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Background: Leptospirosis is a widespread re-emerging zoonotic disease, especially in developing countries. According to World Health Organization, despite being severe, the disease is neglected in most endemic countries because of a lack of information and awareness about the extent of the problem. Objective: The objective was to study the seroprevalence and epidemiology of leptospirosis with its biochemical correlation in the general population in Pune, Maharashtra. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective observational laboratory-based study over 1 year from January to December 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in western India. A total of 561 blood specimens received during 1 year for the diagnosis of fever were processed for Leptospira IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: A total of 111 of 561 blood specimens that were received during the study period tested positive for IgM antibody against Leptospira. The seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. was found to be 19.78%. In seropositive patients, the age ranged from 4 to 77 years. The highest seropositivity was observed in the age group of 21–30 years (42%). There were 34% (n = 38) males and 66% (n = 73) females, among those who tested positive. Seroprevalence in Pune was highest in the months of June–August. Renal function tests were deranged in 44 (39.63%) patients (serum creatinine > 1.5 mL). Hyponatremia and hypokalemia were observed in 37.84% and 21.62% of patients, respectively. In liver function tests, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) both were deranged (SGOT > 40 U/L; SGPT > 56 U/L) in 36 (32.43%) patients, whereas SGOT alone was deranged in additional 18 patients (48.64%). Serum bilirubin was deranged in 65.45%. Coinfection was observed with chikungunya, dengue, and malaria in 7.2%, 6.3%, and 0.90% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: Because morbidity is high in this infection, early diagnosis of leptospirosis is essential because antibiotic therapy provides the greatest benefit when initiated early in the course of illness.
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Background: Hepatitis E in pregnancy has been a subject of interest in the recent years as the available research work is very limited and conflicting especially in pregnant women as compared to infection in men and non- pregnant women in which the disease is usually self- limiting. The mechanism of liver injury in hepatitis E is not clear and no conclusive theories about the exact pathogenesis are available. This study was done to gain insight into the effects of hepatitis E virus on pregnancy in terms of maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: Total of 40 pregnant women with Hepatitis E Virus IgM antibodies was included in the study. Hepatitis cases due to other viral and non-infective causes were excluded. Maternal outcomes in terms of mode of delivery, complications like PPH, hepatic encephalopathy, fulminant hepatic failure, coagulopathy and maternal mortality was studied. Fetal outcomes in terms of intrauterine fetal deaths, stillbirth, live births, and neonatal deaths were studied.Results: This study showed high mortality rates (42.5%) in pregnant women with hepatitis E. The most common obstetric complication was IUFD (45%) followed by preterm labor (32.5%) and postpartum hemorrhage (22.5%). Hepatic encephalopathy (62.5%) was the commonest medical complication followed by coagulopathy (25%). A statistically significant association was found between the presence of medical complications and poor maternal outcome.Conclusions: Hepatitis E virus infection in pregnancy often has a fulminant course with poor maternal and fetal outcome. Its management therefore requires an early diagnosis, and a multidisciplinary approach.
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Introduction: Dengue virus transmitted by mosquitoes iswidely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. It isone of the most rapidly spreading mosquitos borne viraldisease in the world. In India specially, dengue has emergedas a matter of major concern because of its epidemicproportions. Therefore, early diagnosis for dengue is called for,to reduce the mortality and morbidity attributed to it.Aims and Objective: There are numerous methods for thediagnosis of dengue of which the serological tests play asignificant role. Various rapid ICT tests are being used in thelaboratories for the early diagnosis of dengue these days. Thepresent study aims to evaluate the performance of rapid ICTwith reference to MAC-ELISA for its role in diagnosis ofdengue.Methods and Materials: In the present study 305 suspectedsamples of dengue were collected during the month of October2017 to December 2017. All the samples were collected byaseptic techniques.Results: 92 samples were positive by Mac Elisa IgM Ab test.The prevalence of the disease was 30.16 %. When ICT IgM Abtest was compared with Elisa IgM capture Ab test a sensitivityof 95.65 % and specificity of 98.59 % was observed.Conclusion: The high sensitivity and specificity makes itsuitable to be used in acute diagnosis of dengue but Mac ElisaIgM capture Ab test combination will make it more reliable andconfirmatory.
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Background: Dengue fever it one of the common mosquito born acute febrile illness of major health concern in India due to varying presentations from simple febrile illness to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The aim of the study: The present study was done to find out the presence of varying clinical features and severity with outcome during the clinical course in a tertiary care center in Tamil Nadu. Materials and methods: The present study was done as a prospective observational study at government Omandurar Medical College, Chennai/ Kasturba Gandhi Hospital for Women and Children in Tamil Nadu. The study was done during the period of July 2018 to December 2018 for 6 months. Patient included were more than 12 years of age. All patients were hospitalized as in patients under the medicine department. Results: 50 patients diagnosed as dengue positive through dengue IgM Elisa method were taken for the study. The common clinical feature was fever high grade with chills, followed by headache, followed by myalgia, followed by nausea and vomiting followed by rash and GI bleeding. The commonest hematological abnormality was thrombocytopenia with leukopenia when there was a decrease in platelet count less than 50000 there was leukopenia less 3000 which improved with the recovery of rising platelet count. USG showed third space fluid accumulation due to plasma leakage P. Malarvizhi, Gananasambandam Usha. A study of clinical manifestations of dengue fever with laboratory investigations and outcome in a tertiary care center in Tamil Nadu. IAIM, 2019; 6(3): 95-98. Page 96 as evident by GB wall edema (associated with severe dengue) and right pleural effusion, followed by minimal ascites. Elevation of liver enzymes was noted in a few patients in our study. Severe thrombocytopenia was associated with gum bleeding in the younger age group. Melena was present in patients more than 20 years of age group. Menorrhagia was noted in female patients with thrombocytopenia. Few patients with GI bleed and severe thrombocytopenia required platelet transfusion. No mortality was observed and all patients recovered fully. Conclusion: Dengue is a common mosquito-borne viral illness of urban areas. Early hospitalization with appropriate clinical evaluation, relevant investigations, and appropriate management under medical supervision improves the clinical outcome of dengue positive patients hospitalized. Early referral of the patient with hospitalization improves the clinical outcome and reduces mortality.
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Leptospirosis is a febrile zoonotic disease. Routine diagnosis of leptospirosis is based on the detection of specific antibodies with serological tests. The aim of our study was to determine the usefulness of immunochromatographic assay (ICA), ImmuneMed Leptospira IgM Duo Rapid test kit from Korea, in rapid screening of acute leptospirosis in emergency cases with limited expertise. A total of 197 serum samples (93 positive, 104 negative) were selected randomly. The test has good diagnostic sensitivity 73% and specificity 90%. With positive predictive value of 87% and negative predictive value of 79%, this reassures patients have higher chance of correct diagnosis. This ICA is acceptable for screening of leptospirosis but confirmation with microscopic agglutination test should follow.
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Humans , Agglutination Tests , Antibodies , Diagnosis , Emergencies , Chromatography, Affinity , Immunoglobulin M , Korea , Leptospira , Leptospirosis , Mass Screening , Sensitivity and Specificity , Serologic Tests , ZoonosesABSTRACT
Objective Analysis of the results through nine kinds of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) in children with respiratory tract infection test ,and then investigate infant′s characteristics about gender ,geographical and seasonal ,provide a reference for clinical di‐agnosis .Methods Firstly ,collection the 2 736 children′s blood in our hospital and centrifuged serum ,use indirect immunofluores‐cence (ILF) method and IgM antibody reagents to detect Legionella pneumophlia 1(LP1) ,Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) ,Coxiella burnetii(COX) ,Chlamydia pneumoniae(CP) ,Adenovirus(ADV) ,Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) ,Influenza A virus(IFA) ,Influ‐enza B virus(IFB) ,Parainfluenza virus(PIV) and record the children′s information ever months ,and use the card square test to a‐nalysis .Results A total of 2 736 cases of children were detected in 918 cases (33 .5% ) with IgM antibodies ,the detection rate in descending order MP ,FluB ,PIV ,ADV ,RSV ,COX ,FluX ,CP and LP1 ,124 cases of mixed infection ,it′s 13 .51% of the total num‐ber of infections .The total number of infections in men positive 21 .02% ,12 .54% for women ,with statistical significance (P<0 . 05) ,between different sexes .The highest in age groups was the 13 years old group detection rate was 13 .49% ,followed by 35 years old group(7 .79% ) ,and there was a significant difference(P<0 .05) between the groups .The analyzed about seasonal viral infection in children ,the winter(14 .07% ) and spring(7 .79% ) higher incidence ,and prevalence of each season statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Children in the region are mostly M P pathogen infection ,and exist differences in seasonal ,gender and age .
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Objectives: To study and establish clinical and haematological correlation in cases of dengue viral infection. Methodology: A total 169 serum samples were received from L.G. Hospital for the detection of Dengue IgM during the period of October 2013 to January 2014. They were tested for the same with ELISA method. The clinical -haematological case study was done and the data was analyzed retrospectively. Results: Total 169 serum samples were tested, out of which 44(26.03%) were positive for Dengue IgM antibodies. Out of the total serum samples, Male: Female ratio and Urban: Rural ratio was 1.6:1 and 2.8:1 respectively. Peak incidence of the disease is seen in October. Clinically fever was the commonest presentation in 39(88.6%) patients followed by headache and muscle pain i.e., 33(75%) and 16(36.3%) respectively; the least common was epistaxis in 4 (9.04%) patients. Retrobulbar pain was in 3(6.8%) rash was in 6 (13.6%) and hemorrhagic manifestations in 12 (27.2%) patients. Amongst total WBC count, the proportion of Lymphocyte was above 70% in 3(6.8%) cases, between 50-70% in 17(38.6%) cases, and between 35-49% in 16(36.3%) cases and below 35% was in 8(18.18%) cases. The platelet count less than 50,000 was observed in16(36.3%) cases, 50,000 to 1, 00000 in 15(34.09%) cases and greater than 1,00,000 was in 13(29.5%) cases.19(43.1%) patients had erythrocyte sedimentation rate less than 7mm/hr, While 15(34.09%) patients had8- 20mm/hrand 10(22.7%) had more than 20 mm/hr.
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Introducción: la leptospirosis humana es una zoonosis sistémica y transmisible producida por bacterias invasivas del complejo Leptospira interrogans sensu lato. Numerosos métodos se utilizan para el serodiagnóstico de esta entidad clínica, dentro de los cuales se encuentra ELISA. Objetivos: aplicar un nuevo sistema serológico comercial de ELISA, para la pesquisa de anticuerpos IgM contra leptospiras e identificar los serogrupos de leptospiras presentes en los sueros positivos por este sistema. Métodos: de pacientes sospechosos de leptospirosis se estudiaron 27 y 61 sueros con anticuerpos contra leptospiras y sin estos, respectivamente. La técnica de microaglutinación con antígenos vivos (MAT) se utilizó como método de referencia. Los sistemas comerciales de SD Leptospira ELISA-IgM, SD flujo lateral Leptospira IgM y la hemoaglutinación indirecta (HAT) fueron comparativamente empleados. Resultados: 27 sueros con anticuerpos contra leptospiras resultaron positivos por SD Leptospira ELISA-IgM, 20 por SD flujo lateral Leptospira IgM y 9 por hemoaglutinación indirecta. De 61 sueros sin anticuerpos contra leptospiras, 9 y 8 resultaron positivos, respectivamente, por SD Leptospira ELISA-IgM y por SD flujo lateral Leptospira IgM. Los serogrupos Ballum y Canicola predominaron en los sueros positivos por el sistema comercial. La coincidencia entre SD Leptospira ELISA-IgM y la técnica de microaglutinación con antígenos vivos fue de 89,77 porciento. Conclusiones: SD Leptospira ELISA-IgM muestra una mayor positividad en los sueros estudiados, lo que avalaría su posible introducción en Cuba. Se confirma la amplia reactividad del antígeno usado en SD Leptospira ELISA-IgM, lo cual sugiere mantener una activa vigilancia de laboratorio sobre los serogrupos de leptospiras, a nivel nacional
Introduction: human leptospirosis is a communicable systemic zoonosis caused by the invasive bacteria Leptospira interrogans sensu lato complex. Numerous methods are used for serodiagnosis of this disease, including the ELISA tests. Objectives: to implement a new commercial serological ELISA test (SD Leptospira ELISA-IgM, SD Bioline, Korea) for screening of IgM antibodies and for identification of Leptospira serogroups in positive sera. Methods: twenty seven and sixty one sera, with/without IgM antibodies to leptospires, respectively, were studied. They had been taken from patients suspected of having leptospirosis. The microscopic agglutination test with live antigens (MAT) was the reference method. In addition, other commercial systems such as SD Leptospira IgM Lateral Flow and indirect hemagglutination (HAT) tests were comparatively used. Results: all the 27 sera with antibodies against Leptospira were positive according to SD Leptospira ELISA-IgM, 20 sera were found positive by SD Lateral Flow Igm test and 9 sera by the indirect HAT test. Of the 61 sera without antibodies to leptospires, 9 and 8 were positive by SD Leptospira ELISA-IgM and SD Leptospira IgM Lateral Flow test, respectively. Serogroups Canicola and Ballum were predominant in positive sera tested by the commercial system under evaluation. The agreement coefficient between SD Leptospira ELISA-IgM and MAT was 89.77 percent. Conclusions: SD Leptospira ELISA-IgM showed higher positivity rate than the other systems in the studied sera; this aspect would support its possible introduction in Cuba. The great reactivity of the antigen used in the system was confirmed, which indicates that active laboratory surveillance of leptospiral serogroups should be kept nationwide
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Humans , Male , Female , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic , Immunoglobulin M , Leptospirosis/diagnosis , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Serologic Tests/methodsABSTRACT
Purpose: Parvovirus B19 (B19) is associated with a wide range of diseases in humans, whose severity depends on the immunological and haematological status of the host. Objective: To determine the incidence of B19 DNA and specific IgM and IgG frequency among patients suffering from different haematological malignancies and to determine the viral load using real-time PCR. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients were included in the study, in addition to a control group consisting of 20 apparently healthy volunteers. B19 DNA quantitative analysis was performed using real-time PCR while screening for IgM and IgG anti-B19 antibodies was performed using ELISA. Results: B19 DNA was detected in 26 patients (36.14%) and 3 controls (15%) using real-time PCR. Anti-parvovirus B19 IgM antibodies were detected in 9 patients (12.6%) and 2 controls (10%). Anti-parvovirus B19 IgG antibodies were detected in 32 patients (45.71%) and 5 controls (25%). The difference between the patient and control groups was found to be statistically non-significant in all of the three tests (P < 0.05). The difference in B19 incidence among patients receiving multiple transfusions and non-transfused patients was also found to be statistically non-significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We found a high incidence of B19 infection among patients diagnosed with different types of haematological malignancies. We recommend that all cases of haematological disorders should be examined for specific antibodies and tested for the presence of B19 DNA in serum by PCR technique.
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Adult , Chi-Square Distribution , Human Experimentation , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/isolation & purification , Immunoglobulin M/isolation & purification , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Parvovirus B19, Human/isolation & purification , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Serologic Tests/methodsABSTRACT
Background & objectives: In India a chikungunya fever outbreak started in December 2005 when the country experienced more than 13 lakhs of chikungunya infected cases. We undertook this study to study detailed clinical profile of chikungunya fever in both indoor and outdoor patients in a tertiary care hospital in Nagpur, Maharashtra in 2006. Methods: Suspected cases of chikungunya fever (n=405) during the period of July to September 2006, having clinical triad of fever, arthralgia and/or rashes were included in the study. Clinical profile was studied in all the cases. Of the 405 samples collected, 166 were tested for serum CHIK IgM antibodies. Results: Of the 166 samples tested for CHIKV IgM antibodies, 87 (52.4%) were positive (confirmed cases). Male: female ratio was 2.3:1. Fever and arthralgia were present in all cases. Rash was present in 27(31%) confirmed and 38(12%) suspected cases. Lymphadenopathy was present in 12 (13.8 %) confirmed and 4 of suspected cases. Chronic polyarthritis was seen in 22 (25.3%) confirmed and 75 (23.6%) suspected cases. Neurological manifestations were observed in 08 (9%) confirmed and 10(3.14%) suspected cases. Mortality was 7(2.2%) in 318 suspected cases and 3 (3.4%) in 87 confirmed cases. Interpretation &conclusions: Our findings showed that about half of the serum samples for CHIKV IgM antibody tested positive from cases suspected to have chikungunya fever. Fever, joint pain and headache were major symptoms. Certain rare manifestations like lymphodenopathy, oral ulcers and encephalitis were also seen. Mortality in confirmed cases was about 3.4 per cent.
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Adolescent , Adult , Alphavirus Infections/epidemiology , Alphavirus Infections/mortality , Alphavirus Infections/pathology , Chikungunya virus/genetics , Disease Outbreaks , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin M/blood , India/epidemiology , Male , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
O controle da esquistossomose no Estado de São Paulo iniciou-se ao final da década de 60, tendo como linhas mestras o uso de moluscidas e a de quimioterapia. Apesar da aparente redução nos níveis de infecção, o Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Estado de São Paulo tem registrado continuamente casos autóctones da doença, tendo-se observado ampliação das áreas de transmissão. Com o objetivo de buscar-se método diagnóstico mais sensível para fins epidemiológicos em áreas de baixa endemicidade, onde o exame de fezes se mostra pouco eficiente, uma técnica sorológica foi avaliada em quatro áreas consideradas endêmicas para Schistosoma mansoni (Sm) no Estado. Amostras de fezes e de sangue absorvido em papel-filtro foram coletadas de populações de quatro áreas de transmissão com diferentes perfis epidemiológicos, acompanhando-as, por um período de 2 anos, com cinco inquéritos, a intervalos semestrais. Dados de prevalência e incidência obtidos pela aplicação da reação de imunofluorescência para anticorpos IgM contra tubo digestivo de Sm (RIF-IgM) e do exame de fezes (Kato-Katz) foram analisados comparativamente nas quatro áreas estudadas com maior sensibilidade que pelo método parasitológico e detectar sazonidade em algumas das áreas, através da observação de taxas de soroconversão de RIF-IgM. Esta soroconversäo, passando de negativo para positivo, indicando provável infecção recente, foi mais frequente nos inquéritos realizados no primeiro semestre do ano (pós-veräo). A RIF-IgM demonstrou sert útil para estudos epidemiológicos da esquistossomose, podendo constituir método diagnóstico, tanto na fase aguda como crônica. (AU)
The control of schistosomiasis in the State of S"o Paulo started at the end of the sixties. Themain control measures included the application of molluscicides and chemotherapy. Despite the apparentdecrease of the infection levels, the Epidemiological Vigilance System of the State has continually recordedcases of the disease, and expansion of transmission areas has been observed. Since the stool examinationshowed to be insufficiently sensitive for epidemiological purposes in areas with low transmission, aserological technique was evaluated in four schistosomiasis endemic areas of the State with the aim offinding a more efficient diagnostic method. For a period of two years, five follow-up measures of prevalenceand incidence rates were obtained for the four areas, through the stool examination (Kato-Katz method)and detection of IgM antibodies to gut antigens by the immunofluorescence test (IgM-IFT) on filter paperblood samples. The comparative analysis of the data showed the occurrence of seasonal transmission insome of the studied areas, detected by the observation of differences in the seroconversion taxes.Seroconversion from IgM-IFT negative to positive, indicating newly acquired Schistosoma mansoniinfection, was observed more frequently in surveys carried out after summer holidays.The IgM-IFTproved to be a useful technique for epidemiological purposes in shistosomiasis, so that it can be appliedfor diagnosis of both acute and chronic forms of the disease. . (AU)
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Schistosomiasis mansoni , Immunoglobulin M , Endemic Diseases , Epidemiological Monitoring , AntibodiesABSTRACT
Objective To establish a new ELISA method by use of shorted recombinant antigen pp65 for detection of IgM antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV).Method According to HCMV pp65 sequence of nucleotide and amino acid, the shorted pp65 was decided by computer soft ware of protein and attained through gene engineering technique. The by computer soft ware of protein and attained through gene engineering technique. The recombinant enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (REC-ELISA ) method was developed using pp65 recombinant protein as antigen and was applied to detecting anti-HCMV-IgM in sera. It was compared to ELISA by use of whole virus as antigen and Biocheck CMV IgM enzyme immunoassay test kit.Results To detect HCMV IgM by REC-ELISA, the best quantity of pp65 was 3.5?g percent cavity, the best dilution of HRP~*anti-HCMV IgM was 1∶[KG-*2]800 and that of serum was 1∶[KG-*2]100. The positive coefficient of variation (CV) was 9.5% in stability assay. The average CV of Inter- assay and Intra-assay was 4.5% and 9.6% respectively. The positive value of REC- ELISA was 44%, that of ELISA using whole virus was 50% and BioCheck was 45%. REC-ELISA using most suitable condition was concordant with BioCheck, which was 97.0%. Its youden′s index was 92.8% and its specificity (98.2%) was higher than that of ELISA using whole virus as antigen (90.9%), too.Conclusion REC-RLISA had good sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. The method was easy and quick. Recombinant protein was harmless and easy gained compared with the whole virus. It can be large-scale production and standardization. Therefore, the application value and potential of REC-ELISA was very large.
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Since the introduction of rubella vaccination in Korea in 1982, several outbreaks of rubella have occurred. In order to examine the current seroepidemiology of rubella virus infection in Korean women of child-bearing age, the healthy university women students of Yonsei University in Seoul aged 18 approximately 26 years were chosen as a model population. A survey was carried out in the time of routine annual physical check-up. Serum specimens of 242 volunteers of healthy women university students were randomly sampled for screening rubella-specific IgG/IgM antibodies by an automated enzyme immunoassay system (Vitek System VIDAS, bioMerieux Vitek, Inc., Lyon, France). A total of 177 subjects were positive for rubella-specific IgG antibody, giving a prevalence of 73.1%. The mean +/- standard deviation of rubella-specific IgG antibody was 99.3 +/- 95.3 IU/mL. In this study, the efficiency of a vaccination was about 88%. With such a relative high proportion of susceptibility (26.9%) among university women students in child-bearing age, a extensive rubella vaccination program should be enforced to prevent possible outbreaks of congenital rubella syndrome in the future.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Antigen-Antibody Reactions , Follow-Up Studies , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Immunoglobulin M/analysis , Rubella/prevention & control , Students , Time Factors , Universities , VaccinationABSTRACT
No abstract available.