupos vacinados com alumen-FKP ou BCG-FKP (p < 0,01). As maiores respostas por interferon-gama foram observadas no grupo BCG-FKP seguido pelo MISA-FKP enquanto que o alumen-FKP deu a menor resposta. No grupo MISA-FKP foram obtidas reduções significantes do tamanho das lesões quando comparado aos grupos vacinados com BCG/adjuvante de alumen-FKP. Embora o grupo BCG-FKP tenha mostrado a maior resposta por interferon-gama, não houve controle das lesões cutâneas. Redução significante no número de parasitas foi observada tanto no grupo vacinado com MISA-FKP como no BCG-FKP (p < 0,001). Houve boa correlação entre a carga parasitária e o nível de interferon-gama indicando que a resposta do interferon-gama é parâmetro sensível do estado imunológico. Em conclusão, MISA-FKP é a forma mais eficaz de vacina contra a leishmaniose cutânea murina.

Effect of Isatin on the Activities of Antioxidase in PD Model Mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the possible mechanism of the neuroprotective action of isatin(ISA).METHODS:A total of 40 C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups:control group,model group,ISA(200 mg?kg-1 intragastrically) group,and selegiline(0.5 mg?kg-1 intraperitoneally) group.After pretreatment with drugs for 10 days,the latter 3 groups were given 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahyrdropyridine(MPTP) intraperitoneally to establish Parkinson's disease(PD) model,then the mice were put to death for the determination of the activities of MAO-B,SOD and GSH-px in blood serum and brain tissue.RESULTS:As compared with blank control group,the activity of MAO-B in model group increased slightly,while the activities of SOD and GSH-px decreased(P

Effect of 3,4-oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acidon free radical metabolism in the brain issue of rats subjected to middle cerebral artery thrombosis / 中国药理学通报

AIM To study effect of 3,4 oxo isopropylidene shikimic acid(ISA) on free radical metabolism in the brain issue of rats subjected to middle cerebral artery thrombosis.METHODS Adopt a middle cerebral artery thrombosis model to determine the activity of T SOD, Cu Zn SOD, MDA and GSH px of brain issue of rats by the way of colorimetry.RESULTS ISA 100 and 200 mg?kg -1 ig for 2 times in 24 hours raised the activity of T SOD;ISA 50, 100 and 200 mg?kg -1 ig,increased the activity of Cu Zn SOD and GSH px in rats brain issue ;ISA 50, 100 and 200 mg?kg -1 ig for 2 times in 24 hours,decreased the content of MDA in rats brain issue. CONCLUSIONS ISA protect brain issue from the ischemic damage by modifying the free radical metabolism.

Detection of anti-F(ab')_2 antibody in patients with SLE and evaluation of its clinical significance / 中国免疫学杂志

Anti-F(ab')_2 and anti-dsDNA-F(ab'):fragment(idiotype)Were prepared from digested normal human IgG and anti-dsDNA antibody with pepsin.Anti-F(ab')_2 antibody was determined by ELISA in 46 patients with SLE.A significant correlation between titers of anti-dsDNA-F(ab')_2 and anti-F(ab'):antibodies was observed.Results show high levels of anti-F(ab')_2 and low levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies in patients with remisson SLE activity.These findings suggest that the general IgG-F(ab')_2 antibodies and the anti-dsDNA-F(ab')_2 idiotypes in SLE sera may express some common structural epitopes.The measurement of anti-F(ab')_2 antibody levels may prove usefuladditional parameters assessing the clinical status.