ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica aguda es una entidad frecuente en mujeres jóvenes en edad reproductiva, y constituye causa de infertilidad y otras complicaciones. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica aguda en pacientes atendidas en el Policlínico Docente Samuel Fernández, del municipio Matanzas, en el período de enero de 2017 a enero de 2018. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo a 76 mujeres, a las que se les hizo caracterización sociodemográfica y clínico-ecográfica, que permitió su clasificación como pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica aguda leve-moderada, requerida de tratamiento y seguimiento en atención primaria. Se evaluó la respuesta clínico-ecográfica al tratamiento médico indicado, a partir de la disminución de la intensidad del dolor pélvico y de las modificaciones de los hallazgos ecográficos iniciales. Resultados: la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica aguda leve-moderada representó el 87,4 % de los casos evaluados en Consulta Ginecológica de la atención primaria de salud, en el período estudiado. La media de edad fue de 31,2 años. Clínicamente predominaron los casos con dolor severo. El hallazgo ecográfico inicial más frecuente fue el de anejos engrosados. La antibioticoterapia oral combinada y el uso de antiinflamatorios fue la terapia médica empleada, con resultados clínico-ecográficos favorables en el 98,4 y el 92,2 % de los casos, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica leve-moderada resultó una entidad frecuente en el Servicio de Ginecología de la atención primaria de salud en el período estudiado, con evolución satisfactoria al tratamiento médico.
ABSTRACT Introduction: acute inflammatory pelvic disease is a frequent entity in young women in reproductive age, and is cause of infertility and other complications. Objective: to characterize the behavior of the acute inflammatory pelvic disease in patients attended at the TeachingPoliclinic Samuel Fernandez, of the municipality of Matanzas, in the period from January 2017 to January 2018. Materials and methods: a descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out in 76 women, who were object of socio-demographic and clinic-echographyc characterization that allowed their classification as patients with mild-moderated acute inflammatory pelvic disease requiring treatment and follow up in primary care services. The clinic-echographyc answer to medical treatment was evaluated from the decrease of the intensity of the pelvic pain and the modification of the baseline echographyc findings. Results: mild-moderated acute inflammatory pelvic disease represented 87.4 % of the cases evaluated in the primary care Gynecological consultation in the studied period. The average age was 31.2 years. The cases with severe pain predominated clinically. The most frequent baseline echographyc finding was increased annexes. Oral combined antibiotic therapy and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs was the used medical therapy, with favorable clinic-echographyc results in 98.4 % and 92.2 % of cases respectively. Conclusions: mild-moderated inflammatory pelvic disease was a frequent entity in the Gynecology service of the primary health care in the studied period, with satisfactory evolution to medical treatment.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: O abdome agudo em ginecologia e obstetrícia apresenta baixo risco de vida para a paciente, entretanto, o retardo no diagnóstico e tratamento influencia na morbi-mortalidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as principais causas de abdome agudo em tocoginecologia. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados 287 casos de abdome agudo em tocoginecologia de janeiro de 1987 a dezembro de 1997 atendidos na Disciplina de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que a prenhez ectópica foi a mais freqüente causa de abdome agudo hemorrágico com 98,5 por cento dos casos. Nestes casos, a dor pélvica foi o sintoma mais comum (69,1 por cento). Todas as pacientes foram submetidas à laparotomia e salpingectomia foi realizada em 92,6 por cento dos casos. A causa mais freqüente de abdome agudo inflamatório foi a doença inflamatória pélvica com 94,8 por cento. A dor pélvica aguda estava presente em 91,5 por cento dos casos e a febre em 56,2 por cento casos. A penicilina foi usada com sucesso em 92,1 por cento dos casos. Do total de 201 casos de doença inflamatória pélvica, 13 (6,5 por cento) foram submetidos à laparotomia. CONCLUSÕES: Os autores concluem que o abdome agudo de causa tocoginecológica apresenta quadro clínico variável, portanto, o ginecologista deve estar atento para estabelecer diagnóstico e tratamento precisos.
BACKGROUND: The gynecology or obstetric acute abdomen in woman present a low risk, although the diagnosis and treatment may be a challenge. The aim of this study was to analize the most frequent causes of acute abdomen in gynecology and obstetrics. METHODS: We reviewed 287 cases, from January 1987 to December 1997, attending in Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Faculty of Medicine of "Triângulo Mineiro". RESULTS: Ouur results showed that ectopic pregnancy was the most frequent cause of hemorrhagic acute abdomen, with 98.5 percent of the cases. Pelvic pain was the most common symptom (69.1 percent). All patients were submitted to a laparotomy; salpingectomy was performed in 92.6 percent of cases. The most frequent cause of inflammatory acute abdomen was inflammatory pelvic disease, with 92.6 percent. Acute pelvic pain was present in 96,5 percent of the cases and fever in 56.2 percent. Penicillin was successfully used in 92.1 percent. From the 206 cases of IPD, 13(6.5 percent) were submitted to laparotomy. CONCLUSIONS:The authors concluded that acute abdomen for ginecology or obstetrical disorders shows a variability of symptoms that may lead to a wrong diagnostic. Meanwhile, the gynecologist must be aware of these variabilities to perform a correct diagnosis.