ABSTRACT
Objective To develop a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the determination of S-allyl-L-cystein in extraction of garlic. Methods A LC-MS method was established on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)column with the mobile phase consisting of 1‰ formic acid water-methanol (95:5), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and detection with post-column splitting. The split ratio was 2:1, column temperature was set at 25 ℃. The mass spectrometer equipped with ESI and the ion source was operated in negative mode. The dry gas flow was 10.0 L/min, the nebulizer pressure was 30 psig, and the vaporizer temperature was 350 ℃. SIM detector, S-allyl-L-cystein m/z 160 and S-allyl-L-cystein sulfoxide m/z 176. Results The calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 0.062 5-2 μg/mL of S-allyl-L-cystein. The detection limit was 0.01 μg/mL. The within-day RSD was 4.11% and the day-to-day RSD was 4.49%.The average recovery for S-allyl-L-cystein was 101.63%. Conclusions The method is simple and accurate. It is adapted to determine and analyze S-allyl-L-cystein in extraction of garlic and the average content of S-allyl-L-cystein is 0.514 μg/mg.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Some studies has showed that even though reperfusion is essential for the recovery of renal function, it, itself, might be caused of renal injury through liberation of oxygen free radical due to surplus oxygen following reperfusion. If it is so, it can be presumed that oxygen free radical scavenger during reperfusion might be useful drugs to protect renal injury during reperfusion. On the base of this hypothesis, we selected prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) which is vasodilator and cellular protector which act through decreased demand of ATP and N-acetyl-L-cystein (NAC) which is oxygen radical scavenger for the purpose to see oxygen free radical scavenger related drugs will work on protection from renal injury during reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To define the efficacy of these drugs, It was evaluated by a serial check of the serum creatinine level, and pathologic change on the light microscopy. And also to investigate the role of HSP 70 and HSP 72 on reperfusion injury, immunohistochemical study and Western blot analysis were performed on the experiment rats. The experimental ischemic renal model was made by clamping hilum of both kidney for 60 minutes on Wistar male rats. After declamping, PGE1, NAC and saline through a tail vein: PGE1 35 microgram/kg/hr, NAC 6 mM/kg/hr and 0.9% saline 1 ml/kg/hr were infused for 60 minutes and then blood samples were obtained from IVC at 1st hour, 2nd hour, 1st day hour, 2nd day and 5th day after reprefusion for creatinine. RESULTS: The serum creatinine was normalized in group receiving PGE1 at 5th day after reperfusion. But creatinine was not normalized in group receiving saline and NAC at 5th day after reperfusion: serum creatinine at 5th day after reperfusion were 0.58 0.08 mg/dl in group receiving PGE1, 2.85 0.65 mg/dl in group receiving saline and 2.96 0.51 mg/dl in group receiving NAC. There was expression of HSP 72 in group receiving PGE1 at 5th day after reperfusion. But not in group receiving NAC and saline at 5th day after reperfusion. It was noted to have prominent expression of HSP 70 in renal cortex in group receiving PGE1 at 2nd and 5th day. On contrary, there were prominent expression of HSP 70 in renal cortex in group receiving NAC at 1st and 2nd hour. CONCLUSION: It is clear that PGE1 has a protective effect for ischemic renal reperfusion injury by showing early regeneration of renal tubule, persistent expression of HSP 72 and HSP 70 and normalization of serum creatinine at 5th day after reperfusion.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Acetylcysteine , Acute Kidney Injury , Adenosine Triphosphate , Alprostadil , Blotting, Western , Constriction , Creatinine , Kidney , Microscopy , Oxygen , Regeneration , Reperfusion Injury , Reperfusion , VeinsABSTRACT
The effects of Cu2+ on superior cervical sympathetic ganglion of rabbits were studied by the sucrose-gap method. Cu2+ at cumula- tive concentration inhibited ganglion action potentials. IC50 of Cu2+ was 0.26 mmol/L. The effects of Cu2+ were antagonized by neostig-miae and L-cystein, while enhanced under 1/2[Ca2+] and reduced under 3[Ca2+] .Cu2+ inhibited ganglionic N wave and P wave,without affecting LN wave.
ABSTRACT
Experiments were carried out on the isolatedrat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations and chickbiventer cervicis preparations. Zn~(2+) at cumulativeconcentration inhibited muscle contractile responseto indirect stimulation without affecting the con-ductivity of nerve. The inhibiting. action of Zn~(2+) onthe muscle contractile response to indirect stimula-tion was stronger than that on contractile responseto direct stimulation. Zn~(2+) did not affect the Achsensitivity of the chick biventer cervicis muscleThe effects of Zn~(2+) on neuromuscular transmis-sion were antagonized by Ca~(2+) and L-cystein.