Milk Intake Patterns with Lactose and Milk Fat in Korean Male Adults / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the milk intake patterns with lactose and milk fat in Korean male adults using the following variables: milk intake level, awareness of lactose, and milk fat, health problems, and necessity of milk intake. In addition, the factors affecting milk intake were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. METHODS: The subjects were 532 males aged 20 years or older among the nationwide milk purchasing group. The subjects were 223 (41.9%) in the 20–29 year age group, 188 (35.3%) in the 30–49 year age group and 121(22.7%) in the over 50 year age group. The survey was conducted using ANOVA and multiple comparative analysis to examine the differences in age and multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting the intake of milk. RESULTS: The intake of milk in the subjects was 538.14 ± 494.23 ml per week. There were statistically significant differences in the subjects' age according to processed milk, low fat, nonfat milk, cheese, and ice cream. The perception of milk and lactose and milk fat was recognized as a good food for skeletal health when milk was consumed. Among the milk nutrients, lactose was highly recognized at the age of 20–29, and milk fat was recognized in those over 50 years. In addition to lactose and milk fat, calcium was the most highly recognized among the milk nutrients. Health problems associated with milk were skeletal health, obesity, and lactose intolerance. The perception of lactose intolerance was related to lactose intolerance and fatness, and the dietary behavior was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: This study examined the milk intake patterns of adult Korean males. Many variables were found to be related to the intake of milk. In this study, the milk intake was high when there was no problem with the perception and dietary behaviors of milk nutrition (lactose and milk fat). This study focused on lactose and milk fat, which are major nutrients in milk, and it is a new perspective study among milk-related research.

Milk Intake Patterns with Lactose and Milk Fat in Korean Male Adults / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the milk intake patterns with lactose and milk fat in Korean male adults using the following variables: milk intake level, awareness of lactose, and milk fat, health problems, and necessity of milk intake. In addition, the factors affecting milk intake were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. METHODS: The subjects were 532 males aged 20 years or older among the nationwide milk purchasing group. The subjects were 223 (41.9%) in the 20–29 year age group, 188 (35.3%) in the 30–49 year age group and 121(22.7%) in the over 50 year age group. The survey was conducted using ANOVA and multiple comparative analysis to examine the differences in age and multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting the intake of milk. RESULTS: The intake of milk in the subjects was 538.14 ± 494.23 ml per week. There were statistically significant differences in the subjects' age according to processed milk, low fat, nonfat milk, cheese, and ice cream. The perception of milk and lactose and milk fat was recognized as a good food for skeletal health when milk was consumed. Among the milk nutrients, lactose was highly recognized at the age of 20–29, and milk fat was recognized in those over 50 years. In addition to lactose and milk fat, calcium was the most highly recognized among the milk nutrients. Health problems associated with milk were skeletal health, obesity, and lactose intolerance. The perception of lactose intolerance was related to lactose intolerance and fatness, and the dietary behavior was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: This study examined the milk intake patterns of adult Korean males. Many variables were found to be related to the intake of milk. In this study, the milk intake was high when there was no problem with the perception and dietary behaviors of milk nutrition (lactose and milk fat). This study focused on lactose and milk fat, which are major nutrients in milk, and it is a new perspective study among milk-related research.

A study on the mental health outcomes of North Korean male defectors: comparing with general Korean males and searching for health policy implications

The present study attempts to understand the features of North Korean male defectors' emotive, cognitive and behavioral responses to criminal victimizations when compared with general Korean male population, the reference group, and to explore mental health and medical policy implications from the statistical analyses. Using and analyzing merged data from 'Crime Victimization in Korea, 5 (2006),' and 'A Survey on North Korean Refugees (2006),' the author found that group differences do exist in the components of emotive, cognitive and behavioral responses to possible victimizations from crimes and violences. For each of emotive and cognitive responses to threat of victimizations, North Korean defectors scored significantly higher than general male population except perceived vulnerability. For behavioral responses, however, North Korean defectors scored significantly lower. These results were interpreted to provide the evidences for the need of transformations of micro- and macro-level health policies for North Korean defectors.

Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method with UV Detector for the Determination of Di(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate in Plasma in some Korean Male Workers / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to validate a simple, rapid and sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detector (HPLC-UV) and present the plasma level of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in some Korean male workers. METHODS: HPLC-UV for quantification of plasma DEHP was validated by the following guideline from the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)-calibration/standard curve, precision, accuracy and recovery. Plasma DEHP from 255 healthy Korean male workers aged from 30 to 60 years was analyzed by validated HPLC-UV method. RESULTS: The calibration curve over the range 0~150 microgram/liter for the plasma DEHP standard solution showed linearity(r2=0.999). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of plasma DEHP were 5.22 microgram/liter and 15.81 microgram/liter, respectively. The accuracy and precision for 2.5 microgram/liter of DEHP were acceptable in CDER guideline on the second and third day but not first day, and those for 50 microgram/liter and 150 microgram/liter of DEHP were acceptable on all three days(Ed-confirm this addition). The distribution of plasma DEHP level was skewed to the left and ranged from 0 to 18.9 microgram/liter. The plasma DEHP level was lower than 10 microgram/liter for 98 % of subjects and lower than 5 microgram/liter for 85 %. The geometric mean and standard deviation of plasma DEHP were 0.4 +/- 1.5 microgram/liter. CONCLUSIONS: The HPLC-UV method for quantification of plasma DEHP was acceptable by CDER guideline. The plasma DEHP of 255 Korean male workers ranged from 0 to 18.9 microgram/liter and the distribution was skewed to the left.

Is There a Decrease in Semen Parameters among Korean Men? / 대한남성과학회지

A study was conducted in three large populations to determine whether sperm quality has changed in Korea between January 1995 to November 1999. We reviewed sperm concentration, motility and semen volume on two tertiary general hospitals in Korea, data of which collected since 1995 till 1999 according to the WHO guidelines(1987). The data were collected in healthy young Korean men in one center and those who visited urologic clinic in another center, There was no statistically significant difference at each year(p>0.05). Also semen volume and motility were not changed during that times. The data was collected in 1999 in both centers and monthly trends were also compared. No significant change was observed. No changes were observed in the semen parameters analysed in this two distinct populations, showing no evidence of deteriorating sperm quality in Korea over recent years. Furthermore, more data is required to draw any conclusion about the trend of semen qualities in Korea.

Normal Predictive Values of FVC and FEV1 for Healthy Korean Male Workers / 대한산업의학회지

Lung Function test results can be influenced by race, socioeconomic status, and physical fitness. The choice of the most appropriate predictive equations should be based upon these considerations as well as age, sex, and body size. About 70% of Korean males smoke, and non-smokers can be a selective group in Korea. In this study, lung function test results of 683 healthy Korean male workers were analyzed to get the predictive equations of Forced Vital Capacity(FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second(FEV(1)), and FEV(1)/FVC (FEV(1)%). The age of studied workers ranged from 18to 60, and most of those finished high school or less. Healthy smokers without any respiratory symptoms or disease history were included in the study, while the effect of smoking on the test results were examined in the analysis. FVC, FEV(1), and FEV(1)% were regressed against age, height, weight and smoking status or smoking amount. Age and height explained FVC and FVC(1) most efficiently and the contribution of other variables were not significant. Whereas, smoking was significantly associated with a decrease in FEV(1)% even among healthy un-symptomatic workers. For FEV(1)%, age, height, and smoking amount were significant variables, constituting the most efficient prediction model. The lower limit of normal for percent predicted values was calculated from lower 95 percentile as well as 95% confidence interval. When the results of this study was compared to those from studies of white Caucasians, the predicted FVC and FEV(1) were lower for the given age and height but the differences were less than 10%. The slopes of regression equation for height and age were, however, not significantly different when the social backgrounds of the studied subjects were similar.

Studies on Semen: I. Normal Semen in Korean Males* / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Semen of normal Korean adults has been studied and the average values obtained are volume of an ejaculate 2.9 ml, sperm count 99.4 million/ml., and motile sperm cell count 63.3 million/ml. Motility was present in 64.5% of specimens by the hanging drop method, 62.5% by the Farris test and 85.8% by the Blom's Nigrosin-Eosin test. The eosin test revealed that 61.8% of sperms were motile and 26.8% were non-motile but alive. The activity was graded as "3" in 48% and morphology was normal in 82%. The velocity of sperm was determined to be 1.58 seconds/0.05 mm. And the endurance study revealed 12 live cells/HPF 24 hours after ejaculation. These results were compared with those reported by American, European and Japanese investigators and examining methods were discussed.