Progress on the mechanism of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 activation mediating anti-sepsis cell-free hemoglobin oxidative stress / 中国小儿急救医学

Cell-free hemoglobin refers to the rupture of erythrocyte membrane due to instability of erythrocyte membrane caused by various causes, and hemoglobin is released free in the plasma.High concentration of plasma cell-free hemoglobin can cause intracellulariron ion deposition, oxidative damage, damage of lung, kidney and other related tissue, and seriously affect the treatment and prognosis of patients with sepsis.Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(NRF2) as an antioxidant cytokine at the same time, plays important roles in the process of adjusting the resistance to oxidative stress, but the mechanism is not thorough.This review summarized the sepsis cell-free hemoglobin production, metabolism, and the activation of NRF2 and antioxidant mechanisms, to provide reference for further research.

Incidence of iron deficiency anaemia and it’s early detection in patients with hypoproliferative anaemia presentation in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia still remains the most common cause of anaemia not only in India but also world over. According to world heath report, there are 1,788,600 people in this world suffering from Iron deficiency anaemia. Iron deficiency anaemia is foremost prevalent disease-causing morbidity in world and therefore it is always absolutely necessary to detect this particular condition in early stages before the eventual development of various dreadful complications like Heart failure and Myocardial infarction. The aim of the study is to find incidence of iron deficiency anaemia in patients with hypo proliferative anaemia presentation, with a possible iron deficient state, by analyzing the haematological and biochemical parameters.Methods: The study was conducted from November 2017 to May 2018 for a period of 6 months which included 50 subjects from both sex groups, aged 20-80 years with the diagnosis of hypo proliferative anaemia.Results: The study results indicate that females (60%) were significantly overrepresented compared to males (40%). Of the 50 subjects 38% were in stage of negative iron balance (stage1) and 32% were in stage of iron deficient erythropoiesis(stage2) and 30% were in normal stage.Conclusions: This Observational study showed a majority of patients with hypo-proliferative anaemia presenting at early stages of negative iron balance and iron deficient erythropoiesis thereby indicating the importance of initiating iron therapy at an early stage even without correlative iron studies.

Effects of exercise on the iron balance in human body examined by the excretion of iron into urine, sweat and feces / 体力科学

In order to evaluate iron balance in the human body, we studied the effects of exercise on iron excretion in urine, sweat and feces. The subjects were five healthy male, college athletes. The daily intake of nutrients by the subjects was regulated by a prescribed diet (Calorie Mate, Ohtsuka), and the control measurements and the exercise measurements were performed within seven days. Excretion of iron in the urine during the exercise period was significantly higher than in the control period. The excretion of iron in the sweat was 1.076±0.118 mg, i. e, , about 70% of total iron physiologically excreted from the human body. The excretion of iron in the feces during the exercise period was significantly lower than during control period. Feces volume was positively correlated with energy expenditure and negatively correlated with the excretion of iron in the feces. Iron absorption during the exercise period was significantly higher than during the control period. These findings suggest that exercise stimulates not only iron excretion via urine and sweat, but iron absorption, and that iron balance remains positive in healthy male subjects who have normal iron status.