Perfil dos fonoaudiólogos com formação em motricidade orofacial no Brasil / Profile of speech therapists trained in orofacial myology in Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o perfil do fonoaudiólogo brasileiro com formação especializada em motricidade orofacial (MO). Métodos Estudo descritivo e exploratório, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado entre setembro 2022 e fevereiro 2023, com parceria do Conselho Federal de Fonoaudiologia. Participaram 87 fonoaudiólogos com formação em MO. Resultados Evidenciou-se predominância feminina, faixa etária entre 41 e 50 anos e tempo de formação especializada em MO entre 16 e 20 anos; maioria com título de especialista e da Região Sudeste do Brasil, atuando em consultórios/ambulatórios e/ou clínicas, com ações interdisciplinares com Medicina e Odontologia, abrangendo adultos e crianças, principalmente na rede privada. Prevaleceram os domínios da MO quanto à reabilitação de estruturas moles e hábito oral e maior uso de tecnologias: leve - acolhimento e assistência; leve-dura - avaliação e terapia e dura - fotobiomodulação. Conclusão Os fonoaudiólogos brasileiros com formação especializada em MO, participantes do estudo, são, em sua maioria, mulheres com mais de 41 anos de idade, que detêm titulação de especialista, com práticas nos vários domínios e níveis de tecnologia da área, principalmente em diagnóstico e reabilitação dos distúrbios miofuncionais orofaciais.

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize the profile of Brazilian speech therapists with specialized training in orofacial myology (OM). Methods Descriptive and exploratory, cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, carried out between September 2022 and February 2023, in partnership with CFFa. Eighty-seven speech therapists with specialized training in OM participated. Results showed female predominance, age between 41 and 50 years, and time of specialized training in OM between 16-20 years; most with specialist titles in the Southeast of Brazil. Most work in offices/outpatient clinics and/or clinics with interdisciplinary actions with Medicine and Dentistry; seeing adults and children, mainly in a private sector. As to OM domains there was a predominance of rehabilitation of soft structures and oral habits, and most use technologies: light - reception and assistance, light-hard - evaluation and therapy, and hard - photobiomodulation (40.2%). Conclusion The Brazilian speech therapists with specialized training in OM participating in the study are mostly women over 41 years old, who hold the title of specialists, and carry out practices in various domains and levels of technology in the area, with a predominance of diagnosis and rehabilitation of oromyofunctional disorders.

Challenges and potentialities of business entrepreneurship in nursing: analogies to brazilian entrepreneurial activity / Desafíos y potencialidades del emprendimiento empresarial en enfermería: analogías con la actividad empresarial brasileña / Desafios e potencialidades do empreendedorismo de negócios na enfermagem: analogias à atividade empreendedora brasileira

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the potentialities and challenges of entrepreneurial activity in the early-stage stage of nurses, considering the analogies between the profile of Brazilian nursing and business entrepreneurs in the country. Method: this is a theoretical reflection articulated around the concept of phases of entrepreneurial activity. From this starting point, common variables from the Nursing Profile survey and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Brazil Report were selected, such as sex, age group, education level, family income and occupation. Taking into account a parallel between variables, reflection on the challenges and potential of entrepreneurial nurses in the nascent and new entrepreneurial activity phases was ordered. Results: it is possible that nascent and new entrepreneurial nurses are predominantly women, specialized with the possibility of income compatible with traditional jobs. Specialization, professional experience and professional legislation are strengths, while sex is a challenge. Conclusion: there are both potentialities and challenges. For nascent and new entrepreneurs to emerge, entrepreneurial education, promotion of gender equality, work and income policies are particularly relevant.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre las potencialidades y desafíos de la actividad empresarial en la etapa inicial de los enfermeros frente a las analogías entre el perfil de la enfermería brasileña y los empresarios del país. Método: reflexión teórica articulada en torno al concepto de fases de la actividad emprendedora. A partir de ese punto de partida, fueron seleccionadas variables comunes de la Encuesta Perfil de Enfermería y del Informe Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Brasil, entre las que se encuentran género, grupo etario, nivel educativo, renta familiar y ocupación. Teniendo en cuenta un paralelismo entre las variables, se ordenó la reflexión sobre los desafíos y potencialidades de los enfermeros emprendedores en las fases de actividad emprendedora naciente y nueva. Resultados: es posible que las enfermeras nacientes y nuevas emprendedoras sean predominantemente mujeres, especializadas, con posibilidad de ingresos compatibles con los trabajos tradicionales. La especialización, la experiencia profesional y la legislación profesional son potencialidades, mientras que el género es un desafío. Conclusión: hay potencialidades y desafíos. Para el surgimiento de emprendedores emergentes y nuevos, la educación emprendedora, la promoción de la igualdad de género, las políticas de trabajo e ingresos son particularmente relevantes.

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre potencialidades e desafios da atividade empreendedora em estágio inicial de enfermeiros face à analogias entre o perfil da enfermagem brasileira e de empreendedores de negócios no país. Método: reflexão teórica articulada em torno do conceito de fases de atividade empreendedora. Deste ponto de partida foram selecionadas variáveis comuns da pesquisa Perfil da Enfermagem e do Relatório do Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Brasil, sendo sexo, faixa etária, nível de escolaridade, renda familiar e ocupação. Levando em conta um paralelo entre as variáveis, ordenou-se a reflexão sobre os desafios e potencialidade de enfermeiros empreendedores nas fases de atividade empreendedora nascente e nova. Resultados: é possível que enfermeiros empreendedores nascentes e novos sejam predominantemente mulheres, especializadas, com possibilidade de renda compatível com postos tradicionais de trabalho. A especialização, a experiência profissional e a legislação profissional são potencialidades; enquanto que o sexo, um desafio. Conclusão: há tanto potencialidades quanto desafios. Para que empreendedores nascentes e novos surjam são relevantes, sobretudo, a educação empreendedora, promoção da igualdade de gênero, políticas de trabalho e renda.

Modelo de evaluación de la competencia investigativa del licenciado en Imagenología / Model for evaluating the researching competence of the graduate in Imaging

Fundamento: la evaluación del desempeño profesional y la competencia constituye el eje fundamental del modelo cubano para el análisis y evaluación de la calidad en la educación y práctica médicas. Objetivo: diseñar un modelo de evaluación de la competencia investigativa del licenciado en Imagenología. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en los centros de atención secundaria del municipio Holguín desde 2021 a 2022. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, análisis-síntesis, sistémico-estructural-funcional y modelación; y empíricos: análisis documental y cuestionario a licenciados en Imagenología. Para la valoración del modelo se empleó el criterio de 10 especialistas con reconocido prestigio en los centros de atención. Los indicadores fueron la pertinencia, utilidad, factibilidad. Resultados: se constataron insuficiencias en la competencia investigativa evidenciadas en el desempeño profesional. Se elaboró un modelo de evaluación compuesto por dos subsistemas: teórico funcional y contextualización; de sus relaciones deviene una nueva cualidad que se enuncia en la mejora del desempeño profesional investigativo para la solución de problemas tecnológicos y biomédicos. Conclusiones: los dos subsistemas que componen el modelo de evaluación de la competencia investigativa tienen una relación de coordinación. Los especialistas lo valoraron como pertinente, útil y factible de ser aplicado.

Background: the evaluation of professional performance and competence constitutes the fundamental axis of the Cuban model for the analysis and evaluation of quality in medical education and practice. Objective: to design a model for evaluating the research competence of the graduate in Imaging. Methods: a development investigation was carried out in the secondary care centers of the Holguín municipality from 2021 to 2022. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analysis-synthesis, systemic-structural-functional and modeling; and empirical: documentary analysis and questionnaire to graduates in Imaging. To evaluate the model, the criteria of 10 specialists with recognized prestige in care centers were used. The indicators were relevance, usefulness, feasibility. Results: insufficiencies in the researching competence were found, evidenced in professional performance. An evaluation model composed of two subsystems was developed: functional theory and contextualization; from their relationships becomes a new quality that is expressed in the improvement of professional researching performance for the solution of technological and biomedical problems. Conclusions: the two subsystems that make up the research competence evaluation model have a coordination relationship. The specialists valued it as pertinent, useful and feasible to be applied.

Evaluación del impacto de la especialidad Oftalmología en el desarrollo docente de sus egresados / Assessment of the impact of the Ophthalmology specialty on the teaching development of its graduates

Fundamento: la evaluación del impacto en el contexto de la educación superior es el proceso mediante el cual se valoran los cambios que ocurren en el egresado por influencia del programa, un tiempo después de aplicadas las acciones formativas. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto de la especialidad Oftalmología en el desarrollo docente de sus egresados en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Mariana Grajales Coello" de Holguín. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de evaluación con enfoque mixto y de corte transversal en el campo del posgrado académico, en el período enero 2021-junio 2022. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos y empírico: cuestionario para obtener información sobre la percepción de los egresados respecto al impacto de la especialidad en su preparación docente. El procesamiento incluyó análisis de frecuencias relativas, índice de posición, la correlación elemento escala y el índice de Cronbach para la confiabilidad. Resultados: las subdimensiones aportes al dominio de las categorías de la didáctica, preparación en el trabajo metodológico, preparación en la organización y dirección del trabajo docente calificaron de Alto el impacto de la especialidad en la preparación docente de los egresados. Además, hubo 47 % de participación en la ejecución de actividades docentes de pregrado y posgrado después de haber cursado la especialidad. Conclusiones: la percepción de los egresados evidenció el alto impacto de la especialidad Oftalmología en su preparación docente, componente esencial en la educación médica para la calidad del proceso docente educativo.

Background: impact evaluation in the context of higher education is the process through which the changes that occur in the graduate due to the influence of the program are assessed, sometime after the training actions have been applied. Objective: to assess the impact of the Ophthalmology specialty on the teaching development of its graduates at "Mariana Grajales Coello" Faculty of Medical Sciences in Holguín. Methods: an evaluation study was carried out with a mixed and cross-sectional approach in the field of academic postgraduate studies, from January 2021 toJune 2022. Theoretical and empirical methods were applied: questionnaire to obtain information on the perception of graduates regarding the impact of the specialty on their teaching preparation. The processing included analysis of relative frequencies, position index, scale element correlation and Cronbach's index for reliability. Results: the sub dimensions contributions to the mastery of the categories of didactics, preparation in methodological work, preparation in the organization and direction of teaching work rated the impact of the specialty on the teaching preparation of graduates as High. In addition, there was 47% participation in the execution of undergraduate and graduate teaching activities after having completed the specialty. Conclusions: the perception of the graduates evidenced the high impact of the Ophthalmology specialty on their teaching preparation, an essential component in medical education for the quality of the educational teaching process.

Perfil dos secretários municipais de Saúde do Brasil: um panorama de três décadas / Perfil de los secretarios de salud municipales en Brasil: un panorama de tres décadas / Profile of municipal managers of healthcare in Brazil: an overview of three decades

Resumo Os secretários municipais de saúde são atores estratégicos na construção e governança do SUS. Neste estudo, foi realizada uma análise comparativa do perfil dos secretários municipais ao longo de três décadas (1996, 2006 e 2017), com base em dados de três inquéritos transversais realizados em âmbito nacional, por meio de questionários estruturados direcionados para todos os secretários do país. A análise evidenciou aumento da participação feminina, maior diversidade étnica e racial e maior qualificação profissional dos gestores, além da renovação do perfil geracional, mas ainda com predomínio de homens brancos e importantes diferenças regionais. Foi observado avanço da democratização desses espaços de gestão, mas permanece o desafio de tornar a máquina pública mais representativa do conjunto da sociedade brasileira.

Resumen: Les secretarios municipales de salud son actores estratégicos en la construcción del SUS (Sistema Único de Salud) y participan activamente en la gobernanza del sistema. El análisis comparativo del perfil de los secretarios municipales a lo largo de tres décadas (1996, 2006 y 2017) se realizó utilizando la base de datos de tres encuestas transversales realizadas a nivel nacional con cuestionarios estructurados dirigidos a todos los secretarios municipales de salud del país. El aumento de la participación femenina, la mayor diversidad en términos étnicos y raciales, mayor cualificación profesional de los gestores, además de la renovación del perfil generacional, reitera el avance de la democratización de estos espacios de gestión. A pesar de la renovación del perfil durante la construcción del SUS, queda el desafío de hacer que la máquina pública sea más representativa de la sociedad brasileña en su conjunto.

Abstract Municipal health secretaries are strategic actors in the construction of the Brazilian national health system - SUS, actively participating in the system's governance. The comparative analysis of the profile of municipal secretaries over three decades (1996, 2006, and 2017) was carried out using the database of three cross-sectional surveys carried out at the national level with structured questionnaires aimed at all municipal health secretaries in the country. The increase in female participation, greater diversity in ethnic and racial terms, greater professional qualification of managers, and the renewal of the generational profile, reiterates the advance of the democratization of these management spaces. Despite the renewal of the profile during SUS's construction, the challenge remains to make the public machine more representative of Brazilian society as a whole.

Sedentarismo laboral en distintos contextos ocupacionales en México: prevalencia y factores asociados / Sedentary work in different occupational contexts in Mexico: prevalence and associated factors

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia de sedentarismo laboral en diferentes contextos ocupacionales y estimar los factores asociados de acuerdo con el sector de actividad económica. Material y métodos: Análisis secundario de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE); se identificó la ocupación y se clasificó en cuatro categorías. La variable dependiente fue el sedentarismo laboral; las variables independientes fueron sexo, edad, escolaridad, ingreso, zona de residencia urbana del trabajador, formalidad laboral y región socioeconómica. Los factores asociados se estimaron mediante regresión logística múltiple por sector de actividad económica. Resultados: La mayor prevalencia del sedentarismo laboral se encontró en el sector de servicios (43%, IC95%: 42.3-43.6). Los factores asociados fueron nivel de estudios superior, mayores ingresos, ser mujer y trabajar en el sector formal. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de sedentarismo laboral es alta en sectores productivos estratégicos, por lo que es necesario considerar los factores de riesgo identificados en este trabajo para establecer estrategias de mitigación.

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the prevalence of sedentary work in different occupational contexts and to estimate the associated factors to economic activity sector. Materials and methods: Secondary analysis of the Occupation and Employment National Survey (ENOE, in Spanish) was conducted. Occupation was classified into four categories. Sedentary work was the dependent variable; the independent variables were sex, age, education, income, inhabitant of urban area, work formality and socioeconomic region. The associated factors were estimated using multiple logistic regression by economic activity sector. Results: The highest prevalence of sedentary work was found in services sector (43%, 95%CI= 42.3-43.6). The associated factors were college degree, higher income, being a woman and working in the formal sector. Conclusions: Sedentary work has a high prevalence in strategic productive sectors. It is necessary to consider the risk factors identified here to establish mitigation strategies.

La educación médica posgraduada en el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 en Villa Clara, Cuba / Postgraduate medical education in the confrontation against COVID-19 in Villa Clara, Cuba

RESUMEN Fundamento: capacitar a los trabajadores del sistema de salud y otros sectores en temas relacionados con la COVID-19 resulta necesario para enfrentar con éxito la pandemia. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento del proceso de capacitación sobre el nuevo coronavirus en la provincia Villa Clara durante el año 2020. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara entre febrero-octubre 2020 para lo cual se revisó la documentación existente en la Dirección de Posgrado y en la Secretaria General. La información obtenida se analizó a través de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se realizaron diversas actividades de superación posgraduada dirigidas al personal de la salud; en una primera etapa se logró capacitar al 98,59 %, en otros momentos resultaron preparados 293 055 personas de varios organismos y organizaciones. Se efectuaron talleres relacionados con los protocolos de actuación, medidas de bioseguridad y otras acciones. Para garantizar la atención efectiva en el cumplimiento de misiones en el territorio nacional e internacional, se graduaron 54 médicos y 287 licenciados en Enfermería en un diplomado sobre Bioseguridad, más 54 técnicos en Enfermería en un entrenamiento sobre riesgo biológico. Conclusiones: la actualización del personal del sistema de salud y de otros sectores ha garantizado un adecuado enfrentamiento a la pandemia, lo cual ha permitido que en el período estudiado, esta provincia se mencione entre las que han logrado un mayor control de la enfermedad en Cuba.

ABSTRACT Background: training workers in the health system and other sectors on issues related to COVID-19 is necessary to successfully face the pandemic. Objective: to describe the behavior of the training process on the new corona virus in Villa Clara province during 2020. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences from February to October 2020, so the existing documentation in the Postgraduate Department and the General Secretariat was reviewed. The information obtained was analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: various postgraduate improvement activities were carried out aimed at health personnel; In the first stage, 98.59% were trained, at other times 293,055 people from various agencies and organizations were trained. Workshops related to action protocols, biosafety measures and other actions were held. To guarantee effective care in the fulfillment of missions in the national and international territory, 54 doctors and 287 graduates in Nursing graduated from a diploma course on Biosafety, plus 54 Licensed Practical Nurses graduated from a training course on biological risk. Conclusions: the updating of the health system personnel and of other sectors has guaranteed an adequate confrontation with the pandemic, which has allowed that in the period studied, this province is considered among those that have achieved greater control of the disease in Cuba.

Perfil sociodemográfico e laboral dos profissionais de enfermagem que assistem crianças e adolescentes com câncer / Perfil socio demográfico y laboral de profesionales de enfermería que ayudan a niños y adolescentes con cáncer / Socio-demographic and labor profile of nursing professionals who assist children and adolescents with cancer

Objetivos: Descrever e analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e laboral dos profissionais de enfermagem que prestam assistência a crianças e adolescentes com câncer. Método: Estudo transversal, analítico, exploratório, realizado em hospital universitário entre outubro de 2016 e março de 2017. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi um questionário sociodemográfico e laboral, desenvolvido para esse estudo. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes foram mulheres, com idade entre 20 e 59 anos, casadas, com filhos, com pelo menos graduação concluída e mais de 10 anos de atuação. Frequentemente estavam alocadas em função de nível médio, com número de pacientes por plantão amplamente superior ao preconizado pela legislação, além de carga horária semanal extensa e até triplas jornadas. Muitos deles já vivenciaram doenças graves seja com eles próprios ou familiares. Considerações Finais: Tornou-se evidente que a assistência de enfermagem em oncopediatria é cercada por inúmeras singularidades e que o perfil dos profissionais de enfermagem influencia em questões que envolvem desde as condições de trabalho da enfermagem, suas práticas e se somam as condições frágeis inerentes ao estado de saúde das crianças e adolescentes com câncer e seus familiares(AU)

Objectives: To describe and analyze the sociodemographic and labor profile of nursing professionals who provide care to children and adolescents with cancer. Method: Crosssectional, analytical, exploratory study, carried out in a university hospital between October 2016 and March 2017. The data collection instrument used was a sociodemographic and labor questionnaire, developed for this study. Results: Most participants were women, aged between 20 and 59 years, married, with children, with at least graduation and more than 10 years of experience. They were often allocated as a function of medium level, with the number of patients per shift much higher than that recommended by law, in addition to an extensive weekly workload and even triple shifts. Many of them have already experienced serious illnesses either with themselves or with family members. Final Considerations: It became evident that nursing care in pediatric oncopediatrics is surrounded by numerous singularities and that the profile of nursing professionals influence issues that involve from the working conditions of nursing, their practices and add to the fragile conditions inherent to the health state of children and adolescents with cancer and their families(AU)

Objetivos: describir y analizar el perfil sociodemográfico y laboral de los profesionales de enfermería que atienden a niños y adolescentes con cáncer. Método: estudio transversal, analítico, exploratorio realizado en un hospital universitario entre octubre de 2016 y marzo de 2017. El instrumento de recolección de datos utilizado fue un cuestionario sociodemográfico y laboral, desarrollado para este estudio. Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes fueron mujeres, con edades entre 20 y 59 años, casadas, con hijos, con al menos graduación y más de 10 años de experiencia. A menudo se asignaban en función del nivel medio, con un número de pacientes por turno muy superior al recomendado por la ley, además de una extensa carga de trabajo semanal e incluso turnos triples. Muchos de ellos ya han experimentado enfermedades graves consigo mismos o con miembros de su familia. Consideraciones finales: Se hizo evidente que el cuidado de enfermería en oncopediatría pediátrica está rodeado de numerosas singularidades y que el perfil de los profesionales de enfermería incide en cuestiones que involucran desde las condiciones laborales de la enfermería, sus prácticas y se suman a las frágiles condiciones inherentes al estado de salud de niños y adolescentes cáncer y sus familias(AU)

Training for professionals and other health workers as regard as hospital management of COVID-19 / Artículo original

RESUMEN Fundamento: Cuba ha desplegado una estrategia nacional para la prevención y control contra la COVID-19; entre sus elementos se destaca la capacitación a profesionales y otros trabajadores del sector de la salud. Objetivo: mostrar el diseño y puesta en práctica de un curso de superación para la capacitación de profesionales y otros trabajadores sobre el abordaje hospitalario contra la COVID-19. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, entre marzo-mayo de 2020 en el Hospital Militar Universitario "Manuel Fajardo Rivero", de Santa Clara, Villa Clara. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inductivo-deductivo; empíricos: análisis documental, grupo nominal y el criterio de especialistas para la valoración del producto diseñado. Resultados: la capacitación se efectuó mediante el curso diseñado en la modalidad presencial con una semana de duración; consta de seis temas y está concebido según necesidades específicas de aprendizaje dependiendo de la actividad laboral de los trabajadores. Se aplicaron varios principios didácticos y diferentes modalidades evaluativas para comprobar la aprehensión de los contenidos, y se potencializó la simulación como estrategia didáctica. Conclusiones: el curso diseñado cumple los requerimientos didácticos, es pertinente, factible y tiene un adecuado tratamiento científico y metodológico en sus temas según el criterio de los especialistas consultados; su ejecución posibilitó medir el nivel de apropiación de conocimientos y habilidades para la atención a pacientes Su impacto positivo se ha demostrado cuando después de más de 60 días de trabajo ininterrumpido en el hospital no se ha reportado contagio entre sus trabajadores.

ABSTRACT Background: Cuba has developed a national strategy to prevent and control COVID-19; training for professionals and other workers from the healthcare sector are among the key elements included in it. Objective: to present the design and implementation of a training course for professionals and other workers about the hospital management of COVID-19. Methods: from March to May 2020 a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the "Manuel Fajardo Rivero" University Military Hospital, Santa Clara, Villa Clara. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and inductive-deductive methods; empirical methods: documentary analysis, nominal group and expert judgement for evaluating the product design. Results: training was carried out according to a face to face learning course, for a week; it was divided into six topics and it was conceived according to specific learning needs depending on the labour peformed by workers. Several didactic principles and different types of evaluation were applied to check the content understanding, and simulation as didactic strategy, was enhanced. Conclusions: the course was designed to meet the didactic requirements, it is pertinent, feasible and it was designed taking into account an adequate scientific and methodological treatment for each topic according to expert judgement. Knowledge understanding and professional skills when working with patients were meaured after being implemented this course. The positive impact of it is evident since no contagion has been reported among workers in the hospital, for a continuous period of more than 60 days.

Percepción de los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina sobre su formación profesional / Medical students' perception of the professional training they were taught

RESUMEN Fundamento: los estudiantes constituyen una fuente de información básica para evaluar la calidad de su formación profesional, señalando sus fortalezas y debilidades, las cuales pueden ser utilizadas con vistas al mejoramiento del proceso formativo. Objetivo: describir la percepción estudiantil sobre la calidad de su formación profesional al terminar el 5to año de la carrera de Medicina del Plan de Estudio Perfeccionado de 2013, en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo entre septiembre-noviembre de 2019. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción; empíricos: análisis de documentos y encuesta en forma de cuestionario a estudiantes y docentes. Para la propuesta de mejora se aplicó la técnica "tormenta de ideas". Resultados: la percepción estudiantil sobre su preparación recibió evaluación de 4, las mayores insuficiencias estuvieron en la realización del examen físico en Cirugía y Urología, algunas formas de organización de la docencia, indicación del tratamiento médico y la realización de habilidades y técnicas diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Entre las barreras más identificadas estuvieron la masividad en las matrículas, el escaso tiempo e insuficiente entrenamiento para alcanzar habilidades prácticas en algunas estancias y la insuficiente función tutorial de algunos docentes. Conclusiones: la percepción estudiantil respecto a la calidad de su formación se puede calificar de buena, aunque se señalaron algunas carencias. El estudio realizado contribuye a continuar perfeccionando el proceso docente educativo en aras de lograr un egresado de las ciencias médicas cada día más competente.

ABSTRACT Background: students are a basic source of information for evaluating the quality of the professional training they were taught, by pointing out their strengths and weaknesses, which can be used to improve the training process. Objective: to describe the student's perception of the quality of the professional training they were taught at the end of the 5th year of the Medical Career according to the 2013 Advanced Study Plan, in the Medical Faculty at the University of Medical Sciences in Villa Clara. Methods: from September to November, 2019, a descriptive study was conducted . Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction; empirical methods: analysis of documents and questionnaire survey used to collect information from students and teachers. The "brainstorming" technique was used to make it a better proposal. Results: the student's perception of the quality of the professional training they were taught, achieved grade 4. The biggest deficiencies had to do with physical examination performance in Surgery and Urology, some ways through which the teaching learning process is managed, medical prescription and in aspects related with diagnostic and therapeutic skills performance as well as techniques. Among the most important obstacles were: massive number of registrations, the limited time and insufficient training for students to achieve practical skills in some stages and the inadequate tutorial function of some teachers. Conclusions: student's perception of the quality of the professional training they were taught can be considered good, although some shortcomings were noted. Research result is a contribution for a better teaching learning process so as to have an increasingly competent physician.

Motivación profesional hacia la carrera de Medicina en estudiantes santaclareños del preuniversitario "Capitán Roberto Rodríguez" / Professional motivation towards the Medicine degree in Santa Clara students of "Captain Roberto Rodríguez" pre-university

RESUMEN Fundamento: la elección de una carrera constituye una decisión compleja para los estudiantes preuniversitarios por no tener bien definido su pensamiento profesional para el futuro. Objetivo: caracterizar la motivación profesional hacia la carrera de Medicina en los estudiantes de onceno grado del preuniversitario "Capitán Roberto Rodríguez", de Santa Clara. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo con un diseño de dos etapas entre septiembre 2018-febrero 2019. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos para la fundamentación de la investigación, empíricos: encuesta, la composición y el completamiento de frases para la obtención de información en correspondencia con el objetivo propuesto, y matemático-estadísticos para los valores en cifras. Resultados: se constató que las razones que más influyen en los estudiantes para optar por la carrera de Medicina son el amor y respeto a la profesión, ayudar a la población y la influencia de familiares y/o amigos, las que responden a lo socialmente esperado; pero no están interiorizadas en la mayoría lo cual se confirmó al analizar los resultados de las técnicas de exploración aplicadas: hubo predominio de un bajo nivel de conocimientos sobre la futura profesión, poco vínculo afectivo hacia ella, e insuficiencias en la autovaloración y en la proyección futura de su personalidad. Conclusiones: se determinaron las razones para optar por la carrera de Medicina en los estudiantes del preuniversitario mencionado, y se corroboró la necesidad de realizar acciones de orientación profesional en este nivel de enseñanza para fortalecer la motivación por el futuro desempeño médico.

ABSTRACT Background: the choice of a degree constitutes a complex decision for pre-university students because their professional thinking is not well defined for the future. Objective: to characterize the professional motivation towards the medical degree in eleventh grade students of "Captain Roberto Rodríguez" pre-university of Santa Clara. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out with a two-stage design from September 2018 to February 2019. Theoretical methods were used for the foundation of the research, empirical ones: survey, essay and completeness of sentences to obtain information in correspondence with the proposed objective, and mathematical-statistic for the values in figures. Results: it was found that the reasons that most influence students to opt for the medical degree are love and respect for the profession, helping the population and the influence of family and/or friends, which respond to the socially expected ; but they are not internalized in the majority which was confirmed when analyzing the results of the applied exploration techniques: there was a predominance of a low level of knowledge about the future profession, little affective link to it, and inadequacies in self-assessment and future projection of its personality. Conclusions: the reasons for opting for the medical degree in the students of the aforementioned pre-university students were determined, and the need for professional guidance actions at this level of education to strengthen the motivation for future medical performance was confirmed.

The management level positioning of scientific research secretary and its team building in university affiliated hospitals / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To discuss the management level positioning of scientific research secretary in university affiliated hospitals,also propose suggestions for the team building.Methods Discussed the characteristics and particularities of the university affiliated hospitals,analyzed management level of scientific research secretary.Based on the fact that doctors or professional technicians are commonly part-time scientific research secretaries in these hospitals,discussed the responsibilities and team building.Results The university affiliated hospitals should establish a scientific research secretary as a management level between administrative entities and researchers,to form a four-level management mode.To fulfill this,detailed suggestions on qualifications,occupational instructions,selection process,job task and position transition of scientific research secretary were discussed in this article.Conclusions The responsibility of scientific research secretaries should be positioned to assist the scientific research management departments,to extend better need-based services to all scientific researchers,with the aim of promoting scientific research management services to "implement to people" and implementing the "people-oriented" concept.

Assistência odontológica à gestante: conhecimento e prática de dentistas da rede pública e seu papel na rede cegonha / Dental care for pregnant women: knowledge and practice of public health dentists and their role in rede cegonha (stork network)

Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento e a prática de cirurgiões-dentistas da rede pública de um município de médio porte do Sul do Brasil acerca da assistência odontológica prestada à gestante. Métodos:Estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa. Foram entrevistados 42 cirurgiões-dentistas, atuantes na Atenção Básica e no Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas do município. Para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário composto por 7 itens relativos ao perfil sociodemográfico e 21 questões relacionadas à assistência odontológica às gestantes. Resultados: O perfil dos profissionais caracterizou-se pela predominância de profissionais do sexo feminino, formados em instituições de ensino particulares, especialistas e que prestam serviço no âmbito público e privado. De maneira geral, o conhecimento identificado foi satisfatório. Contudo, lacunas em relação ao uso de alguns medicamentos foram identificadas. Em relação à prática, observou-se que, apesar de os profissionais concordarem em realizar procedimentos menos invasivos, eles demonstraram certa resistência em executar extrações dentárias e radiografias. Quando comparados os resultados, considerando-se o nível de atenção, não houve diferença estatística no que se refere ao conhecimento (p = 0,161). Entretanto, diferença estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada na prática da assistência odontológica (p < 0,001), sendo o melhor resultado detectado em profissionais atuantes nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Conclusão: Os índices de conhecimento em relação à assistência odontológica no pré-natal foram satisfatórios, entretanto, não se reproduzem totalmente na prática. Neste contexto, reforça-se a importância da formação em saúde para o trabalho interprofissional, no intuito de melhorar as condições de saúde bucal e sistêmica de gestantes, puérperas e bebês. (AU)

Aim: To verify the knowledge and practice of public dentists from a medium-sized municipality in the South of Brazil, regarding the dental care provided to pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. A total of 42 dentists were interviewed, working in the Primary Care and Dental Specialties Center of the municipality. For data collection, a questionnaire, consisting of seven items related to the sociodemographic profile and 21 questions related to dental care provided to pregnant women, was applied. Results: The profile of professionals was predominantly female, who were specialists, trained in a private institution, and who provided dental services in the public and private spheres. In general, the identified knowledge was satisfactory, and the dental practice indexes were lower. However, gaps in relation to the use of some medications were identified. Regarding the practice, it was observed that although the professionals agreed to perform less invasive procedures, they did show some resistance to performing tooth extractions and X-rays. When comparing the results considering the level of attention, no statistical difference regarding knowledge was observed (p = 0.161). However, a statistically significant difference was found in the practice of dental care (p < 0.001), with the highest result appearing among professionals working in Basic Health Units. Conclusion: The knowledge indexes regarding prenatal dental care were satisfactory; however, they were not about to be fully reproduced in practice. In this context, the importance of health education for interprofessional work is reinforced in order to improve the oral and systemic health conditions of pregnant women, mothers, and babies. (AU)

Características sociodemográñcas, académicas, laborales y satisfacción de los anestesiólogos en Colombia, 2015 / Sociodemographic, academic, work and satisfaction characteristics of anesthetists in Colombia, 2015

Abstract Introduction: Human resources are the pillars of the health system, requiring people who are talented and committed, and optimal working conditions to meet the health needs of the population. Anesthetists are an essential component of this resource. Objective: To describe the sociodemographic, academic and work characteristics, and the level of satisfaction, of Colombian anesthetists. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional observational study in a non-probabilistic sample. An online structured questionnaire was constructed to evaluate sociodemographic, academic and work characteristics of Colombian anesthetists. Results: A total of 702 anesthetist answered at least part of the survey. Of them, 70% were male, the average age was 45 ± 11 years, and 62% were married. Most of the anesthetists had graduated from public universities (47%), and stated that they would specialize again in anesthesiology (89%). Most commonly, anesthetists were self-employed (47%), while the payment for hour worked was the most usual form of compensation (50%). Of the respondents, 67% worked shifts of 12 or more hours, and 75% worked 200h/month. For 74% of anesthetists, hourly fees ranged between USD$18.23 and $27.34, while monthly income ranged between USD$ 3,645.13 and $5,467.69 in 33%. Conclusions: There is significant work overload among Colombian anesthetists. The level of satisfaction with the practice of the specialty is high; however, the level of satisfaction with the hiring and compensation systems is low.

Resúmen Introducción: El recurso humano es la base del sistema de salud, siendo necesario contar con talento humano idóneo, comprometido y en condiciones laborales óptimas para atender las necesidades de salud de la población. Los anestesió-logos constituyen un componente fundamental de dicho recurso. Objetivo: Describir las características sociodemográficas, académicas y laborales y el nivel de satisfacción de los anestesiólogos colombianos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional de corte transversal en una muestra no probabilística. Se construyó un instrumento estructurado en medio electrónico, el cual evaluó características sociodemográficas, académicas y laborales de los anestesiólogos colombianos. Resultados: Un total de 702 anestesiólogos respondieron alguna sección de la encuesta, el 70% fueron hombres, con edad promedio de 45 ± 11 años, casados (62%). La mayoría de anestesiólogos egresaron de universidad pública (47%), y declaran que se especializarían nuevamente en anestesiología (89%). La prestación de servicios es la forma más frecuente de vinculación (47%) mientras que el pago por hora laborada (50%) la forma más habitual de remuneración. El 67% de los anestesiólogos realizan jornadas de 12 o más horas y el 75% labora 200horas/mes. Para el 74% de los anestesiólogos el valor de la hora laborada se encuentra entre USD $18,23 - $27,34, con ingresos mensuales entre USD $ 3.645,13 - $ 5.467,69 en el 33%. Conclusiones: Existe sobrecarga laboral entre los anestesiólogos colombianos. El nivel de satisfacción con el ejercicio de la especialidad es alto, no obstante, el nivel de satisfacción con los sistemas de contratación y la remuneración son bajos.

The Frequency of Job Performance of the Korean Professional Medical Support Staff at Medical Institutions over 500 Beds / 중환자간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was intended to investigate the frequency of job performance of the Korean professional medical support staffs (PMSS).METHOD: The data of 1,666 PMSS from 36 hospitals and over 500 beds were analyzed. The participants were divided into 5 groups: advanced practice nurses (APN), clinical nurse experts, physician assistants (PA), coordinators, and others.RESULTS: Among the 5 main domains of job performance, advanced clinical practice has the highest frequency (111.36 d/y), followed by consultation/collaboration (75.66 d/y), education/counseling (53.54 d/y), leadership (23.90 d/y), and research (19.14 d/y). There was a significant difference in the frequency of job performance between the 5 groups of participants. The invasive activities were more frequent in the PA group. In the education and counseling domain, APNs had a higher level of job frequency than others (p < .001). In the research and leadership domains, APNs and coordinators had more prominent performance frequency than other groups (p < .01). However, there are some ambiguities in the job performance of the 5 groups depending on institutional characteristics.CONCLUSION: To establish the scope of work of PMSS, organizational and individual efforts are needed to promote and expand the leadership and research domains. To resolve the ambiguities of PMSS' roles, it is necessary to reorganize their titles.

Perfil profesional del fisioterapeuta en actividad física, ejercicio físico y deporte / Professional profile of the physiotherapist in physical activity, physical exercise and sport

El fisioterapeuta es un profesional capacitado para intervenir a nivel individual o colectivo, en la promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad, mediante intervenciones que promuevan hábitos y estilos de vida saludable. Por ende, el objetivo de este artículo fue analizar el perfil profesional del fisioterapeuta en el campo de la actividad física, ejercicio físico y el deporte. Método: Se analizaron 66 artículos científicos que abordaron la actuación profesional del fisioterapeuta en el campo de la actividad física, el ejercicio físico y el deporte, los cuales fueron identificados mediante búsqueda en las bases Scielo, Google Scholar y PubMed y publicados entre 2000 y 2017. Resultados: La literatura muestra que ejercicio físico y deporte conforman un área importante del perfil profesional del fisioterapeuta, se analizan las competencias y habilidades del perfil profesional del fisioterapeuta en la actividad física, el ejercicio físico y deporte, desde la perspectiva del actuar clínico y de la generación de nuevo conocimiento. Discusión: la formación profesional en salud adquiere una responsabilidad mayor de cara a la comprensión de problemas complejos, en donde cobran importancia el desarrollo de destrezas y habilidades de naturaleza actitudinal y emocional, así como la capacidad analítica en contexto y bajo perspectivas multi e interdisciplinares. La fisioterapia debe continuar fortaleciendo esta área, investigando para mejorar el conocimiento que se tiene al respecto, y aportando a la calidad en la prestación de los servicios terapéuticos.

Physiotherapists are professionals trained to act, individually or collectively, in the promotion of health and prevention of disease through interventions that promote healthy habits and lifestyles. Therefore, the objective of this article was to analyze the professional profile of the physiotherapists in the field of physical activity, physical exercise and sports. Method: A total of 66 scientific articles that addressed the professional performance of the physiotherapist in the field of physical activity, physical exercise and sports were analyzed. These documents were identified through searches in the Scielo, Google Scholar and PubMed databases and published between 2000 and 2017. Results: The literature shows that physical exercise and sport form an important area of ​​the physiotherapist's professional profile, the competences and skills of the profile are analyzed in physical activity, physical exercise and sport from the perspective of the clinical act and of the generation of new knowledge. Discussion: under multi and interdisciplinary perspectives, professional training in health acquires a greater responsibility for the understanding of complex problems, where the development of skills and abilities of attitudinal and emotional nature, as well as the analytical capacity in context become important. Physiotherapy should continue strengthening this area, developing researches to improve the knowledge on this matter, and contributing to the quality in the provision of therapeutic services

Análisis del rol del fonoaudiólogo(a) en el sector salud en Chile / Analisys of the role of speech and language therapist in the health sector in chile

En Chile, los fonoaudiólogos han estado incorporados laboralmente en instituciones de salud, desde la apertura de la carrera a nivel nacional; sin embargo, el rol que el profesional cumple en dicho sector no está declarado, lo que ha dificultado su vinculación laboral en el sector público, particularmente en atención primaria. OBJETIVOS: Conocer la percepción de los fonoaudiólogos sobre las habilidades y tareas profesionales demandadas en el sector salud dentro del contexto nacional, y a partir de esta, generar una pro puesta del rol profesional en dicho ámbito laboral. MÉTODO: Diseño no experimental, tipo analítico, descriptivo y transversal. Se aplicó el protocolo "Autorreflexión del desempeño profesional en Salud" a 19 fonoaudiólogos, que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Las responsabilidades profesionales más demandadas son: evaluación, intervención, derivación y colaboración; habilidades interpersonales, supervisión, gestión, e identificación, cobran menor importancia; acciones de prevención evidencian poca realización. CONCLUSIONES: conocer el rol del fonoaudiólogo que trabaja en salud en Chile permite configurar su actuar, generando una gama de funciones, habilidades, responsabilidades y técnicas a dominar, que retroalimentan la formación profesional y orientan en la creación de políticas públicas, facilitando la transición del fonoaudiólogo a otros ámbitos dentro del propio sector salud, como la atención primaria.

In Chile, Speech Language Pathologists (SLPs) have been incorpo rated in health care institutions, from the opening of the under-graduated program throughout the nation; however, the role that this professional should perform in that sector is not stated, which has hindered their employment relationship in the public sector and particularly in primary health. OBJECTIVES: To know the perception of SLPs about the abilities and tasks demanded in the health sector within the Chilean national context, and from this, to generate a proposal of the professional role in this field of work. Method: Non-experimental design, analytical, descriptive and transverse type. The protocol "Self Reflection of Health Professional Performance" was applied to 19 SLPs, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The most demanded professional responsibilities are: evaluation, inter vention, referral and collaboration; Interpersonal skills, supervision, management, and identification, Becomes more important; Prevention actions show little accomplishment. CONCLUSIONS: To know the role of the SLPs who works in health in Chile, allows to configure their performance, generating a range of functions, skills, responsibilities and techniques to master, which feedback the profes sional training and guide in the creation of public policies, facilitat ing The transition of the SLPs to other areas within the health sector itself, such as primary care.

Development of Hospital Nurses' Job Description based on DACUM Method: Focusing on General Ward and Intensive Care Unit / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to clarify nurses' duties, tasks and task elements and to develop a job description for clinical nurses on general and intensive care units in tertiary-level hospitals, and dramatically reflect changing medical trends in Korea. METHODS: The job description was developed based on the Developing a Curriculum Method (DACUM). The questionnaire included frequency, importance, and difficulty of duties, tasks and task elements, measured on a 4-point scale. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Data were collected from September 4 to 7, 2017, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a scattered graph. RESULTS: The job description consisted of 10 duties, 38 tasks, and 51 elements. Of the 10 duties, the highest duty in order of importance was ‘Direct nursing care’ followed by ‘Infection control’. The highest duties according to frequency and difficulty were ‘Document and notify’ and ‘Research and quality improvement’. ‘Safety management’ and ‘Infection control’ were considered as relatively simple duties, however, these two duties were still included as important jobs for clinical nurses. CONCLUSION: The job descriptions for clinical nurses developed from this study contain nursing ethics and safety as well as infection control, to faithfully reflect clinical nurses' jobs.

Development of the Scope of Practice for Palliative Care Aides with Delphi Method / 한국호스피스완화의료학회지

PURPOSE: Given the emergence of a new profession called a palliative care aide, this study aims to develop the scope of its practice using the Delphi consensus method. METHODS: This study was participated by a panel of experts comprising 36 members who were involved in either hospice palliative care practice or making relevant policies. Through a four-step Delphi study, the feasibility of the duty, task and task element was examined. Among the results, items that scored over 4.0 out of 5.0 were selected. RESULTS: The analysis of the Delphi study suggested four job duties, 15 tasks and 46 task elements to be included in the practice scope for palliative care aides. CONCLUSION: This study defined the scope of practice for palliative care aides, which is expected to prevent any conflict or confusion regarding their job and to promote the quality of their service.

Enlightenments and reflections of cancer case management abroad to domestic / 中国实用护理杂志

Case management is a flexible, systematic, holistic new care model which can integrate the episodic therapy of cancer patients. Case management applied the process of assess, plan, implementation, evaluation and feedback to the process of case management, conduct the path management from diagnosis to follow-up. This paper introduces the job descriptions and competence of case managers, the development of cancer case management domestic and overseas; so as to offer reference for the domestic implementation of cancer case management. Consequently realize the comprehensive rehabilitation of physical, psychological, social and spiritual function for cancer patients.