Prévalence de l'infection par l'hépatite virale B et facteurs associés chez les enfants des sujets ivoiriens porteurs de l'AGHBS / Prevalence of hepatitis B infection and factors associated in children of Ivorian HBsAg carrier

Objectifs : Déterminer la prévalence de l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) chez les enfants (sujets contact) des sujets porteurs chroniques de l'Ag HBs (sujets index) et rechercher les facteurs associés à cette infection chez ces enfants.Patients et méthodes: il s'est agi d'étude rétrospective transversale portant sur les patients positifs pour l'Ag HBs (sujets index), dont la famille (sujets contact: conjoints et enfants) a été soumise à un dépistage systématique de l'infection par le VHB. Résultats: L'âge médian de nos 44 sujets était de 43,1 ± 7,49 ans. Le nombre moyen d'enfants par sujet index était de 2,3 ± 1,1. L'âge médian des 92 enfants était de 9,3 ± 4,55 (de 1 à 15 ans) et 43 (44,8%) étaient vaccinés contre le VHB. La fréquence de l'infection par le VHB était de 24%. Les facteurs indépendants associés à l'infection par le VHB chez les enfants étaient l'ADN du VHB pour les sujets index> 2000 UI/ml (OR = 11,5; p = 0,001), l'existence du VHB chez les deux parents (OR = 7,9; p = 0,03) et l'absence de vaccination contre le VHB chez les enfants (OR = 30,9; p = 0,003). Conclusion: La couverture vaccinale des enfants des sujets index était insuffisante. Outre la transmission verticale, le risque de transmission intrafamiliale était élevé en présence d'au moins un des trois facteurs associés

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children (contact subjects) of chronic HBsAg (index subjects) and to investigate the factors associated with this infection in these children. Patients and methods: this was a retrospective cross-sectional study of HBsAg positive patients (index subjects), whose families (contact subjects: spouses and children) were routinely screened for HBV infection. Results: The median age of our 44 subjects was 43.1 ± 7.49 years. The average number of children per index subject was 2.3 ± 1.1. The median age of the 92 children was 9.3± 4.55 (1 to 15 years) and 43 (44.8%) were vaccinated against HBV. The prevalence of HBV infection was 24%. The independent factors associated with HBV infection in children were HBV DNA for index subjects> 2000 IU/ml (OR = 11.5; p = 0.001), the existence of HBV in both parents (OR = 7.9; p = 0.03) and no HBV vaccination in children (OR = 30.9; p = 0.003). Conclusion: Immunization coverage of children of index subjects was insufficient. In addition to vertical transmission, the risk of intrafamilial transmission was high in the presence of at least one of the three associated factors.

Abuso sexual intrafamiliar, as Varas da Família e os meandros da perícia social em Serviço Social / Intrafamilial sexual abuse, Family Matters Courts and the intricacies of forensics in Social Work

Resumo: A intervenção de assistentes sociais em situações de abuso sexual intrafamiliar carece de sistematização, contemplando as mediações históricas fundamentais que perfazem as particularidades dessa atuação. A presente análise faz aproximações à interlocução do Direito e do Serviço Social, na especificidade das exigências das Varas da Família e dos desafios postos à perícia social em Serviço Social na complexidade da violência sexual, sexualidade e família. Os achados da análise empreendida apontam que é pela apreensão da sociabilidade familiar que podem emergir aspectos da violência e suas manifestações.

Abstract: The intervention made by social workers in situations of intrafamilial sexual abuse lacks a systematization that takes into account the fundamental historic mediations that characterize the particularities of such circunstances. This analysis establishes links between the Law and Social Work, in the specificities required by Family Matter Courts and the challenges presented to Forensics in Social Work within the complexity of sexual violence, sexuality and family. Findings from the analysis show that aspects of violence and its manifestations can surface when we apprehend family sociability,

"É muito peso para uma pessoa só": narrativas interativas de adolescentes sobre o (des) acolhimento institucional / "Too much weight for one person": interactive narratives of teenagers about the loss of an institutional shelter / "Fue demasiado peso para una persona sola": narrativas interactivas de adolescentes sobre la pérdida del refugio institucional

O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a experiência emocional de 14 adolescentes abrigados frente a possibilidade de desabrigamento considerando a usual permanência prolongada do adolescente na situação de acolhimento institucional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa psicanalítica em que adotamos uma Narrativa Interativa (NI) em duas entrevistas coletivas seguidas de uma reflexão sobre o tema investigado, além de uma entrevista individual seguida de um momento de reflexão com uma adolescente que não teve a oportunidade de participar do grupo. A análise do material narrativo resultou em campos de sentido afetivo-emocional. Destacamos o campo emblemático "É muito peso para uma pessoa só", que descortina os sucessivos desabrigamentos e o consequente desamparo vividos pelos jovens como resultados da sobreposição de vulnerabilidades que cercam a vida dos participantes.

The aim of this study is to understand the emotional experience of 14 sheltered adolescents in the face of the possibility of helplessness considering the usual prolonged stay of the adolescent in the institutional shelter situation. This is a qualitative psychoanalytic research in which we adopted an Interactive Narrative (NI) in two group interviews and one individual interview followed by a reflection on the theme investigated, in addition to an individual interview, followed by a moment of reflection with a teenager who did not have the opportunity to participate in the group. The analysis of narrative material resulted in fields of affective-emotional meaning. We highlight the emblematic field "It's too much weight for one person", which reveals the successive homelessness episodes and the consequent helplessness experienced by the young people as a result of the overlapping vulnerabilities that surround the participants' lives.

El objetivo de este estudio es comprender la experiencia emocional de 14 adolescentes protegidos ante la posibilidad de quedarse sin hogar considerando la prolongada estadía habitual del adolescente en la situación del refugio institucional. Esta es una investigación psicoanalítica cualitativa en la que adoptamos una Narrativa Interactiva (NI) en dos entrevistas grupales y una entrevista individual seguida de una reflexión sobre el tema investigado, además de una entrevista individual seguida de un momento de reflexión con una adolescente que no tuvo la oportunidad de participar en el grupo. El análisis del material narrativo resultó en campos de significado afectivo-emocional. Destacamos el campo emblemático "Es demasiado peso para una persona sola", que revela la sucesiva falta de vivienda y la consecuente impotencia experimentada por los jóvenes como resultado de las vulnerabilidades superpuestas que rodean las vidas de los participantes.

Violencia intrafamiliar contra mujeres de Santiago de Cuba / Intrafamilial Violence against Women from a Medical Office in Santiago de Cuba

Introducción: La violencia de género representa en la actualidad un grave problema para la humanidad y afecta a todos los países y a millones de personas, sobre todo a mujeres y niñas. Objetivo: Caracterizar a las mujeres que sufren violencia intrafamiliar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en el Consultorio Médico de Familia No. 12 del Policlínico Docente Ramón López Peña, del municipio Santiago de Cuba, en el período noviembre 2018 a junio 2019. El universo de estudio estuvo conformado por 378 mujeres de 15 años y más, y la muestra por 43 féminas que sufrían algún tipo de violencia. Se les aplicó un cuestionario. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, escolaridad, nivel ocupacional, estado conyugal, tipo de abuso y familiar perpetrador de la violencia. Para el procesamiento de la información se utilizaron distribuciones de frecuencia absolutas y porcentaje. Los datos se procesaron en el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 11.0. Los resultados obtenidos se muestran en tablas y gráficos, para facilitar su comprensión y análisis. Resultados: Se evidenció que 43,6 por ciento perteneció al grupo de edad de 20 a 35 años; 53,4 por ciento era ama de casa, predominó la unión consensual (55,9 por ciento), el nivel superior medio (48,8 por ciento), la violencia física (41,9 por ciento), perpetrada por el esposo o pareja (44,2 por ciento) y 53,5 por ciento no tuvo percepción del acto. Conclusiones: Fue frecuente la presencia de violencia contra las mujeres, acto que involucraba al resto de la familia. Las féminas no tenían percepción de que eran maltratadas, y eran en su mayoría amas de casa sometidas a la voluntad de su pareja(AU)

Introduction: Gender-related violence currently represents a serious problem for humanity and affects all countries and millions of people, especially women and girls. Objective: To characterize women who suffer domestic violence and from a family medical office in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the family medical office # 12 of Ramón López Peña Teaching Polyclinic of Santiago de Cuba Municipality, in the period from November 2018 to June 2019. The study universe consisted of 378 women aged 15 years and more. The sample was made up of 43 women who suffered some type of violence. A questionnaire was applied to them. The variables studied were age, schooling, occupational level, marital status, type of abuse and relative perpetrator of violence. For processing the information, absolute frequency and percentage distributions were used. The data were processed using the statistical package SPSS (version 11.0). The results obtained are shown in tables and graphs, to facilitate their understanding and analysis. Results: It was evidenced that 43.6 percent belonged to the age group 20-35 years. 53.4 percent; were housewives. There was a predominance of consensual union (55.9 percent), senior-high schooling (48.8 percent), and physical violence (41.9 percent), perpetrated by the husband or partner (44, 2 percent), while 53.5 percent had no perception of the act. Conclusions: The presence of violence against women was frequent, an act that involved the rest of the family. The women had no perception that they were mistreated. They were mostly housewives subjected to the will of their partner(AU)

Violência doméstica e rompimento conjugal: repercussões do litígio na família / Domestic violence and conjugal breakup: repercussions of the litigation in the family

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a violência doméstica associada ao rompimento conjugal. Foram entrevistados 12 sujeitos, 10 homens e duas mulheres, recrutados diretamente em comunidades virtuais do Facebook que atuam como grupos de apoio para pais que lutam na justiça para obter a guarda compartilhada dos filhos. Os participantes relataram dificuldades de manutenção dos laços parentais após o rompimento da relação conjugal, associadas à violência doméstica vivenciada após a decisão de separação conjugal. Dentre os principais tipos de violência relatados, ressalta-se a violência física, a sexual e a psicológica. Conclui-se que a compreensão do fenômeno da violência associada ao rompimento conjugal pode contribuir para a proteção psicológica dos filhos e para a desconstrução de modelos de violência familiar.(AU)

The present article is part of a broader research on the experience of parents who fight for the shared custody of their children. The purpose of this study was to investigate domestic and intrafamilial violence associated to the conjugal breakup. The authors interviewed 12 subjects - 10 men and two women - recruited directly online, from Facebook communities that serve as a support network for parents that dispute in court the shared custody of their children. The participants mentioned difficulties in maintaining parental bonds after the breakup of the conjugal relationship, a process accompanied by an increase of violence between family members. Among the main types of violence mentioned, the authors highlight physical, sexual and psychological violence. The authors conclude that the comprehension of the violence phenomenon associated to the conjugal breakup may contribute not only to the psychological protection of children but also to the deconstruction of models of family violence.(AU)

Distribution of HBV subgenotypes in Ribeirão Preto, Southeastern Brazil: a region with history of intense Italian immigration

Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is distributed worldwide, with geographical variations regarding prevalence of the different genotypes. The aim of this study was to determine the HBV genotypes and subgenotypes circulating in Southeast Brazil and compare the genetic sequences found with HBV sequences previously described in the world. Sequences from 166 chronic HBV carriers were analyzed using the fragment constituted by 1306 base pairs comprising surface and polymerase regions of the HBV genome. The sequences obtained were submitted to phylogenetic analysis. HBV subgenotypes A1, A2, D1-D4, F2a, and F4 were found. HBV genotype D was the most frequent, found in 99 patients (58.4%). Within this group, subgenotype D3 was the most prevalent, in 73 patients (42.9%). HBV genotype A was identified in 58 (36%) patients, subgenotype A1, in 48 (29.8%) subjects. Genotype F was identified in 9 (5.4%). According to the phylogenetic analysis, the sequences found were grouped with sequences from Europe, Asia and Middle East (subgenotypes D1, D2, D3) and sequences from Latin America and Africa (subgenotype A1). HBV D3 grouped in different clusters inside D3 clade, several of them with sequences isolated in Italy. We also identified eight families whose relatives were infected with the same HBV subgenotype, most with high similarity between sequences. In conclusion, the distribution of the HBV sequences obtained interweaved with sequences from other continents, corresponding to regions from where many immigrants came to this region, in accordance to the hypothesis that the HBV detected over there were brought during the colonization times.

Influencia de las relaciones intrafamiliares, en el rendimiento académico en niños (as) de 10 y 11 años, que asisten a la Comunidad de Educación Integral (CEI)

La presente investigación abordará temáticas relacionadas al rendimiento académico y la forma en que esta es influenciada por la familia. Sin embargo, tomara criterios del campo del desarrollo humano para después interpretar los resultados obtenidos. Al notar la influencia del ambiente, es importante reconocer que el primer contacto que posee el niño a nivel social es con la familia. Las familias pueden influir sobre el bienestar infantil de varias maneras, ya sea proporcionando un clima cálido o un clima desfavorable. Por lo cual, llegamos a plantearnos como objetivo principal, describir la influencia de las relaciones intrafamiliares, en el rendimiento académico. El instrumento utilizado para realizar esta investigación, es la escala de Evaluación de Relaciones Intrafamiliares. Los sujetos con los cuales se realizó el trabajo de campo, son niños (as) de 10 y 11 años de edad, que asisten a la Comunidad de Educación Integral (C.E.I) Las conclusiones a las cuales se arribó en esta investigación, resalta la importancia del desarrollo humano y las diferencias individuales, como ser: la maduración, la edad y el género, por lo cual se llegó a evidenciar que las familias que atravesaban distintos problemas, no influían de sobre manera en su rendimiento académico. Sin embargo, se logró evidenciar que las niñas de 10 y 11 años muestran mayores promedios y un mejor desempeño escolar en comparación a los niños. Es así que la variable de género y maduración, repercuten de forma directa en los promedios obtenidos y las expectativas que estas tienen a nivel académico.

The present research will deal with topics related to academic performance and how it is influenced by the family. However, it will take criteria from the field of human development and then interpretthe results obtained. When noticing the influence of the environment, it is important to recognize that the child's first contact at the social level is with the family. Families can influence child wellbeing in a number of ways, either by providing a warm climate or an unfavorable climate. Therefore, we come to consider ourselves as the main objective, describe the influence of intra-family relationships on academic performance. The instrument used to carry out this research is the Intrafamilial Relations Assessment scale. The subjects with whom fieldwork was carried out are children aged 10 and 11 who attend the Community of Integral Education (C.E.I) The conclusions reached in this research highlightthe importance of human development and individual differences, such as maturity, age and gender. As a result, it became clear that families that had different problems did not influence their academic performance in anyway. However, it was possibleto show that girls aged 10 and 11 showhigheraverages and better school performance compared to boys. It is thus that the variable of gender and maturation, have a direct impact on the averages obtained and the expectations thatthese have at academic level.

Esta pesquisa irá abordar temas relacionados ao desempenho escolar e como esta é influenciada pela família. No entanto, tome campo de critérios de desenvolvimento humano e, em seguida, interpretar os resultados obtidos. Notando a influencia do ambiente, é importante reconhecer que o primeiro contato tem um filho é socialmente com a família. As famílias podem influenciar o bem-estar da criança de várias maneiras, seja através de um clima quente ou meteorológicas desfavoráveis. Portanto, nós nos perguntamos objetivo principal, descrever a influencia das relações intra-familiares, desempenho acadêmico. O instrumento utilizado para esta pesquisa é a Escala de Avaliação relações domésticas. Motivos em trabalho de campo foi realizado, são filhos (as) de 10 e 11 anos de idade, que frequentam a Comunidade de Educação Integral (C.E.I) As conclusões a que chegaram nesta pesquisa destaca a importância das diferenças de desenvolvimento individuais e humanos, tais como: a maturidade, idade e sexo. Então ele veio para evidenciar que as famílias abrangendo diferentes problemas, nenhuma maneira influenciado por sobre seu desempenho acadêmico. No entanto, foi possível constatar que as meninas 10 e 11 anos mostram médias mais altas e melhor desempenho escolar em comparação com as crianças. É tão variável sexo e maturação, tem um impacto direto sobre as médias obtidas e estes têm expectativas academicamente.

GLA Nonsense Mutation (c.485G>A) in a Three-Generation Family with Fabry’s Disease.

Background: GLA nonsense mutations seem to be associated with more severe clinical phenotype. Aims: Main aims were to identify the disease-causing mutation, to screen high risk family members and to predict the severity of clinical phenotype and age of onset based on genotype-phenotype analysis. Methods: Seven family members were clinically assessed and enzyme activity levels were evaluated as well. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples and analyzed for GLA gene mutation. Results: The proband, a 34-year-old man, was misdiagnosed for years. At 25 years of age he was diagnosed with Fabry’s disease. He had a less severe phenotype failing to express cardiac, cerebral or renal symptoms. In addition, the patient presented a ventricular septal defect as an incidental finding which has not been reported previously in Fabry’s disease. His maternal uncle had a severe classic form and, in addition, osteonecrosis of femoral head rarely reported as associated findings. All females were heterozygous; 3 of them were asymptomatic and 2 developed milder symptoms, skin and heart predominantly affected. Fabry’s disease was caused by the presence of GLA nonsense mutation c.485G>A. All close relatives of proband had one copy of the mutation. Conclusion: The family nonsense mutation c.485G>A known to predict the classic phenotype showed a wide range of clinical manifestations from severe to asymptomatic forms both in males and females supporting the intrafamilial phenotypic variability for Fabry’s disease.

Inactive hepatitis B surface antigen carriers and intrafamilial tramsmission: results of a 10-year study

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aims of the present study were to determine the outcomes of inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers over a 10-year study period and to elucidate the HBV serological profile of their family members. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical files of inactive HBsAg carriers followed up at the Department of Infectious Diseases of Kocatepe University Medical Faculty Hospital between March 2001 and January 2011. RESULTS: In total, 438 inactive HBsAg carriers were enrolled in this trial. The follow-up period was 33.7+/-22.5 months (mean+/-SD). Anti-hepatitis-B surface antibody seroconversion occurred in 0.7% of cases, while chronic hepatitis B was found in 0.5%. The anti-hepatitis-D virus (HDV) status was evaluated in 400 patients and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 430. It was found that 1% and 0.2% were positive for anti-HDV and anti-HCV, respectively. HBV serology was investigated in at least 1 family member of 334/438 (76.3%) patients. The HBsAg positivity rate was 34.6% in 625 family members of 334 patients. A comparison of the HBsAg positivity rates in terms of HBV DNA levels in index cases revealed that HBsAg seropositivity rates were higher in family members of HBV DNA-negative patients than in family members of HBV DNA-positive cases (P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The HBsAg positivity rate was higher in family members of inactive HBsAg carriers than in the general population; these family members therefore have a higher risk of HBV transmission. Furthermore, despite negative HBV DNA levels, transmission risk was not reduced in these patients, and horizontal transmission seems to be independent of the HBV DNA value.

Oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome in three succeeding generations: genotypic data and phenotypic features

Oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome is a rare X-linked disorder mainly manifesting in females. Patients show ocular, facial, cardiac, and dental abnormalities. OFCD syndrome is caused by heterozygous mutations in the BCOR gene, located in Xp11.4, encoding the BCL6 co-repressor. We report a Croatian family with four female members (grandmother, mother and monozygotic female twins) diagnosed with OFCD syndrome who carry the novel BCOR mutation c.4438C>T (p.R1480*). They present high intrafamilial phenotypic variability with special regard to cardiac defect and cataract that showed more severe disease expression in successive generations. Clinical and radiographic examination of the mother of the twins revealed a talon cusp involving the permanent maxillary right central incisor. This is the first known report of a talon cusp in OFCD syndrome with a novel mutation in the BCOR gene.

Abuso sexual intrafamiliar: as mães diante da vitimação das filhas / Intrafamilial sexual abuse: mothers towards daughters' victimization

Este artigo tem por objetivo apreender a forma com que as mães se expõem subjetivamente diante do conhecimento do abuso sexual intrafamiliar das filhas. Participaram mães de meninas vitimadas por abuso sexual intrafamiliar e que foram atendidas no programa especializado. Utilizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas de forma individual. A análise dos dados se deu com apoio do software Alceste através da Análise Hierárquica Descendente. Os dados obtidos versaram acerca da caracterização que as mães fazem a respeito do abuso sexual das filhas (versam sobre dimensões temporais que envolveram a situação de abuso e sobre detalhes de como aconteceu, expressando a presença de ameaça verbal ou por meio de objetos) e suas vivências subjetivas diante do conhecimento da situação (relatam sentimentos diante da situação, revelando expressões de descrença e desconfiança e relembram sua própria vitimação por abuso sexual infato-juvenil intrafamiliar no passado).

This article aims to understand the way that mothers are subjectively exposed towards the acknowledgement of intrafamilial sexual abuse against their daughters. The participants of this research were mothers of girls victimized by sexual abuse within families and who have attended the specialized program. We used interviews, carried out individually. The data were analyzed with the support of the Alcest software through the Descending Hierarchical Analysis. The data dealt about the characterization that mothers do about the sexual abuse of children (temporal dimensions are about the situation involving abuse and details about how it happened, expressing the presence of verbal threat or through objects) and their subjective experiences before the knowledge of the situation (report feelings about the situation, revealing expressions of disbelief and distrust and recall their own victimization by sexual abuse within families and youth infantry in the past).

Caracterização da violência sexual a partir de denúncias e sentenças judiciais / Characterization of the sexual violence edescribed in indictments and verdicts

Este trabalho apresenta um levantamento de dados sobre abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A coleta foi realizada a partir de denúncias e sentenças judiciais referentes a 229 processos criminais encaminhados à 1ª e 2ª Varas da Infância e Juventude de Porto Alegre para oitiva no Projeto Depoimento Sem Dano entre 2003 e 2007. Foram coletados dados relativos às características de vítimas e réus, tipo de abuso (intra ou extrafamiliar), tempo de tramitação e desfecho dos processos. Os crimes e atos infracionais mais frequentes foram estupro e atentado violento ao pudor. Os resultados mostraram predominância do abuso sexual intrafamiliar contra meninas. A maioria dos acusados tinha relação com a vítima, sendo familiar ou conhecido.

This article presents a survey carried out about sexual abuse of children and adolescents in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data was collected from the indictments and verdicts from 229 legal proceedings. The criminal complaints were directed to the 1st and 2nd courts for children and adolescents of Porto Alegre, where victims give testimony from 2003 to 2007. Data was collected about victims and defendants, type of abuse (intrafamilial or not), duration of processes and verdicts. Most of the law-suits were about offence to pudicity and rape. The results showed intrafamilial sexual abuse against girls. The majority of abusers had some relationship with the victims.

Violencia intrafamiliar (VIF): Quinchao, Chiloé (Chile) / Intrafamilial violence (IFV): Quinchao, Chiloe (Chile)

Objetivo: Caracterizar los nuevos episodios de VIF durante el 2008 en la Comuna de Quinchao, provincia de Chiloé. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo, en el cuál se analizaron las denuncias por VIF en Carabineros y en Tribunal Mixto durante el 2008. Se utilizó información de Carabineros, y de los archivos de causas procesadas y sentencias dictadas en dicho Tribunal. Resultados: De 231 acusaciones presentadas al Tribunal de Familia, 90 correspondieron a delitos por VIF. De este número, 36 no finalizaron el proceso judicial. Treinta y ocho casos presentaron VIF psicológica, agregándose física en 16 de ellos. Destaca que 43 de las 54 acusaciones presentaron consumo de alcohol concomitante. En relación al género, la mayoría de los agresores son hombres y la mayoría de las relaciones victima-victimario son de pareja (38/54).Conclusiones: Los resultados no son comparables a los nacionales por la metodología empleada. Sin embargo pudieran entrever rasgos de la idiosincrasia local, como son patrones de violencia masculina perpetuados, en parte, por el aislamiento geográfico.

Objective: To characterize the new episodes of IFV in 2008 in the Commune of Quinchao of the Province of Chiloé. Methodology: This is a retrospective descriptive study; charges of intrafamilial violence brought to the police and to the relevant judicial court during 2008 were analyzed. We utilized official information from the local police station and from the court files on cases and verdicts. Results: Of all the 231 accusations presented to the Family Court, 90 (90/231) concerned to intra familiar violence crimes. From this number, 36 of them didn’t finish the judicial process. Thirty eight presented psychological violence and 16 also had physical violence. Notably, in 43 of the se 54 cases accusations were alcohol consumption involved. Relating to the gender, most of the aggressors were men and most of the relationships between the victim and the aggressor were a couple (38/54). Conclusions: the results are similar to the national ones, but show some noveltys: the population study idiosyncrasy presents patterns of masculine violence perpetuated, in part, by the geographic isolation of the area.

Hepatitis C: sexual or intrafamilial transmission? Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus in 24 infected couples / Hepatite C: transmissão sexual ou intrafamiliar? Análise epidemiológica e filogenética do vírus da hepatite C em 24 casais infectados

The role of sexual or intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C is controversial. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on the non-structural region 5B of the hepatitis C virus (NS5B-HCV). High percentages of homology (mean of 98.3 percent) were shown between the couples. Twenty (83.3 percent) of the 24 men but only two of the women (8.3 percent) reported having had sexually transmitted diseases during their lives. The risk factors for HCV acquisition were blood transfusion (10 couples), use of illegal injected drugs (17), use of inhalants (15), acupuncture (5) and tattoos (5). The shared use of personal hygiene items included toothbrushes between six couples (25 percent), razor blades between 16 (66.7 percent), nail clippers between 21 (87.5 percent) and manicure pliers between 14 (58.3 percent). The high degree of similarity of the hepatitis C virus genome supports the hypothesis of hepatitis C virus transmission between these couples. The shared use of personal hygiene items suggests the possibility of intrafamilial transmission of infection.

O papel da transmissão sexual ou intrafamiliar da hepatite C é controverso. Foi feita análise filogenética, região não estrutural 5B do vírus da hepatite C (NS5B-HCV). Altas percentagens de homologia com média de 98,3 por cento foi revelada entre os casais. Vinte (83,3 por cento) de 24 homens, contra apenas duas (8,3 por cento) mulheres reportaram doença sexualmente transmisível durante suas vidas. Os fatores de risco para aquisição da doença foram: transfusão de sangue para 10 casais, uso de drogas ilícitas injetáveis para 17, inalatórias para 15, acupuntura em 5 e tatuagens para 5. O compartilhamento de utensílios de higiene pessoal incluem: escova de dente para seis (25 por cento) dos casais, lâmina de barbear para 16 (66,7 por cento), cortador de unhas para 21 (87,5 por cento) e alicate de manicure para 14 (58,3 por cento). O alto grau de similaridade genômica entre os vírus da hepatite C suporta a hipótese de transmissão entre os casais. O uso compartilhado de utensílios de higiene pessoal sugere a possibilidade de transmissão intrafamiliar.

A representação social de família dos conselheiros tutelares do município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro / The social representation of family of the council members of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro

O objetivo desta dissertação foi entender a representação social de família dos conselheiros tutelares da cidade de Niterói, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Esta representação social foi correlacionada ao atendimento diário, realizado pelos conselheiros tutelares, de casos de violência intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes no município aludido. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo-descritivo, abordou a representação social de família dos conselheiros tutelares por meio de idéias associadas a núcleos de sentido, os quais foram analisados, através da metodologia da análise de conteúdo temática, a partir das seguintes categorias de análise: 1) A religião dos conselheiros tutelares; 2) Família moderna e pós-moderna; e 3) Dispositivos sociais da violência e do abuso. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com 12 conselheiros tutelares. Foram selecionados membros dos Conselhos Tutelares I e II com mandato vigorado entre 2003 e 2007. Também foram selecionados membros do Conselho Tutelar III com mandato iniciado em 2005 e com término em 2008. A análise da religião dos conselheiros permitiu o entendimento desta última como uma estrutura valorativa, promotora de algum nível de estabilidade emocional, isto frente à complexidade e intensidade que envolve seu trabalho. Representa, para eles, um pilar, que lhes permite a construção de condições necessárias para o adequado atendimento das famílias, assim como para a administração de sua vida pessoal. Já os núcleos de sentido abordados pela categoria de análise definida como família moderna e pós-moderna, mostraram o ideal da família nuclear possuído pelos conselheiros tutelares. Eles exibiram muitas dificuldades para reconhecer outras configurações e dinâmicas familiares destoantes do modelo nuclear de família. Através desta visão por demais tradicional, avaliavam e julgavam as famílias por eles atendidas em seu trabalho...

The purpose of this dissertation was the insight into the social representation offamily of Tutelary Council members, in Niterói city, state of Rio de Janeiro. Such social representation was correlated with daily childcare, carried out by the counselors, on cases of intrafamilial violence against children and teenagers in the mentioned city.The research, of qualitative and-descriptive nature, broached the social representation of family from the perspective of the counselors by means of ideas related to cores of sense, which were analyzed by the methodology of the thematic content analysis from the following groups of analysis: 1) The religion of the counselors; 2) Modern and postmodern family; and 3) Social gadgets of the violence and abuse.Data were collected in semi-structured interviews carried out with 12 counselors. The selected interviewed worked as members of the Tutelary Council I and II between the years 2003 and 2007, as well as the members of the Tutelary Council III who started in 2005 finishing in 2008.The analisys of the religion of each counselor provided the understanding of it as a substantial struture, suplying some level of emotional strength, even in face of the complexity and intensity that envolve their work. That represents a buttress to the counselors that allows them the construction of necessary conditions to the proper assintance to the families, as well as the managing of their own lives. On the other hand, the cores of sense broached in the group of analysis defined as modern and postmodern family, indicated the same ideal of the core family as that ofthe counselors. They presented many difficulties to recognize another structures and familiar routines different from the core model of family. By their traditional point of view, the counse...

Sexual transmission of hepatitis C

It is generally agreed that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be efficiently transmitted parenterally, although data on viral transmission by sexual or non-sexual intrafamilial contact are conflicting. Since data collection began in 1989, the first study dealt with the risk of sexual transmission among multiple sex partners. Other investigations followed, emphasizing that risk increases in specific groups such as patients co-infected with HIV and HBV, sex workers, homosexuals, illicit drug users and patients attended at sexually transmittable disease clinics. The question arises as to what might be the risk for monogamous heterosexuals in the general population, in which one of the partners has HCV? The literature provides overall rates that vary from zero to 27 percent; however, most studies affirm that the chances of sexual transmission are low or almost null, with rates for this mode fluctuating from zero to 3 percent. Intrafamilial transmission is strongly considered but inconclusive, since when mentioning transmission between sex partners within the same household, specific situations also should be considered, such as the sharing of personal hygiene items, like razorblades, toothbrushes, nail clippers and manicure pliers, which are important risk factors in HCV transmission. In this review, we discuss the hypotheses of sexual and/or intrafamilial transmission.

A eficiência da transmissão parenteral da hepatite C é consenso, porém dados na literatura sobre transmissão sexual e intrafamiliar são conflitantes. Data de 1989 o primeiro trabalho que relaciona o risco de transmissão sexual a múltiplos parceiros sexuais, na seqüência, outros estudos também reforçam que os riscos aumentam em populações específicas como co-infectados HIV, HBV, profissionais do sexo, homossexuais, usuários de drogas ilícitas e populações de clínicas de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. Agora, na população geral qual seria o risco para casais monogâmicos heterossexuais onde um dos cônjuges apresenta a infecção pelo HCV? A literatura apresenta números que vão de zero a 27 por cento, porém a maioria dos trabalhos afirma que as chances de transmissão são baixas ou quase nulas e aqui as porcentagens oscilam entre 0 por cento e 3 por cento. A transmissão intradomiciliar é fortemente considerada e mencionada como fator de confusão quando se menciona transmissão entre casais, pois se deve considerar que o compartilhamento de utensílios de higiene pessoal como lâmina de barbear, escova de dente, alicates de manicure e cortadores de unhas atuam como fator de risco importante para a transmissão do HCV dentro do domicílio. Transmissão sexual e/ou transmissão intrafamiliar, esta revisão trás à tona ambas hipóteses discutidas em diversos trabalhos pelo mundo.

Características psicológicas del hombre golpeador de su compañera permanente, residente en la ciudad de Bucaramanga / Psychological characteristics of the male beater of their female partner, residing in city of Bucaramanga, Colombia

OBJETIVO: Evaluar las características de personalidad de los hombres golpeadores de la compañera permanente. MÉTODO: 50 agresores re-gistrados en la Fiscalía General de la Nación se evaluaron por medio de las pruebas BFQ y IMAFE, y por entrevista cualitativa estructurada. RESULTADOS: Los hombres agresores puntuaron "muy bajo" en cultura, información, cooperativismo, cordialidad, altruismo, amistad, genero-sidad y empatía; "bajo" en reflexión, escrupulosidad, orden, diligencia, perseverancia, dinamismo y energía; y "muy alto" en sumisión, ser taci-turno, ansiedad, vulnerabilidad, emotividad, impulsividad, impaciencia e irritabilidad. La mayoría identifican los rasgos de pasividad, timidez, inseguridad, emotividad, sumisión como culturalmente asociados al ser femenino. En la entrevista cualitativa se estableció que atribuyen como causas de su comportamiento a circunstancias externas y aje-nas a voluntad, como la situación económica, el abuso del alcohol o el comportamiento de la compañera; consideran sus actos violentos como producto del entorno socio-cultural y de las circunstancias ambientales, no identificándose como responsables de la agresión contra su compañera. CONCLUSIÓN: El hombre agresor de la compa-ñera permanente es conservador, apegado a los valores patriarcales y resistente al cambio, lo que se reflejan en sus características de personalidad y en los sentidos y significados que le atribuye al com-portamiento violento. Probablemente esto puede reflejar sentimientos homofóbicos y misogínicos producto de crisis de identidad de género y del proceso de construcción de la masculinidad, en la medida en que no responden a las exigencias que la cultura patriarcal le plan-tea al "macho". [Aguilera A.Características psicológicas del hombre golpeador de su compañera permanente. MedUNAB 2004; 7:73-83]

Psychological characteristics of the male beater of their female partner, residing in city of Bucaramanga, Colombia. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the personalities of the male beater of their female partner. METHOD: We evaluate, by means of BFQ / IMAFE tests, 50 convicted aggressors, registered by the Attorney General Office. We also in-terviewed them. RESULTS: Aggressors had very low marks in general culture, information, cooperativism, cordiality, altruism, friendship, generosity and empathy. They showed a low marks in reflexion, order, and in being meticulous, diligent, perseverant, as wells as, in being energetic and dynamic. High marks in submission, and in being anxious, vulnerable, emotive, impulsive, impatient and irritable. The vast majority identifies the above symptoms as culturally associate with feminism. It is clear through the interview that the economical stability, alcohol abuse or their female partner plays an important role to explain their behavior. They do not consider themselves as being violent with their female partner, rather they blame upon their cultural, social and economical status, as being the direct responsible for beating women. CONCLUSIONS: The female aggressor, usually, is a man with traditional ideas, paternal values and resistant to changes. This will be reflected upon his personality characteristics and the meaning he has for his violent behavior. Probably this may, also, reflects a homophobic and misogynist feelings, which, usually, is a product of gender identity and in the process of building his masculinity, no responding, also, to the request from the "macho" pattern asked by his paternal culture

Intra-familial Correlations of Symptoms and Clinical Characteristics in Multiplex Korean Families with Schizophrenia / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: This study aims at examining familial associations of symptoms and clinical characteristics in affected sibling or relative pairs of schizophrenia as an effort to identify genetically homogeneous phenotypes. METHODS: Forty-seven relative pairs with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia from thirty-five Korean families multiply affected with schizophrenia were ascertained. Direct interviews were done using the Korean version of Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS). The Krawieka Rating Scale and the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome were also applied for further evaluation of psychopathologies. Intra-familial concordances and correlations of clinical characteristics and symptoms were tested using chi-squared-test and Spearman's correlation. RESULTS: Significantly high concordance rate within relative pairs was found for the diagnosis of paranoid vs. non-paranoid subtype (chi-squared=7.623, p=0.006, df=1). Deficit vs. non-deficit syndrome also showed significant concordance (chi-squared=3.850, p= 0.0497, df=1). Among single symptom items in DIGS, only 'auditory hallucination' showed significant concordance rate (chi-squared= 5.503, p=0.019, df=1). Factor analysis for symptoms items in the Krawiecka Rating Scale indicated three symptom dimensions; negative, psychotic and affective. Psychotic (rho=0.442, p=0.003) and affective dimension scores (rho=0.427, p=0.004) showed significant intra-familial correlations. Age at onset of recognized psychotic symptoms showed significant correlation only within the male sibling pairs. CONCLUSION: Familial factors, possibly genetic factor contribute to the phenotypic characteristics of paranoid vs. non-paranoid subtype, deficit vs. non-deficit syndrome, auditory hallucination, and affective syndrome. It supports their use in the delineation of homogeneous subgroups for future genetic studies

Intrafamilial distribution patterns and clinical characteristics of hepatitis C in Anti HCV seropositives using HCV PCR

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hepatitis C in blood donors have been reported to be 1.5% to 2.0% and 85 90% of post transfusion hepatitis patients show anti HCV positive results. Most agree that hepatitis C is readily spread by way of contact with blood, but a discernible history of parenteral exposure is identified in only 40% to 50% of cases. Thus other possible nonparenteral routes of transmission such as vertical, sexual and intrafamilial contact transmission need to be explored. In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics of anti HCV seropositives and the infection patterns of hepatitis C in their families not only by anti HCV but also by HCV PCR to explore the possibility of HCV infection through nonparenteral household contact. METHODS: Past history, physical examination, liver function tests, HCV PCR, hepatitis B viral markers, abdominal ultrasonography and liver biopsy were done in 161 anti HCV seropositives from May, 1991 to August, 1996. Of the 161 seropositives, 42 seropositives' family members, 98 subjects, were available for investigation by anti HCV, HCV PCR and liver function tests to document intrafamilial HCV infection;their respective relationships to the index seropositive were noted. RESULTS: The 161 anti HCV seropositives were classified as follows:34 in the carrier group(21.1%), 41 in the acute hepatitis group (25.5%), 32 in the chronic hepatitis group(19.9%), 24 in the liver cirrhosis group(14.9%) and 30 in the hepatoma group(18.6%). The positive rates of HCV PCR were 55.2% in total, 46.1% in the carrier group, 55.0% in the acute hepatitis group, 76.4% in the chronic hepatitis group, 40.0% in the liver cirrhosis group, and 42.8% in the hepatoma group. The 98 family members were all anti HCV seronegative. The positive rates of HCV PCR in these family members were 10.2% in total, 7.1% in spouses, 28.6% in siblings, and 8.3% in children. CONCLUSION: Anti HCV seropositives were in various clinical states of liver disease due to HCV infecton. Although none of the family members showed anti HCV positive results, HCV PCR was positive in 10.2% of the family members indicating the need to perform HCV PCR to detect HCV infection.

The Study on Intrafamilial Transmission of HCV / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: The major transmission route of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transfusion of blood or blood products. But transfusion history is found only in half of HCV infected patients. In half of the patients the transmission routes of HCV were not determined. We estimate the prevalence of anti HCV in family members of the patients with HCV. METHODS: We tested anti-HCV by using the second generation enzyme immunoassay and measured HCV-RNA by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Serum samples from 135 adults who are family members of patients with anti-HCV positive liver disease were tested for serum aminotrasferase activities, hepatitis B viral markers by radioimmunoassay, and anti-HCV by EIA. RESULTS: anti-HCV positive rate in family members of the patients with HCV was 1.48% (2/135). This positive rate was not different from the studies of anti-HCV in general population in Korea (1.44%). CONCLUSION: Interfamilial transmission of HCV may probably occur, but it is uncommon being compare with other diseases such as HBV or HIV.