Virus spectrum of inpatients with acute respiratory infection in Pudong New Area , Shanghai / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the viral spectrum of inpatients with acute respiratory infection in Pudong New Area, and to explore the composition of pathogens in hospitalized children and adults. Methods Samples of acute respiratory infection cases from 10 medical institutions were collected from 2011 to 2020 and tested for human influenza virus, human adenovirus, rhinovirus, human parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human coronavirus, human metapneumovirus and human boca virus. Results A total of 3 145 inpatients were monitored, with a median age of 61 years. The positive rate of any virus was 32.43% (1 020/3 145), and the single virus infection accounted for 85.98% (877/1 020). In single virus infection, the positive rate of human influenza virus was the highest (9.67%, 304/3 145), with influenza A (80.26%, 244/304) as the main virus. The second was rhinovirus (3.97%, 125/3 145). The positive rate of any virus in different age groups was statistically significant (χ2=103.38，P2=123.06，P2=90.37，P<0.001). Conclusion The positive rate of virus in hospitalized patients with acute respiratory infection is relatively high in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, with human influenza virus being the main virus. The virus spectrum of hospitalized children and adults is inconsistent. In the future, in-depth research should be strengthened, focusing on the distribution of pathogens in different populations and seasonal prevention and treatment.

Funcionalidad familiar y riesgo de caídas en adultos mayores hospitalizados

Introducción: La familia es una importante red de apoyo social para el adulto mayor, dado que en esta etapa se experimentan grandes cambios físicos y sociales. El adulto mayor al ser hospitalizado, además de su enfermedad, enfrenta riesgos como caídas, las cuales generan un daño adicional al paciente, que pueden alterar su recuperación y estancia. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre funcionalidad familiar y riesgo de caídas en el adulto mayor hospitalizado. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico, comparativo, en adultos mayores de 65 años hospitalizados en urgencias de un hospital de segundo nivel. La muestra se calculó con la fórmula para dos proporciones, n=61 sujetos por grupo. Grupo 1: adulto mayor con familia funcional y Grupo 2: adulto mayor con familia disfuncional; el muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, escolaridad, funcionalidad familiar, riesgo de caída, indicación de familiar a permanencia y contar con familiar acompañante. Con previo consentimiento informado, se aplicó el test APGAR familiar para funcionalidad y la escala Newman para riesgo de caídas. El análisis estadístico descriptivo se realizó con frecuencias, promedios, porcentajes e IC al 95 %; el análisis inferencial con t de Student, chi cuadrado y odds ratio. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 70,90 (IC 95 % 69,4-72,4) y 73,77 (IC 95 % 71,8-75,5) años. En ambos grupos predominaron los hombres y grado de escolaridad primaria. El 70,5 % de pacientes en Grupo 2 no contó con acompañantes a pesar de que 49,2 % tenía indicado familiar permanente. Existió mayor riesgo de caídas en el grupo de familia disfuncional con 50,8 % y 27,9 % para el grupo de familia funcional (p=0,030). Conclusiones: Un factor protector de los adultos mayores con riesgo bajo de caída hospitalaria, es la familia funcional, además de, un familiar acompañante durante su hospitalización.

Introduction: The family is an important social support network for the elderly, since great physical and social changes are experienced at this stage. The older adult, when hospitalized in addition to his illness, faces risks such as falls, which generate additional damage to the patient, altering his recovery and stay. Objective: To determine the association between family functionality and risk of falls in hospitalized older adults. Methods: Analytical, comparative, cross-sectional study in adults over 65 years of age hospitalized in the emergency room of a second level hospital. The sample was calculated with the formula for two proportions, n=61 subjects per group. Group 1: elderly with a functional family, group 2: elderly with a dysfunctional family; the sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience. The variables studied were age, sex, schooling, family functionality, risk of falling, indication of a family member for permanence, and having an accompanying family member. With prior informed consent, the family APGAR test for functionality and the Newman scale for risk of falls were applied to the elderly. The descriptive statistical analysis was performed with frequencies, means, percentages and 95 % CI; inferential analysis with student's t test, chi-square, and odds ratio. Results: The average age was 70.90 (95 % CI 69.4-72.4) and 73.77 (95 % CI 71.8-75.5) years. In both groups, men and primary school level predominate. 70.5 % of patients in group 2 do not have an accompanying family member despite the fact that 49.2 % had a permanent family member indicated. There is a higher risk of falls in the dysfunctional family group with 50.8 % and 27.9 % for the functional family group (p=0.030). Conclusions: A protective factor for older adults with a low risk of hospital fall is the functional family and also an accompanying family member during their hospitalization.

Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from inpatients and outpatients at Beijing Children's Hospital

Abstract Background Understanding the epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) isolates is important for pneumonia treatment and prevention. This research aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of S. pneumoniae isolated from pediatric inpatients and outpatients during the same period. Methods S. pneumoniae were isolated from unsterile samples of inpatients and outpatients younger than five years old between March 2013 and February 2014. The serotypes were determined using diagnostic pneumococcal antisera. The resistance of each strain to 13 antibiotics was tested using either the E-test or the disc diffusion method. The Sequence Types (STs) were analyzed via Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Results The dominant serotypes obtained from inpatients were 19F (32.9 %), 19A (20.7 %), 23F (10.7 %), 6A (10.0 %), and 14 (8.6 %), while those from outpatients were 19F (13.6 %), 23F (12.9 %), 6A (10.0 %), 6B (10.0 %), and 19A (7.9 %). The coverage rates of 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) formulations were high in both groups. The nonsusceptibility to penicillin, cefuroxime, imipenem, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole among the inpatient isolates was 7.1 %, 92.8 %, 65.7 %, 100 %, and 85.0 %, respectively, while that among the outpatient isolates was 0.7 %, 50.0 %, 38.6 %, 96.4 %, and 65.7 %, respectively. There were 45 and 81 STs detected from the pneumococci isolated from inpatients and outpatients, respectively. CC271 was common among both inpatients and outpatients (43.6 % and 14.3 %). Conclusions Pneumococcal vaccine-related serotypes are prevalent among both inpatients and outpatients, especially among inpatients, who exhibit more severe antibiotic resistance. Therefore, universal immunization with PCV13 would decrease the hospitalization rate due to S. pneumoniae and the antibiotic resistance rate of S. pneumoniae.

Assessment of the nursing staff's knowledge on periodontal disease and its associations with systemic changes / Avaliação do conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem sobre doença periodontal e suas associações com alterações sistêmicas

Abstract Introduction The maintenance of oral health in inpatients is essential, particularly to avoid complications arising from periodontal disease, which not only affect oral health but can also exacerbate systemic issues during hospitalization. Objective: This study aimed to assess nursing staff's knowledge regarding the management of periodontal disease and its association with systemic diseases. Material and method This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a general referral hospital of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). A total of 504 nursing professionals completed a self-administered 24-item questionnaire on relating to oral care procedures and the importance of oral health in hospitalized patients. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and the chi-squared test (α = 0.05). Result Most respondents (97.8%) believed that oral infections can affect a patient's general health and that oral hygiene is important during hospitalization. However, knowledge deficits were identified. The oral effect of periodontal disease was considered moderate by 49.3% of the participants, and 74.6% believed that sugar was the most common cause of periodontal disease. Conclusion Nursing professionals are aware of the importance of maintaining oral hygiene and the relationship between periodontal and systemic diseases. However, their dental hygiene practice knowledge is limited. A training program on oral healthcare for inpatients and the inclusion of oral hygiene topics in the curricula of nursing professionals are recommended.

Resumo Introdução A manutenção da saúde bucal em pacientes internados é essencial, especialmente para evitar complicações decorrentes da doença periodontal, que não apenas afetam a saúde bucal, mas também podem agravar problemas sistêmicos durante a hospitalização. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem em relação ao manejo da doença periodontal e sua associação com doenças sistêmicas. Material e método Este estudo observacional transversal foi conduzido em um hospital geral de referência do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) do Brasil. Um total de 504 profissionais de enfermagem completaram um questionário autoaplicável com 24 questões, abordando procedimentos de cuidados bucais e a importância da saúde bucal em pacientes hospitalizados. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise descritiva e teste qui-quadrado (α = 0,05). Resultado A maioria dos entrevistados (97,8%) acreditava que infecções bucais podem afetar a saúde geral do paciente e que a higiene bucal é importante durante a hospitalização. No entanto, foram identificados déficits de conhecimento. O efeito oral da doença periodontal foi considerado moderado por 49,3% dos participantes, e 74,6% acreditavam que o açúcar era a causa mais comum da doença periodontal. Conclusão Profissionais de enfermagem reconhecem a importância da manutenção da higiene bucal e a relação entre doença periodontal e doenças sistêmicas. No entanto, seu conhecimento prático em higiene bucal é limitado. Recomenda-se um programa de treinamento em cuidados bucais para pacientes internados e a inclusão de tópicos de higiene bucal nos currículos dos profissionais de enfermagem.

Educational video for teaching safe practices in the perioperative period: randomized controlled trial / Video educativo para enseñanza de prácticas seguras en el perioperatorio: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Vídeo educativo para ensino de práticas seguras no perioperatório: ensaio clínico randomizado

Objective: to assess the effectiveness of an educational video on hospitalized patients' knowledge of safe practices in the perioperative period. Method: randomized, double-blind controlled trial carried out in a teaching hospital in the countryside of Minas Gerais. 100 participants undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery were randomly allocated (50 participants in the experimental group and 50 participants in the control group). Patient knowledge was assessed using a questionnaire constructed by the researchers and validated by specialists, before and after the intervention (educational video) or standard guidelines were applied. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative variables and Student's t-test for independent samples to analyze the mean difference in knowledge between the experimental and control groups (α = 0.05). Results: 100 participants took part in the study, 50 participants in the experimental group and 50 participants in the control group. The experimental group showed a significantly higher gain in knowledge (t =3.72 ±1.84; p<0.001) than the control group. Cohen's d was 1.22, indicating a large magnitude of the effect. Conclusion: the educational video was effective in improving patients' knowledge and can contribute to nurses in the practice of health education, optimizing time and disseminating knowledge about safe practices in the perioperative period. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC): RBR-8x5mfq.

Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de un video educativo en el conocimiento de pacientes hospitalizados sobre las prácticas seguras en el período perioperatorio. Método: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego, realizado en un hospital docente en el interior de Minas Gerais. Se asignaron aleatoriamente 100 pacientes sometidos a cirugía ortopédica electiva (50 en el grupo experimental y 50 en el control). El conocimiento del paciente se evaluó mediante un cuestionario, construido por los investigadores y validado por especialistas, antes y después de la aplicación de la intervención (video educativo) o instrucciones estándar. Se adoptó estadística descriptiva para variables cuantitativas y prueba t de Student para muestras independientes en el análisis de la media de la diferencia de conocimiento entre los grupos experimental y control (α = 0,05). Resultados: participaron en el estudio 100 pacientes, 50 en el grupo experimental y 50 en el control. El grupo experimental mostró una ganancia de conocimiento significativamente superior ( t =3.72 ±1,84; p <0,001) al grupo control. Se obtuvo un d de Cohen de 1,22, indicando una gran magnitud del efecto. Conclusión: el video educativo fue efectivo en mejorar el conocimiento de los pacientes y puede contribuir con el enfermero, en la práctica de educación en salud, en la optimización del tiempo y en la difusión del conocimiento sobre las prácticas seguras en el perioperatorio. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos (REBEC): RBR-8x5mfq.

Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade de um vídeo educativo no conhecimento de pacientes hospitalizados acerca das práticas seguras no período perioperatório. Método: ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego, realizado em hospital de ensino no interior de Minas Gerais. Foram alocados aleatoriamente 100 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortopédica eletiva (50 no grupo experimental e 50 no controle). O conhecimento do paciente foi avaliado por meio de questionário, construído pelos pesquisadores e validado por especialistas, antes e após a aplicação da intervenção (vídeo educativo) ou orientações-padrão. Adotou-se estatística descritiva para variáveis quantitativas e teste t de Student para amostras independentes na análise da média da diferença do conhecimento entre os grupos experimental e controle (α = 0,05). Resultados: participaram do estudo 100 pacientes, 50 no grupo experimental e 50 no controle. O grupo experimental apresentou ganho de conhecimento significativamente superior ( t =3.72 ±1,84; p <0,001) ao grupo controle. Obteve-se d de Cohen de 1,22, indicando grande magnitude do efeito. Conclusão: o vídeo educativo foi efetivo na melhora do conhecimento dos pacientes e pode contribuir com o enfermeiro, na prática de educação em saúde, na otimização do tempo e na disseminação do conhecimento quanto às práticas seguras no perioperatório. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (REBEC): RBR-8x5mfq.

Higiene das mãos dos profissionais de saúde: perspectivas do estudante de enfermagem no papel de paciente/familiar / Higiene de manos de los profesionales de la salud: perspectiva de estudiantes de enfermería en el papel de paciente/familiar / Healthcare professionals' hand hygiene: perspectives of nursing student's in patients/relatives role

Resumo Objetivo Investigar as opiniões e atitudes dos estudantes de enfermagem no papel de pacientes ou familiares de pacientes, a respeito do comportamento de higiene das mãos dos profissionais de saúde e da participação dos pacientes na campanha de higiene das mãos. Métodos Estudo transversal prospectivo realizado entre 2021-2022 no Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, de duas universidades turcas. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 330 alunos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário autoaplicável. A taxa de resposta do questionário foi de 89,43%. O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado na análise dos dados. Resultados A média de idade dos estudantes foi de 19,80±1,30 anos, 76,1% eram do sexo feminino, 50,9% afirmaram ter recebido instrução sobre Infecções Associadas aos Cuidados de Saúde (IACS). Enquanto 30,1% dos estudantes relataram realizar a higiene das mãos "9 a 11 vezes" em sua vida diária, 54,6% relataram "12 a 15 vezes" no hospital, e 96,4% dos estudantes se perguntaram se os profissionais de saúde realizavam a higiene das mãos antes de fornecer cuidados durante as internações. De acordo com 30,5% dos estudantes, lembretes dos pacientes e seus familiares sobre a realização da higiene das mãos antes do contato com os pacientes os deixariam satisfeitos. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a instrução anterior dos estudantes sobre IACS e a higiene das mãos como cuidado importante a pacientes hospitalizados (p<0,05). Conclusão Os estudantes de enfermagem apresentaram conhecimento suficiente sobre a higiene das mãos e uma atitude positiva frente aos comportamentos de higiene das mãos dos profissionais de saúde. Estudantes de enfermagem como pacientes e familiares dos pacientes podem ser incluídos nas campanhas de higiene das mãos dos profissionais de saúde, desde que as etapas do programa sejam bem planejadas.

Resumen Objetivo Investigar las opiniones y actitudes de los estudiantes de enfermería en el papel de pacientes o familiares de pacientes respecto al comportamiento de higiene de manos de los profesionales de la salud y de la participación de los pacientes en la campaña de higiene de manos. Métodos Estudio transversal prospectivo realizado entre 2021 y 2022 en el Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, de dos universidades turcas. La muestra del estudio estuvo compuesta por 330 alumnos. Los datos se recopilaron mediante cuestionario autoaplicado. El índice de respuesta del cuestionario fue de 89,43 %. Se utilizó la prueba ji cuadrado en el análisis de los datos. Resultados El promedio de edad de los estudiantes fue de 19,80±1,30 años, el 76,1 % era de sexo femenino, el 50,9 % afirmó haber recibido instrucción sobre infecciones asociadas a los cuidados de la salud (IACS). Mientras el 30,1 % de los estudiantes relató realizar la higiene de manos "9 a 11 veces" en su vida diaria, el 54,6 % relató "12 a 15 veces" en el hospital, el 96,4 % de los estudiantes se preguntó si los profesionales de la salud realizaban la higiene de manos antes de brindar cuidados durante las internaciones. El 30,5 % de los estudiantes estuvo satisfecho con los recordatorios de los pacientes y sus familiares sobre la realización de la higiene de manos antes del contacto con los pacientes. Hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la instrucción anterior de los estudiantes sobre IACS y la higiene de manos como cuidado importante en pacientes hospitalizados (p<0,05). Conclusión Los estudiantes de enfermería presentaron conocimientos suficientes sobre la higiene de manos y una actitud positiva frente a los comportamientos de higiene de manos de los profesionales de la salud. Puede incluirse a los estudiantes de enfermería como pacientes y familiares de los pacientes en las campañas de higiene de manos de los profesionales de la salud, siempre que las etapas del programa estén bien planificadas.

Abstract Objective To investigate the views and attitudes of nursing students, as patients or relatives, on healthcare professionals' hand hygiene behavior and patient participation hand hygiene campaign. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the nursing departments of the health and science faculties at two Turkish universities between 2021-2022. The study sample comprised 330 students. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The response rate of the questionnaire was 89.43%. Chi-square test was used in data analysis. Results The mean age of students was 19.80±1.30 years, 76.1% were female, 50.9% stated they had received education regarding healthcare-associated infections (HAI). While 30.1% of students reported they performed hand hygiene "9-11 times" in their daily lives, 54.6% reported performing "12-15 times" in the hospital, and 96.4% of students expressed wondering if healthcare professionals performed hand hygiene before offering care during hospitalizations. Among students, 30.5% stated that reminders from patients and their relatives about performing hand hygiene before contact with patients would make them happy. There was a statistically significant difference between students' previous training in HAIs and hand hygiene as an important inpatient care (p<0.05). Conclusion Nursing students had sufficient knowledge of hand hygiene and a positive attitude towards hand hygiene behaviors of healthcare professionals. Nursing students, such as patients and their relatives, can be included in hand hygiene campaigns for healthcare professionals, provided that the program steps are well planned.

Factores de riesgo asociados al agravamiento clínico de los pacientes ingresados con enfermedad de Alzhéimer

Introducción: La principal causa de demencia degenerativa es la enfermedad de Alzhéimer. En la población cubana, una de cada cuatro personas de 65 años y más fallece por esta enfermedad u otra forma de demencia. Objetivo : Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados al agravamiento clínico de los pacientes ingresados con enfermedad de Alzhéimer en el Hospital Psiquiátrico Universitario Rene Vallejo Ortiz entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2022. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. El universo estuvo integrado por todos los pacientes ingresados en la mencionada institución asistencial y docente. La muestra no probabilística y a criterio de los autores la integraron 77 pacientes adultos con el diagnóstico de la enfermedad en el periodo de estudio señalado. Las historias clínicas fueron la fuente secundaria de información. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. La información se resumió en tablas y gráficos. Resultados: El 90,6 % presentaban más de 60 años y más de la mitad eran del sexo masculino (54,5 %). La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron diversos síntomas asociados. Lo trastornos de personalidad y orientación se constataron en el 75,3 % mientras que los de memoria en el 72,7 %. Conclusiones: El agravamiento clínico luego del ingreso hospitalario se acentuó en aquellos pacientes sin escolaridad, solteros, desocupados, con enfermedades cerebro vasculares y presencia de familias disfuncionales presentaron. Los pacientes anémicos o con signos de irritación cortical focal en región frontoparietal con generalización secundaria presentaron mayoritariamente un empeoramiento clínico.

Introduction: The main cause of degenerative dementia is Alzheimer's disease. In the Cuban population, one in four people aged 65 and over dies from this disease or another form of dementia. Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with the clinical worsening of patients admitted with Alzheimer's disease at the Rene Vallejo Ortiz University Psychiatric Hospital. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe was made up of all patients admitted to the aforementioned healthcare and teaching institution. The non-probabilistic sample and at the discretion of the authors was made up of 77 adult patients with the diagnosis of the disease in the indicated study period between January 2013 and December 2022. Medical records were the secondary source of information. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The information was summarized in tables and graphics. Results: 90.6% were over 60 years old and more than half were male (54.5%). Most patients presented various associated symptoms. Personality and orientation disorders were found in 75.3%, while memory disorders were found in 72.7%. Conclusions: The clinical worsening after hospital admission was accentuated in those patients without schooling, single, unemployed, with cerebrovascular diseases and presence of dysfunctional families. Anemic patients or patients with signs of focal cortical irritation in the frontoparietal region with secondary generalization mostly presented clinical worsening.

Relação entre benefício e risco em interações medicamentosas nas prescrições médicas de um hospital universitário no estado de São Paulo / Benefit-risk relationship in drug interactions in prescriptions from a university hospital in the state of São Paulo / Relación beneficio-riesgo en interacciones medicamentosas en prescripciones de un hospital universitario del estado de São Paulo

Objetivo: Avaliar interações medicamentosas (IM), em que os riscos se so- brepõem aos benefícios (nível I) ou os benefícios se sobrepõem aos riscos (nível II); a partir da análise retrospectiva de prescrições médicas em um Hospital Universitário no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Foram analisadas 19762 prescrições médicas des- tinadas à farmácia do hospital, de janeiro a setembro de 2009; com o auxílio de programas sobre IM, para categorizar IM de nível I e II. Resultados: Na análise 26,53% apresentaram IM, em que 23,64% foram classificadas em nível I e 76,35% em nível II. Dentre as IM com maior frequência no nível I, estavam: ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) e clopidogrel, AAS e heparina, captopril e espironolactona, digoxina e hidroclorotiazida. Houve uma redução em percentual de IM de nível I, comparando janeiro representado por 26,5% e setembro representado por 18,4%. Já nas IM de nível II, tem-se as seguintes associações com maior frequência: AAS e propranolol, AAS e insulina regular humana, AAS e ate- nolol, AAS e enalapril, AAS e carvedilol. Conclusão: A atuação dos farmacêuticos cola- borou à redução de IM de nível I, devido à intervenção por meio de comunicação estabe- lecida com os prescritores; sinalizando a importância da equipe interprofissional em saúde.

Objective: To evaluate drug interactions (MI), in which risks outweigh the benefits (level I) or benefits outweigh the risks (level II); from the retrospective analysis of medical prescriptions in a University Hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: 19,762 prescriptions destined to the hospital pharmacy were analyzed, from January to September 2009; with the help of programs on MI, to categorize level I and II MI. Results: In the analysis 26.53% presented MI, in which 23.64% were classified in level I and 76.35% in level II. Among the most frequent level I MI were: acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel, ASA and heparin, captopril and spironolactone, digoxin and hydrochlorothiazide. There was a reduction in the percentage of level I MI, comparing January, which accounted for 26.5%, and September, which accounted for 18.4%. As for level II MI, the following associations were more frequent: ASA and propranolol, ASA and regular human insulin, ASA and atenolol, ASA and enalapril, ASA and carvedilol. Conclusion: The role of pharmacists collaborated to the reduction of level I MI, due to the intervention by means of communication established with the prescribers; signaling the importance of the interprofessional health team.

Objetivo: Evaluar las interacciones medicamentosas (IM), en las que los riesgos superan a los beneficios (nivel I) o los beneficios superan a los riesgos (nivel II); a partir del análisis retrospectivo de las prescripciones médicas en un Hospital Universitario del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Se analizaron 19.762 prescripciones destinadas a la farmacia del hospital, de enero a septiembre de 2009; con la ayuda de programas sobre IM, para categorizar los IM de nivel I y II. Resultados: En el análisis el 26,53% presentaron IM, en el que el 23,64% se clasificaron en nivel I y el 76,35% en nivel II. Entre los IM de nivel I más frecuentes estaban: ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) y clopidogrel, AAS y heparina, captopril y espironolactona, digoxina e hidroclorotiazida. Hubo una reducción del porcentaje de IM de nivel I, comparando enero, que supuso el 26,5%, y septiembre, que supuso el 18,4%. En cuanto a los IM de nivel II, fueron más frecuentes las siguientes asociaciones: AAS y propranolol, AAS e insulina humana regular, AAS y atenolol, AAS y enalapril, AAS y carvedilol. Conclusiones: El papel de los farmacéuticos colaboró a la reducción de las IM de nivel I, debido a la intervención mediante la comunicación establecida con los prescriptores; señalando la importancia del equipo sanitario interprofesional.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward mucormycosis among patients discharged from a COVID-19 care tertiary center in South India: A questionnaire-based survey

Purpose: To study the awareness of mucormycosis among discharged inpatients after receiving treatment for COVID?19 infection at a tertiary COVID care center in south India. Methods: This was a telephone?based survey conducted using a questionnaire consisting of 38 questions in five sections in the month of June–July 2021. COVID?positive inpatients who had been admitted, treated, and discharged from a government medical college were contacted via phones, and their responses were directly entered into the Google Forms platform. Results: A total of 222 participants were included in the study. Among all the participants, a cumulative 66% of participants had some knowledge of mucormycosis and 98/222 (44%) did not have any idea of mucormycosis in spite of being admitted to the hospital. More than 40% of them reported that their prime source of information was through mass communication. Around 81% of the respondents were aware that it can occur after COVID?19 infection. Among them, only 25 knew that systemic steroids were the main risk factor. Sixty?four out of 124 knew that diabetes is a major risk factor. Fifty percent agreed that a vaccine for COVID can prevent mucormycosis. Conclusion: Such knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) studies give us an idea of the impact of the measures taken for educating the public. In this study, a cumulative 66% of participants had some knowledge of mucormycosis and 34.7% were diabetics who had better knowledge and practice scores than non?diabetics. Sixty?six point nine percent felt that it was possible to prevent this condition

Prevalencia nacional de Eventos Adversos Medicamentosos en pacientes hospitalizados

Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo es estudiar la prevalencia de eventos adversos medicamentosos (EAM) en pacientes hospitalizados durante el período 2019-2020 en Chile. Además, como parte de la investigación, se realizó una validación del método que etiqueta la ocurrencia de EAM en base a los diagnósticos de egreso de los casos analizados. Diseño: La prevalencia de EAM fue estudiada para cerca de 1,7 millones de pacientes, para los cuales se analizó, además de los diagnósticos CIE10 de egreso, información sociodemográfica e indicadores de resultado sanitario de la atención, tales como el peso GRD, largo de estadía y mortalidad. Para la validación del método de identificación de EAM, se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria representativa estratificada por sexo y especialidad médica del año 2019 en un hospital público de Chile, cuyos resúmenes de egreso fueron analizados por un grupo de expertos de forma retrospectiva. Resultados: Los resultados muestran una prevalencia de EAM u otras sustancias de 2,7% y 3,1% en los egresos hospitalarios de los años 2019 y 2020 a nivel nacional y una precisión del instrumento de al menos un 83,3% (IC 90%). Conclusiones: Este estudio permite describir un fenómeno por medio de la estimación basada en datos reales, el cual es esencial para el diseño de políticas públicas en salud y estudios que apunten a enriquecer la calidad y seguridad del paciente.

Objective: To study the prevalence of adverse drug events (ADE) in hospitalized patients in Chile. As part of our research, we also assessed the validity of the method used to identify the occurrence of an ADE based on the discharge diagnoses of the patient. Design: The study included 1,7 million patients hospitalized during 2019-2020. We analyzed the following variables for each patient: ICD-10 discharge diagnoses, sociodemographic information, and clinical outcome indicators, i.e., diagnosis-related group (DRG) weight, length of stay, and mortality. To validate the method for the identification of ADEs, first, we generated a random representative sample of patients, stratified by sex and medical specialty, hospitalized in a Chilean public hospital in 2019, and then we compared the outcome of the method with the opinion of a group of clinical experts that reviewed each patient's discharge summary retrospectively. Results: The prevalence of ADEs in hospitalized patients in Chile during 2019 and 2020 was 2,7% and 3,1%, respectively. The precision of the method used to identify ADEs was 83,3% or higher (CI 90%). Conclusions: This paper uses nationwide data to describe the prevalence of ADEs and their correlation with different factors associated with the patient, the patient's disease, and the health service. These studies are essential to designing public health policies that effectively address healthcare quality and patient safety.

Valor pronóstico de la hipoglucemia hospitalaria / Prognostic value of hospital hypoglycemia

Resumen Introducción: La hipoglucemia hospitalaria (HH) es un problema importante ya que se vincula a muerte hospitalaria, estadía prolongada y mayores costos, en personas con y sin diabetes, en área crítica y sala general, sobre todo en los casos de hipoglucemia grave. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue comparar la mortalidad hospitalaria, pase a área crítica y tiempo de internación en adultos con HH, según la gravedad de la misma. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva en pacientes adultos interna dos con hipoglucemia en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires entre 2013 y 2018. Se definieron tres grupos de hipoglucemia: leve (glucemia entre 70 y 54 mg/dl), grave (glucemia < 54 mg/dl ≥ 40 mg/dl) y crítica (glucemia < 40mg/dl). Resultados: Un total de 5994 pacientes tuvieron HH, la mayoría presentó hipoglucemia leve (72%). La hipoglucemia grave y la crítica, comparadas con la hipoglucemia leve se asociaron a una mayor mortalidad: OR 2.6 (IC95% 2.2-3.1) y 4.2 (IC95% 3.5-5.0) respectivamente; y a mayor internación en áreas de cuidados críticos: OR 1.6 (IC95% 1.4-1.9) y 3.2 (IC95% 2.6-4.0) respectivamente. No hubo diferencias en el tiempo de internación. Discusión: Esta información aporta evidencia en nuestro país, sobre el valor pronóstico de la hipo glucemia, cuya mayor gravedad se asocia a mayor internación en áreas críticas y mayor mortalidad hospitalaria.

Abstract Background: Hospital hypoglycemia (HH) is an important problem since it is linked to hospital death, prolonged stay and higher costs, both in people with and without diabetes, in the critical area and general ward, especially in cases of severe hypoglycemia. The objective of our work was to compare hospital mortality, transfer to the critical area and hospitalization periods in adults with HH according to its severity. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort of adults hospitalized with hypoglycemia at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires between 2013 and 2018. Three groups of hypoglycemia were defined: mild (glycemia between 70 and 54 mg/dl), severe (glycemia < 54 mg/dl and ≥ 40 mg/dl) and critical (glycemia<40mg/dl). Results: A total of 5994 patients had HH, the majority presented mild hypoglycemia (72%). Severe and critical hypoglycemia, compared with mild hypo glycemia, were associated with higher mortality: OR 2.6 (95%CI 2.2-3.1) and 4.2 (95%CI 3.5-5.0) respectively; and increased hospitalization in critical care areas: OR 1.6 (95%CI 1.4-1.9) and 3.2 (95%CI 2.6-4.0) respectively. There were no differences in length of stay. Discussion: This information provides, in our country, evidence on the prognostic value of hypoglycemia, whose greater severity is associated with increased hospitalization in critical areas and higher hospital mortality.

A segurança do paciente e a avaliação do risco de quedas / Patient safety and fall-risk assessment / Seguridad del paciente y evaluación de riesgo de caída

Objetivo: Avaliar os pacientes hospitalizados quanto ao risco de quedas. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado por meio da aplicação da escala de Morse e registros de prontuários. Realizou-se estatísticas descritivas e Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, adotando-se o nível de 5%. Resultados: Dos 244 participantes, 139 (57%) eram do sexo masculino, 86 (47,5%) idosos, 116 (47,5%) com companheiro, 112 (45,9%) pardos e 173 (70,9%) com baixa escolaridade. O risco de quedas foi associado ao histórico de quedas (p=0,000), diagnóstico secundário (p<0,001), deambulação (p=0,002), marcha (p<0,001) e estado mental (p<0,000). A maioria dos entrevistados 194 (79,5%) estão sob um risco moderado a alto de sofrer quedas da própria altura 37 (15,2%), ocorridas no quarto ou na enfermaria 38 (15,6%). Conclusão: Observou-se um risco moderado a alto para quedas nos pacientes hospitalizados, o que aponta para a necessidade de implementação de políticas de segurança do paciente para garantir a qualidade da assistência. (AU)

Objective: Assess hospitalized patients for the risk of falls. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out through the application of the Morse scale and medical records. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's Chi-square test were performed, adopting the 5% level. Results: Of the 244 participants, 139 (57%) were male, 86 (47.5%) elderly, 116 (47.5%) with a partner, 112 (45.9%) brown and 173 (70.9%) with low education level. The risk of falls was associated with a history of falls (p = 0.000), secondary diagnosis (p <0.001), walking (p = 0.002), gait (p <0.001) and mental status (p <0.000). Most respondents 194 (79.5%) are at moderate to high risk of suffering falls from their own height 37 (15.2%), in their bedroom or in the ward 38 (15.6%). Conclusion: There was a moderate to high risk for falls in hospitalized patients, which points to the need of implementing patient safety policies in order to guarantee quality of care. (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar a los pacientes hospitalizados por el riesgo de caídas. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado a través de la aplicación de la escala Morse y registros médicos. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas y la prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, adoptando el nivel del 5%. Resultados: De los 244 participantes, 139 (57%) eran hombres, 86 (47.5%) ancianos, 116 (47.5%) con una pareja, 112 (45.9%) marrones y 173 (70.9%) con baja educacion. El riesgo de caídas se asoció con antecedentes de caídas (p = 0.000), diagnóstico secundario (p <0.001), caminar (p = 0.002), marcha (p <0.001) y estado mental (p <0.000). La mayoría de los encuestados 194 (79.5%) tienen un riesgo moderado a alto de sufrir caídas desde su propia altura 37 (15.2%), ocurriendo en el dormitorio o en la sala 38 (15.6%). Conclusión: Hubo un riesgo moderado a alto de caídas en pacientes hospitalizados, lo que apunta a la necesidad de implementar políticas de seguridad del paciente para garantizar la calidad de la atención. (AU)

Contenido de sodio en antimicrobianos parenterales: Una fuente extra de sodio a considerarse en pacientes hospitalizados / Sodium content in parenteral antibiotics: An extra source of sodium to be considered in hospitalized patients

Los antimicrobianos parenterales son esenciales en el tratamiento de infecciones intrahospitalarias, sin embargo, es importante considerar la carga de sodio y volumen que pueden aportar, especialmente, en pacientes con restricción sódica. En el presente estudio se identificaron los antimicrobianos parenterales usados en uno de los hospitales más grandes del Perú. Se revisó la cantidad de sodio intrínseco y se calculó la cantidad de sodio total por día de tratamiento según el régimen frecuentemente usado en adultos. Como resultado, se encontró que 22% de las terapias antimicrobianas superaban el requerimiento de sodio diario, lo que podría ser perjudicial para pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca, enfermedad renal crónica, con cirrosis hepática, entre otros.

Parenteral antibiotics are essential in the treatment of nosocomial infections; however, their sodium load and volume should be considered as an extra source, especially, in patients with sodium restriction. In this study, we identified the parental antibiotics used in one of the largest hospitals in Peru. We reviewed the amount of intrinsic sodium and we calculated the sodium load per day of treatment according to the commonly used regimen in adults. As a result, we found that 22% of the antibiotic treatment regimens exceed the daily sodium requirement, which could be harmful for patients with heart failure, chronic kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, among others.

Quedas entre pacientes internados em um hospital público e de ensino: uma análise das notificações / Falls of patients admitted to a public and teaching hospital: an analysis of notifications / Caídas en pacientes ingresados en un hospital público y docente: análisis de las no-tificaciones

Objetivo: descrever o perfil das quedas notificadas de pacientes internados em um hospital público e de ensino. Método: estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, com análise estatística descritiva, inferencial e de correspondência múltipla dos dados de notificações do aplicativo Vigilância em Saúde e Gestão de Riscos Assistenciais Hospitalares sobre quedas de pacientes internados entre 2017 e 2019. Resultados: predominaram, dentre 153 notificações de quedas no período, as ocorridas no quarto, em unidades de atendimento cirúrgico, emergencial e clínico, sofridas por pacientes do sexo masculino, na faixa etária entre 20 e 59 anos. Nesta, destacaram-se os idosos. A abrasão foi o dano mais relatado. A análise de correspondência múltipla não apresentou significância. Conclusão: a análise dos eventos notificados contribuiu para o planejamento e a implantação do Programa Fall Tailoring Interventions for Patient Safety Brasil para aprimoramento da gestão dos riscos relacionados.(AU)

Objective: to describe the profile of reported falls of patients admitted to a public and teaching hospital. Method: descriptive and retrospective study, with descriptive, inferential, and multiple correspondence statistical analysis of notification data from the Health Surveillance and Hospital Care Risk Management app on falls of hospitalized patients between 2017 and 2019. Results: predominated, among 153 notifications of falls in the period, those occurring in the ward, in surgical, emergency, and clinical care units, suffered by male patients, aged between 20 and 59 years. In this, the elderly stood out. Abrasion was the most reported harm. Multiple correspondence analysis did not show significance. Conclusion: the analysis of reported events contributed to the planning and implementation of the Fall Tailoring Interventions for Patient Safety Program in Brazil to improve the management of related risks.(AU)

Objetivo: describir el perfil de las caídas de pacientes internados reportadas en un hospital público y de enseñanza. Método: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, con análisis estadístico descriptivo, inferencial y análisis de correspondencias múltiples de datos de notificación de la aplicación Vigilancia en Salud y Gestión de Riesgos de Atención Hospitalaria sobre caídas de pacientes hospitalizados entre 2017 y 2019. Resultados: predominó, entre 153 notificaciones de caídas en el período, las ocurridas en el dormitorio, en unidades quirúrgicas, de emergencia y de atención clínica, sufridos por pacientes del sexo masculino, con edades entre 20 y 59 años. En este último, se destacaron los adultos mayores. La abrasión fue el daño más reportado. El análisis de correspondencia múltiple no mostró significación. Conclusión: el análisis de los eventos notificados contribuyó para la planificación e implementación del Programa Fall Tailoring Interventions for Patient Safety en Brasil para mejorar la gestión de sus riesgos re-lacionados.(AU

Effect of Diurnal Temperature Range on the Number of Residents Hospitalized Due to Stroke in Lanzhou / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the relationship between diurnal temperature range (DTR) and the hospitalization of stroke in Lanzhou,so as to provide a scientific basis for probing into the mechanism of temperature changes in inducing stroke and formulating comprehensive prevention and control measures for stroke by relevant departments.Methods The information of the patients hospitalized due to stroke in Lanzhou during January 2014 to December 2019 and the air pollutants (PM10,SO2,and NO2) and meteorological data in the same period were collected for statistical analysis.Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlations between air pollutants and meteorological factors.The distributed lag nonlinear model was adopted to fit the relationship between DTR and the number of stroke inpatients,and three-dimensional diagrams and the correlation diagrams of DTR against stroke risk were established.The stratified analysis was performed according to gender and age (< 65 years and ≥65 years).Results From 2014 to 2019,a total of 92 812 stroke patients were hospitalized in Lanzhou,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.35:1.There was a nonlinear relationship between DTR and the number of stroke inpatients in Lanzhou,which presented a lag effect.The low DTR at 4.5 ℃ had the largest RR value of 1.25 (95%CI=1.16-1.35) for stroke inpatients at a cumulative lag of 18 d.The effect of high DTR (18.5 ℃) on the hospitalization of stroke patients peaked at a cumulative lag of 21 d,with an RR value of 1.09 (95%CI=1.01-1.18).The stratified analysis results suggested that low levels of DTR had greater effects on the hospitalization of male stroke patients and stroke patients <65 years.Conclusions Short-term exposure to different levels of DTR had an impact on the number of stroke inpatients,and low levels of DTR had a slightly greater impact on stroke inpatients than high levels of DTR.Importance should be attached to the protection of males and people aged <65 years at low levels of DTR.

Early mobilisation following fragility hip fracture surgery: current trends and association with discharge outcomes in a local tertiary hospital

INTRODUCTION@#Postoperative day 1 (POD 1) mobilisation is a key clinical indicator for the fragility hip fracture surgery population. This study aimed to evaluate the current trends of POD 1 mobilisation at our institution and to review the relationships between early mobilisation and outcomes of early functional recovery, length of stay (LOS) and discharge destination.@*METHODS@#In this preliminary observational study, data pertaining to demographics, premorbid function, health status, injury and surgical factors, POD 1 mobilisation status and clinical outcomes of interest were retrieved from eligible patients. Patients who attained POD 1 ambulation formed the early ambulation (EA) group, while the remaining patients formed the delayed ambulation (DA) group. Data were analysed for any significant difference between the groups.@*RESULTS@#One hundred and fifteen patients were included in the analysis. The rate of patients achieving at least sitting out of bed on POD 1 was 80.0% (n=92), which was comparable to the data available from international hip fracture audit databases. There were 55 (47.8%) patients in the EA group and 60 (52.5%) patients in the DA group. The EA group was approximately nine times more likely to achieve independence in ambulation at discharge compared to the DA group (adjusted odds ratio 9.20, 95% confidence interval 1.50-56.45; P = 0.016). There were observed trends of shorter LOS and more proportion of home discharge in the EA group compared to the DA group (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#This is the first local study to offer benchmark of the POD 1 mobilisation status for this population. Patients who attained POD 1 ambulation had better early functional recovery.

Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Inpatients in a Tertiary Hospital in Guangzhou During the Covid-19 Pandemic / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveAt the end of November 2022， Guangzhou implemented the latest Covid-19 epidemic prevention policy and began to gradually lift the lockdown. However， under the new epidemic prevention situation， the situation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients in China is still unclear. Accordingly， this paper aims to study the SARS-CoV-2 infection of hospitalized patients in Guangzhou under the new epidemic prevention and control situation. MethodsThe results of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests in our hospital from the end of November 2022 to the beginning of February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests in outpatients and inpatients under the new epidemic prevention situation， and the nosocomial infection of SARS-CoV-2 in inpatients were statistically analyzed. ResultsThis study retrospectively analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results of 13 959 patients， including 6 966 outpatients and 6 993 inpatients. On November 30， 2022， the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results of outpatients began to be positive， indicating that the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 infection had begun. On December 7， one case of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results of hospitalized patients was positive， and nosocomial infections began to break out. On December 15， the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test among patients exceeded 40 %， and the epidemic entered its peak period. After the end of December， the test positive rate gradually decreased， but the positive rate of inpatients was always higher than that of outpatients. Compared with December 2022， the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test of patients in many departments in January 2023 decreased， but the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test of inpatients in the oncology department increased significantly （P < 0.001）. Further analysis found that the nosocomial infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in inpatients was 86.57 % （329/380）. However， the nosocomial infection rate in lymphoma patients ［58.33 % （14/24）］ was significantly lower than that of the hospitalized patients with other disease types （P < 0.001）. ConclusionThe positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing among patients reached its peak in mid-December 2022. In January 2023， the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing gradually decreased， while the number or positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing positive patients in some departments increased. The nosocomial infection rate among hospitalized patients is as high as 90 %. There are differences in the nosocomial infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 among inpatients with different disease types. In summary， this study provides preliminary data on the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospitalized patients in Guangzhou， as well as the protection against infection among hospitalized patients and cross-infection between medical staffs and patients.

Is calf circumference associated with clinical and nutritional outcome in older patients? / A circunferência da panturrilha está associada ao desfecho clínico e nutricional em pacientes idosos?

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown a relationship between calf circumference (CC) and outcomes in hospitalized patients. AIMS: To investigate the relationship between CC and clinical and nutritional outcomes in older in-patients (OiP) in a surgery ward. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with 417 OiP in a surgery ward. Clinical variables, anthropometry, and nutritional screening instruments such as subjective global assessment (SGA), mini nutritional assessment (MNA), and nutritional risk screening (NRS) were used in the investigation. The tests Pearson's chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's coefficient, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to review the factors associated with CC. RESULTS: Lower CC values were found in the age group 80 years and over (p<0.0001), presence of complications (p=0.0269), NRS (p<0.0001), SGA (p<0.0001), and MNA (p<0.0001). Gender (p=0.0011; partial R2=0.01151), age (p=0.0002; partial R2=0.06032), body mass index (p≤0.0001; partial R2=0.40820), and arm circumference (p≤0.0001; partial R2=0.11890) are variables that together were associated with CC. There was also a relationship between SGA (p=0.0166; partial R2=0.00605) and absence of complications during hospitalization (p=0.0047; R2=0.01154) with CC. CONCLUSIONS: Gender, age, body mass index, and arm circumference were jointly associated with CC, in addition to SGA and absence of complications. The CC is a relevant indicator for OiP in the clinical practice.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Estudos anteriores mostraram uma relação entre a circunferência da panturrilha (CP) e desfechos em pacientes hospitalizados. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a relação entre CP e desfecho clínico e nutricional em pacientes idosos hospitalizados (PIH) em uma enfermaria cirúrgica. MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo transversal com 417 PIH em uma enfermaria de cirurgia. Variáveis clínicas, antropometria e instrumentos de triagem nutricional como avaliação subjetiva global (ASG), mini avaliação nutricional (MAN) e triagem de risco nutricional (NRS) foram utilizados na investigação. Qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, coeficiente de Spearman e análise de regressão linear múltipla foram usados para analisar os fatores associados a CP. RESULTADOS: Menores valores de CP foram encontrados na faixa etária de 80 anos (p<0,0001), complicações (p=0,0269), risco nutricional pelo NRS (p<0,0001), ASG (p<0,0001) e MAN (p<0,0001). Sexo (p=0,0011; R2 parcial=0,01151), idade (p=0,0002; R2 parcial=0,06032), IMC (p≤0,0001; R2 parcial=0,40820) e circunferência do braço (CB) (p≤0,0001; R2 parcial=0,11890) foram variáveis que juntas estiveram associadas com a CP. Também houve relação entre ASG (p=0,0166; R2 parcial=0,00605) e ausência de complicações durante a internação (p=0,0047; R2= 0,01154) com a CP. CONCLUSÕES: Sexo, idade, IMC e CB associaram-se conjuntamente com CP, ASG e ausência de complicações. CP é um indicador relevante em PIH na prática clínica.

Alterações de linguagem em pacientes pós lesão encefálica adquirida na fase aguda / Language changes in patients after brain injury acquired in the acute phase

Caracterizar as alterações de linguagem encontradas em pacientes com lesão encefálica adquirida em fase aguda Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional, descritiva do tipo transversal. A avaliação foi realizada nas enfermarias de um hospital de urgências, com pacientes de idade superior a 18 anos, diagnóstico de lesão encefálica adquirida e tempo de internação de até 60 dias. O protocolo utilizado incluiu avaliação das praxias orais, expressão, compreensão da linguagem oral e leitura. Ao final, foi possível apresentar as hipóteses diagnósticas de afasias fluentes e não fluentes, disartria e sem alteração de linguagem. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva através da distribuição de frequência absoluta e frequência relativa Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 24 pacientes sendo a maioria do gênero masculino, com média de idade de 51 anos. O diagnóstico de maior frequência foi Acidente Vascular Cerebral. Dos pacientes avaliados, 79% tiveram alterações de fala/linguagem. As hipóteses diagnósticas fonoaudiológicas encontradas foram: afasia global, afasia de broca, afasia transcortical mista, afasia de condução, afasia transcortical motora, afasia transcortical sensorial e disartria. Conclusão: A afasia global foi o transtorno de linguagem de maior ocorrência entre os indivíduos, bem como o gênero masculino e o acidente vascular cerebral. A avaliação da linguagem de pacientes com lesões encefálicas adquiridas na fase aguda é pertinente, pois promove o levantamento de alterações desde as perceptíveis até as mais discretas

To characterize the language disorders found in patients with brain injury acquired in the acute phase Methods: This is an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study. The evaluation was carried out in the wards of an emergency hospital, with patients aged over 18 years, diagnosed with acquired brain injury and hospitalization time of up to 60 days. The protocol used included assessment of oral praxis, expression, comprehension of oral language and reading. In the end, it was possible to present the diagnostic hypotheses of fluent and non-fluent aphasias, dysarthria and without language alteration. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics through the distribution of absolute frequency and relative frequency. Results: The sample consisted of 24 patients, most of whom were male, with a mean age of 51 years. The most frequent diagnosis was Cerebral Vascular Accident. Of the evaluated patients, 79% had speech/language disorders. The speech-language diagnostic hypotheses found were: global aphasia, drill aphasia, mixed transcortical aphasia, conduction aphasia, motor transcortical aphasia, sensory transcortical aphasia and dysarthria. Conclusion: Global aphasia was the most frequent language disorder among individuals, as well as males and stroke. The evaluation of the language of patients with brain injuries acquired in the acute phase is relevant, as it promotes the survey of changes from the perceptible to the most discreet

Caracterización del dolor abdominal crónico en pacientes del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Eduardo Agramonte Piña

Introducción: El dolor abdominal recurrente es un síntoma común en los niños y causa gran ansiedad a la familia. Representa hasta el 10 % de las consultas en pediatría, con frecuencia entre escolares y adolescentes, del 85 al 90 % de los casos la causa obedece a un trastorno de tipo funcional. Objetivo: Caracterizar el dolor abdominal recurrente en niños ingresados en el hospital pediátrico Eduardo Agramonte Piña de la provincia Camagüey. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, cuyo universo de trabajo estuvo constituido por 122 pacientes ingresados con diagnóstico de dolor abdominal recurrente, durante el período de estudio. Para la obtención de la información se utilizó el análisis de documentos al revisar las historias clínicas del total de pacientes atendidos y los materiales bibliográficos. Resultados: De 122 pacientes estudiados el grupo más afectado correspondió al de 13-18 años de edad, seguido del grupo escolar de 7-12 años para un total de 73 y 45 casos, respectivamente. Entre los factores que aumentó la frecuencia estuvo la exposición mantenida a situaciones estresantes relacionadas con la disfunción del medio ambiente familiar y social del niño, expresados en los resultados, de 122 pacientes, 91 proceden de medios socio-ambientales disfuncionales, con predominio en las etapas escolares y de la adolescencia. Conclusiones: El número de pacientes con resultados de laboratorio negativos fue mayor que el de los positivos, por lo cual el dolor abdominal de origen funcional superó al de tipo orgánico.

Introduction: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a common symptom in children and causes great anxiety to the family. It represents up to 10% of pediatric consultations. It occurs frequently among schoolchildren and adolescents and in 85 to 90% of cases the cause is due to a functional disorder. Objective: To characterize the behavior of recurrent abdominal pain in children admitted to the Eduardo Agramonte Piña pediatric hospital in the province of Camagüey. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out, whose universe of work consisted of 122 patients admitted with a diagnosis of recurrent abdominal pain, during the study period. To obtain the information, document analysis was used by reviewing the clinical histories of the total number of patients treated and the bibliographic materials. Results: Of a total of 122 patients studied, the most affected group corresponded to 13 to 18 years of age, followed by the school group of 7 to 12 years for a total of 73 and 45 cases, respectively. Among the factors that increased the frequency was sustained exposure to stressful situations related to the dysfunction of the child's family and social environment, expressed in the results: of 122 patients, 91 come from dysfunctional socio-environmental environments, with predominance in the schoolchildren and adolescents stages. Conclusions: The number of patients with negative laboratory results was greater than that of positive ones, that is why abdominal pain of functional origin exceeded that of organic origin.