Characteristics Influencing the Occurrence of Respiratory Medical Device-related Pressure Ulcers in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

PURPOSE: This prospective study was conducted to determine the incidence and related characteristics of respiratory medical device-related pressure ulcers (MDRPU) in children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS: The participants were 184 children who were admitted to the PICU of P University Hospital from April 2016 to January 2017. Data were collected on the occurrence of respiratory MDRPU and characteristics regarding the application of respiratory medical devices. RESULTS: Respiratory MDRPU occurred in 11.9% of participants (58.3%: stage I ulcers, 37.5%: mucosal ulcers). The devices associated with respiratory MDRPU were endotracheal tubes (54.2%), high-flow nasal cannulas (37.5%), and oximetry probes (8.3%). Respiratory MDRPU associated with an endotracheal tube were significant differences according to the site and strength of fixation, the use of a bite block and adhesive tape, skin dryness, and edema. In high-flow nasal cannulas, significant differences were found according to the site of fixation, immobility after fixation, and skin dryness. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of respiratory MDRPU is significantly affected by the method and strength of fixation, as well as skin dryness and edema. Therefore, appropriate consideration of these factors in nursing care can help prevent respiratory MDRPU.

Mobilização precoce no paciente pediátrico criticamente enfermo: conhecimento e percepção da equipe multiprofissional de um hospital universitário / Early mobilization in critically ill pediatric patient: knowledge and perception of the multidisciplinary team of a university hospital

Introdução: A falta de conhecimento sobre a mobilização precoce em pacientes pediátricos criticamente enfermos e a pouca percepção da sua importância têm sido descritos como contribuintes para a sua pouca difusão na área. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento e a percepção da equipe multiprofissional de um hospital universitário acerca da mobilização precoce em pacientes pediátricos criticamente enfermos. Metodologia: Estudo observacional seccional analítico por meio de aplicação de questionário autopreenchido pelos profissionais da equipe multiprofissional que atuavam na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica de um hospital universitário. Resultados: 60 profissionais responderam ao questionário, dentre eles: cinco (8,3%) fisioterapeutas, 19 (31,7%) médicos, 12 (20%) enfermeiros e 24 (40%) técnicos em enfermagem. Entre os participantes, 35 (58%) responderam que os estudos existentes na área pediátrica sugerem benefícios, enquanto 18 (30%) relataram não ter opinião formada sobre o assunto. Com relação à percepção da importância da mobilização precoce, 14 (23,3%) consideram-na crucial, 24 (40%) muito importante, 18 (30%) importante e quatro (6,6%) pouco importante ou sem opinião sobre o assunto. Houve correlação positiva significativa entre o conhecimento e a percepção (P = 0,0075). Conclusão: A maioria dos participantes possui conhecimento acerca do tema e reconhece a sua importância, existindo uma relação positiva entre essas variáveis.

Introduction: The lack of knowledge about early mobilization in critically ill pediatric patients and the low perception of its importance have been described as contributing to its low diffusion in the area. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and perception of the multiprofessional team of an university hospital about early mobilization in critically ill pediatric patients. Methodology: Analytical sectional observational study through the application of a self-administered questionnaire by professionals from the multiprofessional team working in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of an university hospital. Results: 60 professionals answered the questionnaire, among them: five (8.3%) physiotherapists, 19 (31.7%) physicians, 12 (20%) nurses and 24 (40%) nursing technicians. Of the participants, 35 (58%) answered that existing studies in the pediatric area suggest benefits, while 18 (30%) reported having no opinion about the subject matter. Regarding the perception of early mobilization importance, 14 (23.3%) considered it to be crucial, 24 (40%) very important, 18 (30%) important and four (6.6%) were of little importance or no opinion about the subject matter. There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge and perception (P = 0.0075). Conclusion: Most of the participants have knowledge about the topic and recognize its importance, and there is a positive relationship between these variables.

Fungemia por saccharomyces cerevisiae em paciente pediátrico após tratamento com probiótico / Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in a pediatric patient after treatment with probiotics

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever um paciente com infecção de corrente sanguínea associada ao uso de probiótico em criança de um ano de idade e discutir as principais indicações e precauções com o emprego terapêutico desses microrganismos. Descrição do caso: Paciente masculino, um ano de idade, portador de síndrome de Down, em pós-operatório tardio de correção de cardiopatia congênita, com desnutrição grave e internado desde os dois meses de vida em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica. Durante o período de internação, apresentou inúmeras infecções relacionadas à ventilação mecânica, cateteres vasculares e outros dispositivos, com uso prolongado e recorrente de antibióticos de amplo espectro. Evoluiu com diarreia crônica e intolerância alimentar, que culminou com o uso de probiótico (Saccharomyces boulardii) por quatro dias. Dois dias após o término do probiótico, desenvolveu choque séptico, com hemoculturas central e periférica positivas para Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Após tratamento antifúngico (Anfotericina B), houve negativação das culturas. O paciente evoluiu sem complicações clínicas adicionais após o evento. Comentários: Apesar dos benefícios bem documentados do uso de probióticos em algumas situações clínicas, deve-se ter cautela quanto à indicação de uso, preparo e administração do medicamento, além do manuseio seguro dos dispositivos invasivos do paciente.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the case of a one-year-old patient with a bloodstream infection associated with probiotics, and to discuss the indications and precautions concerning the therapeutic use of probiotics. Case description: A one-year-old male patient with Down syndrome in a late postoperative period of congenital cardiac disease correction. The patient was severely malnourished and had been hospitalized since he was two months old in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. While in the hospital, the patient presented multiple infections related to mechanical ventilation and invasive devices, and received recurrent treatment with broadspectrum antibiotics for long periods. The patient developed chronic diarrhea and feeding intolerance, which lead to the use of probiotics (Saccharomyces boulardii) for four days. Two days after the end of the treatment, the patient developed septic shock, and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated in the central and peripheral blood cultures. After antifungal treatment (Amphotericin B), the blood cultures were negative. The patient had no further clinical complications after this event. Comments: Despite the well-documented benefits of probiotics in some clinical situations, we should be cautious about the indication of their use, preparation, and administration, in addition to the safe handling of invasive devices.