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ObjectiveTo study the effect of Jinlida granules on visceral fat accumulation and its induced inflammatory response in prediabetic rats. MethodMale SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， Jinlida low-dose group （1.5 g·kg-1）， Jinlida high-dose group （3.0 g·kg-1） and atorvastatin group （10 mg·kg-1）. Prediabetic rat model was established using high-carbohydrate， high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin （STZ） by multiple small-dose intraperitoneal injections. After 8 weeks of modeling and drug intervention for 13 consecutive weeks， body weight， oral glucose tolerance test（OGTT）， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， fasting insulin （FINS）， insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR）， total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） were measured in each group of rats. The content of visceral fat was quantified by micro-computed tomography （Micro-CT）. Hematoxylin-eosin staining （HE） was used to observe the pathological changes of fat cells. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin- 6 （IL-6） in rat visceral fat and serum were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The expression of macrophage marker CD68 in visceral fat was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. ResultCompared with normal group， model group had increased oral glucose tolerance， FBG， FINS， HOMA-IR， TC， LDL-C （P<0.01）， elevated body weight and visceral fat accumulation （P<0.05， P<0.01）， enhanced CD68 protein expression and TNF-α and IL-6 levels （P<0.01）， decreased HDL-C （P<0.01）， and abnormal hypertrophy of adipocytes. Compared with model group， Jinlida high- and low-dose groups lowered oral glucose tolerance， HOMA-IR， TC and LDL-C （P<0.05， P<0.01）， body weight and visceral fat accumulation （P<0.05）， and CD68 protein expression and TNF-α and IL-6 levels （P<0.05， P<0.01） and lessened hypertrophy of fat cells. ConclusionJinlida can improve the insulin resistance in prediabetic rats by reducing visceral fat accumulation and its induced inflammatory response， which provides a new pharmacological basis for clinical treatment of prediabetes by Jinlida granules.
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Objective To investigate the effect of Jinlida granules on blood glucose level, physiological index, and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in mice. Methods Mice were randomly divided into a positive control group (acarbose group), an experimental group (Jinlida granule group), and a blank control group. The effects of Jinlida granules on blood glucose levels and weights of the mice were measured after single and multiple ingestion of sucrose or starch. The levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were measured in mice via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Changes in serum lipids and other indicators were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer in order to determine the regulatory effect of Jinlida granules on blood lipid levels and liver and kidney damage. Changes in NF-κB, interleukin (IL) -1β, and IL-6 levels were detected via Western blotting. Results Jinlida granules downregulated postprandial blood glucose levels without reducing body weight in mice. Jinlida granules also reduced serum triglyceride concentration without causing damage to the liver or kidneys in mice, showed protective effects on muscle cells, and may reduce activation of the NF-κB pathway. Conclusion Jinlida granules may contribute to ameliorating diabetes.
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Objective:To study the curative efficacy of metformin combined with Jinlida granules in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus and its effects on the serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),adiponectin (APN) and homocysteine(Hcy) levels.Methods:94 patients of gestational diabetes mellitus who were treated from July 2014 to July 2016 in our hospital were selected.According to random number table,those patients were divided into the observation group (n=47) and the control group (n=47).On the basis of routine treatment,such as control diet,reasonable exercise and healthy diet,etc,the control group was treated with metformin,while the observation group was combined with Jinlida granules on the basis of the control group.The changes of blood glucose,blood lipid and serum VEGF,APN and Hcy before and after treatment were compared between the two groups,the incidence of maternal complications and neonatal adverse outcomes were compared.Results:Compared with before treatment,the blood glucose,blood lipid of both groups after treatment were significantly improved (P ＜0.05),the fasting plasma glucose (FBG),postprandial 2h blood glucose (2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc),total cholesterol (TC),triacylglycerol (TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) of observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,the serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05);after treatment,the serum VEGF,APN and Hcy levels were significantly improved than those before treatment in both groups (P＜0.05),and the serum VEGF,and Hcy levels of observation group were lower than those of the control group,the serum APN level was higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the incidence of gestational hypertension,hydramnios,cesarean section and premature delivery of observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜0.05);the incidence of giant child,neonatal Jaundice and neonatal respiratory distress in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Metformin combined with Jinlida granules was effective for the gestational diabetes mellitus,which could effectively control the blood glucose,blood lipid levels and might be related to the regulation of serum VEGF,APN and Hey levels.
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Objective To explore the protective effect of Jinlida granuleson kidney tissues of type 1 diabetic rats, and to elucidate the related mechanism. Methods SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg) to establish type 1 diabetic models. Then the model rats were randomly divided into diabetic model group, low-, medium- and high-dose Jinlida groups (0. 75, 1. 5 and 3. 0 g/kg Jinlida granules, respectively), Jinlida + Tongxinluo (TXL) group (1. 5 g/kg Jinlida granules+ 0. 4 g/kg TXL), metformin group (50 mg/kg metformin), and saxagliptin group (1 mg/kg saxagliptin), with each group containing 5 rats. Five healthy rats served as normal controls. Eight weeks after administration of drugs or placebo, the levels of growth hormone (GH), growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), and insulin-like growth factor lbinding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative PCR, the expressions of MAPK pathway related proteins and fibronectin (FN) were determined by Western blotting; and H-E staining, Masson staining and PAS staining were used to observe the morphological changes of kidney tissues. Results Compared with the normal control group, the levels of GH, GHR, IGF-1, IGF-1R mRNA and the protein expressions of p-ERK, p-JNK, and FN of kidney tissues were significantly increased (P<0. 01), with cellular proliferation and fibrous deposition seen in the kidney tissues in the diabetic model group. After intervention with midde and high-dose Jinhda granules, the levels of GH, GHR, IGF-1, and IGF-1R mRNA and ratios of p-ERK/ERK, p-JNK/JNK, and FN protein expression were significantly decreased (P<0. 05, P<0. 01), with alleviated kidney tissues fibrosis. Conclusion Jinlida granules can protett kidney tissues of type 1 diabetic rats, which is probably through up-regulating the levels of GH and IGF-l mRNA and inhibiting the activation of the MAPK pathway.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of Jinlida granules on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the kidney, heart and abdominal aorta of experimental diabetic rats, so as to explore the possible mechanism by which Jinlida granules protect the kidney and cardiovascular system. Methods The rats were randomized into 2 groups: normal contronl group (CON group, n=10) and diabetic model group Cn = 20). Rats in the control group were fed with regular chow; those in the diabetic model group were fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks, and then were administered with streptozotocin (STZ; 30 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection to induce diabetic model. Successful diabetic models were further randomized into two groups with 10 in each; Jinlida granules treatment group (DM + JLG group) and non-treatment group (DM group). Rats in DM + JLG group were given Jinlida granules orally (3 g/kg per day) for 8 weeks. Angiotensin I (Ang I) and angiotensin P (Ang II) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the homogenates of the kidney, heart and abdominal aortas the protein expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATR) and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) was detected by Western blotting analysis. Results Compared with CON group, the kidney mass/body mass(KM/BM), heart mass/body mass (HM/BM), blood glucose (BG), and 24-hour urine proteins (24 h UP) were significantly increased in the DM group (P
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Objective To evaluate the effects of Jinlida granules on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the kidney, heart and abdominal aorta of experimental diabetic rats, so as to explore the possible mechanism by which Jinlida granules protect the kidney and cardiovascular system. Methods The rats were randomized into 2 groups: normal contronl group (CON group, n=10) and diabetic model group Cn = 20). Rats in the control group were fed with regular chow; those in the diabetic model group were fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks, and then were administered with streptozotocin (STZ; 30 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection to induce diabetic model. Successful diabetic models were further randomized into two groups with 10 in each; Jinlida granules treatment group (DM + JLG group) and non-treatment group (DM group). Rats in DM + JLG group were given Jinlida granules orally (3 g/kg per day) for 8 weeks. Angiotensin I (Ang I) and angiotensin P (Ang II) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the homogenates of the kidney, heart and abdominal aortas the protein expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATR) and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) was detected by Western blotting analysis. Results Compared with CON group, the kidney mass/body mass(KM/BM), heart mass/body mass (HM/BM), blood glucose (BG), and 24-hour urine proteins (24 h UP) were significantly increased in the DM group (P