Sífilis na gestação: conhecimento de gestantes e puérperas / Syphilis in pregnancy: knowledge of pregnant and puerperous women / Sífilis durante el embarazo: conocimientos de las mujeres embarazadas y puérperas

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento de gestantes e puérperas acerca da sífilis. Método: pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de instrumento semiestruturado, entre abril a julho de 2021, com 18 gestantes/puérperas com diagnóstico de sífilis na gestação. As respostas foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra, sendo utilizado para análise a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: identificou-se três ideias centrais: 1) Conhecimento sobre a sífilis, 2) Buscando conhecimento sobre a sífilis e 3) Falsa prevenção. O conhecimento das participantes mostrou-se conflitante, pois algumas apresentaram algum conhecimento e outras nenhum, sendo que todas deveriam ter sido orientadas sobre a doença. Considerações finais: identificou-se uma falha no atendimento ofertado nos serviços de saúde. Assim, estratégias voltadas à educação em saúde devem ser incentivadas e implementadas no acompanhamento de pré-natal, ofertando a promoção e prevenção da saúde, a fim de reduzir os casos de sífilis na gestação.

Objective: to identify the knowledge of pregnant and postpartum women about syphilis. Method: descriptive research, with a qualitative approach. Data collection took place using a semi-structured instrument, between April and July 2021, with 18 pregnant/postpartum women diagnosed with syphilis during pregnancy. The responses were recorded and transcribed in full, using the Collective Subject Discourse technique for analysis. Results: three central ideas were identified: 1) Knowledge about syphilis, 2) Seeking knowledge about syphilis and 3) False prevention. The knowledge of the participants was conflicting, as some had some knowledge and others none, and all of them should have been educated about the disease. Final considerations: a flaw in the care offered in health services was identified. Therefore, strategies aimed at health education should be encouraged and implemented in prenatal care, offering health promotion and prevention, in order to reduce cases of syphilis during pregnancy.

Objetivos:identificar el conocimiento de las mujeres embarazadas y puérperas sobre la sífilis. Método: investigación descriptiva, con enfoque cualitativo. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un instrumento semiestructurado, entre abril y julio de 2021, con 18 mujeres embarazadas/puérperas diagnosticadas con sífilis durante el embarazo. Las respuestas fueron grabadas y transcritas en su totalidad, utilizando para su análisis la técnica del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: se identificaron tres ideas centrales: 1) Conocimiento sobre sífilis, 2) Búsqueda de conocimiento sobre sífilis y 3) Falsa prevención. El conocimiento de los participantes fue contradictorio, ya que algunos tenían algún conocimiento y otros ninguno, y todos deberían haber sido educados sobre la enfermedad. Consideraciones finales: se identificó una falla en la atención ofrecida en los servicios de salud. Por lo tanto, se deben fomentar e implementar estrategias orientadas a la educación en salud en la atención prenatal, ofreciendo promoción y prevención de la salud, con el fin de reducir los casos de sífilis durante el embarazo.

Infecciones bacterianas durante el primer mes post trasplante hepático. Experiencia de 12 años en un único centro. Montevideo-Uruguay

Introducción: Las infecciones bacterianas en trasplante hepático (TH) son una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Caracterizar las complicaciones infecciosas bacterianas en el primer mes postrasplante. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo entre los años 2009-2020. Resultados: 225 pacientes recibieron un TH. 80 (35,5%) desarrollaron al menos un episodio de infección bacteriana en el primer mes postrasplante hepático. Hubo 105 episodios de infección bacteriana con una incidencia de 46,6%. El foco más frecuente fue el abdominal (48,6%) y el microorganismo predominante fue Klebsiella spp. De los 104 aislamientos, el 57,6% presentaron un perfil MDR/XDR. Los pacientes que desarrollaron una complicación infecciosa presentaron menor sobrevida al alta hospitalaria en comparación con los que no la presentaron 87,5 versus 94,5% [OR 4,18 (IC 95%: 1,5-11,6)]. En el análisis multivariado la reintervención quirúrgica precoz [OR 4,286 (IC 95%: 1,911-9,61)], mostró un riesgo significativo de desarrollar una complicación infecciosa bacteriana en el primer mes postrasplante. Conclusiones: Tres de cada 10 pacientes presentaron una infección bacteriana en el primer mes postrasplante con una alta incidencia de bacilos gramnegativos MDR/XDR. Los pacientes que desarrollaron una complicación infecciosa presentaron una menor sobrevida al alta. La reintervención quirúrgica precoz se identificó como un factor predisponente de infección temprana.

Background: Bacterial infections are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients (LT). Aim: To characterize bacterial infectious complications in the first month an after a liver transplant. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a cohort of liver transplant recipients who presented at least one bacterial infectious complication in the first month after transplant between 2009 and 2020. Results: 225 patients were analyzed. 80 (35.5%) had a least one documented bacterial infection during the first month after transplant. 105 bacterial infections were documented, with an incidence of 46.6%. The most frequent origin was intra-abdominal (48.6%) and the predominant isolated microorganism was Klebsiella spp. Among 104 isolated microorganisms 57.6% showed MDR/XDR profile. Patients who developed a bacterial infectious complication had a shorter overall survival (OS) after discharge from hospital (87.5% vs 94.5%) [OR 4.18 (IC 95%: 1.5-11,6)]. When multivariate analysis of predisposing factors was performed early surgical reoperation was the only variable associated with an increased risk of developing a bacterial complication in the first month [OR 4.286 (IC 95%: 1.911-9.61)]. Conclusions: Three out of 10 patients developed a bacterial infectious complication during the first month after liver transplant with a high incidence of gram-negative bacillus MDR/XDR. Patients who presented infectious complications had a shorter OS after discharge, and early reoperation was identified as a predisposing factor of early infectious complications.

Clinical Features and Outcome of Infectious Complications in Heart Transplant Recipients in Korea / 감염과화학요법

BACKGROUND: Although heart transplantation is the only therapeutic modality for patients with end-stage heart disease, immunosuppressive therapy to reduce organ rejection may increase the risk of infection in transplant patients. Little is known regarding infectious complications in heart transplant recipients in Korea. Thus, this study was performed to evaluate the clinical features and outcome of infectious complications in patients receiving heart transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed by reviewing medical records of patients who underwent heart transplantation from December 1996 to October 2008 in Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. RESULTS: A total of 72 cardiac allograft recipients were included in the analysis. Median follow-up duration was 417 (range, 2-3995) days. During the follow-up period, 75 infectious complications occurred in 39 (54.2%) recipients, of which 31 cases (41.3%) were caused by bacteria, 28 (37.3%) by viruses, 10 (13.3%) by fungi, 4 (5.4%) by Pneumocystis jirovecii, and 2 (2.7%) by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Median onset time of bacterial, viral and fungal infection were 153, 106 and 68 days, respectively. The most common site of infection was lung (n=26, 34.7%), followed by gastrointestinal tract (n=11, 14.7%) and oral cavity (n=9, 12%). All patients were sero-positive for cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific IgG before transplantation and received preemptive therapy of CMV infection. After heart transplantation, 44 (63.8%) patients experienced CMV reactivation identified by CMV antigenemia and 9 (13%) patients had organ-specific CMV diseases. The overall mortality rate was 33.3% (24/72). Infectious complications were the most common cause of death (n=10, 41.7%). The operative risk factors for death were lung infection, fungal infection and bloodstream infection. CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, the lung was the most common site of infection and bacteria were the most frequent etiologic pathogens among heart transplant recipients. Infectious complications, especially fungal infections were the most common causes of death. Prevention strategies against fungal infections should be evaluated in the future studies.

The Risk Factors for Infectious Complications after Elective Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

PURPOSE: Postoperative Infectious complications are recognized as major complications that are associated with surgery. Although many studies have focused on the risk factors of postoperative complications, little is known about the risk factors of infectious complications after gastric cancer surgery, and especially after elective gastrectomy. There is now more and more interest in the risk factors of infectious complications in relation to controlling infection and as indicators of qualitatively assessing infectious complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors related with infectious complications after performing elective gastrectomy for treating gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a total of 788 patients who had undergone elective gastrectomy for gastric cancer between Jan. 2000 and Dec. 2007. The characteristics of the patients were divided according to the patients' factors and the operations' factors. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 58.9 (range: 24~91) years; 545 were male and 243 were female. The mean duration of the hospital stay was 20.3 days (range: 5~135 days), the mean operation time was 181.3 minutes (range: 65~440 minutes). The total complication rate was 17.1% (n=135) and the complication rate was 38.5% (n=52) among the 135 patients with infectious complications. The infectious complications were surgical site infection (59.7%), pneumonia (19.3%), intra-abdominal abscess (11.5%), pseudomembranous colitis (5.7%), bacteremia (1.9%) and hepatic abscess (1.9%). On the univariate analysis, the significant risk factors were male gender, blood transfusion, smoking at the time of diagnosis, alcohol drinking, diabetes mellitus and previous cardiovascular disease (P<0.05 for all). On multivariate analysis that used a logistic regression model, the significant independent risk factors were smoking at the time of diagnosis (OR: 2.877. 95% CI: 1.449~5.713), blood transfusion (OR: 3.44O, 95% CI: 1.241~9.534), diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.150, 95% CI: 1.518~6.538), and previous cardiovascular disease (OR: 2.784, 95% CI: 1.4731~5.2539). CONCLUSION: Pre- or post-operative blood transfusion and the patient's medical history such as previous cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, smoking etc. are the risk factors for infectious complications after undergoing elective gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The patients that have these risk factors need to be treated with great care to prevent infectious disease after elective gastrectomy.

Complicaciones infecciosas por la colocación de catéter venoso central. Casuística de la unidad de cuidados intensivos del hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, IESS, 2004 – 2005 / Infectious complications for central venous catheter: intensive care unit of Teodoro Maldonado Carbo hospital, IEES 2004-2005

Tipo de estudio: prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo y analítico. Objetivo: determinar la incidencia de complicaciones infecciosas por la colocación y permanencia del catéter venoso central (CVC). Metodología: estudio realizado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) del hospital “Teodoro Maldonado Carbo”, cuyo universo fueron los pacientes que ingresaron a UCI de marzo 2004 a febrero 2005; usando la vena subclavia, yugular y femoral como accesos vasculares. Se incluyeron 78 pacientes con 87 CVCs. Se realizó un cultivo de ambiente en UCI para comparar su microbiología con la encontrada en los segmentos intravasculares (SIV) del CVC. Resultados: 27 catéteres presentaron complicaciones infecciosas (31,03); 14 CVCs colonizados (16,09), 11 infecciones en el sitio de punción (12,64). Los cultivos del SIV mostraron la predominancia de S. aureus. El cultivo de ambiente reportó: micrococcus, S. epidermidis y hongos. Conclusiones: complicaciones con mayor incidencia fueron la colonización del catéter (CC) y la infección local del sitio de punción (ILSP). No hubo dependencia entre las variables expuestas ni entre la microbiología del área ni la de los SIVs de los CVCs.

Type of study: prospective, transversal, descriptive, analytic. Objective: Determine the incidence of infectious complications due to collocation and permanence of a central venous catheter (CVC) Methodology: Study realized in the intensive care unit (ICU) in “Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” hospital. Whose universe were hospitalized patients in ICU. From march 2004 to February 2005; using subclavia, jugular and femoral vein as vascular access. 78 patients were included with 87 CVCs. An environmental culture was realized in the ICU to compare its microbiology with intravascular segments found (IVS) of the CVC. Results: 27 catheters presented infectious complications (31, 03); 14 colonized CVCs (16, 09), 11 infections in the place of puncture (12, 64). IVS cultures showed S. aureus predominance. Environment culture reported micrococcus, S epidermidis and fungus. Conclusions: complications with high incidence were catheter colonization (CC) and local infection in the site of puncture (PSLI). There was not reliance over exposed variables or between microbiology areas neither on IVS of CVCs.

The Efficacy of Adding Postoperative Oral Antibiotics after Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy in Acute Appendicitis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the postoperative oral antibiotics in acute appendicitis. METHODS: This study compared 126 patients diagnosed with appendicitis in 2004, who did not take oral antibiotics after the postoperative treatment (group 2), with 119 patients diagnosed with appendicitis in the year of 2003, who did take oral antibiotics after the parenteral postoperative antibiotics regimen (group 1). RESULTS: The clinical, operative, and bacterial outcomes were similar. Only one infectious complication was detected in each group (group1; 1/119, group2; 1/126). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that adding a course of oral antibiotics, after completing a course of parenteral antibiotics, does not decrease The rate of postoperative infectious complications in appendicitis patients.