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1.
Chinese Journal of Radiation Oncology ; (6): 933-938, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-956935

ABSTRACT

Objective:To explore the potential mechanism and feasibility of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal pathway inhibitor NVP-LDE225 combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of melanoma.Methods:The Gli1 mRNA expression of the melanoma cells (Melan-A and SK-MEL-2) was detected by qPCR. After treatment with NVP-LDE225, GDC-0449 or combined with radiation for 24 hours, the number and activity of Melan-A and SK-MEL-2 were detected by cell counting and CCK-8 kit. The survival and proliferation ratio of Melan-A and SK-MEL-2 were detected by cell cloning. The changes of cell cycle of melanoma Melan-A cells were determined by flow cytometry. The levels of the Bax and Caspase3 of Melan-A apoptosis protein in melanoma cells were detected by Western blot.Results:NVP-LDE225, an inhibitor of Smo, decreased the mRNA expression of Gli1 in the melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited the proliferation ratio of the melanoma cells, induced apoptosis, and arrested melanoma cells in G 0 / G 1 phase. Gamma ray irradiation after NVP-LDE225 treatment further inhibited the SHH signal pathway, arrested the melanoma cells in G 2 / M phase, and further increased the inhibitory effect on melanoma cell proliferation. Conclusions:NVP-LDE225, an inhibitor of Smo, can inhibit SHH signal pathway in melanocytes, suppress cell proliferation, and further increases the effect of inhibiting cell proliferation after combining with irradiation. It can be used as a potential drug in combination with radiotherapy in the treatment of melanoma, which is worthy of further study.

2.
Biol. Res ; 43(4): 439-444, 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-582858

ABSTRACT

7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) differs from cholesterol by a functional ketone group at C7. It is an oxygenated cholesterol derivative (oxysterol), commonly present in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Oxysterols are generated and participate in several physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. For instance, the cytotoxic effects of oxidized LDL have been widely attributed to bioactive compounds like oxysterols. The toxicity is in part due to 7-KC. Here we aimed to demonstrate the possibility of incorporating 7-KC into the synthetic nanoemulsion LDE, which resembles LDL in composition and behavior. This would provide a suitable artificial particle resembling LDL to study 7-KC metabolism. We were able to incorpórate 7-KC in several amounts into LDE. The incorporation was evaluated and confirmed by several methods, including gel filtration chromatography, using radiolabeled lipids. The incorporation did not change the main lipid composition characteristics of the new nanoparticle. Particle sizes were also evaluated and did not differ from LDE. In vivo studies were performed by injecting the nanoemulsion into mice. The plasma kinetics and the targeted organs were the same as described for LDE. Therefore, 7-KC-LDE maintains composition, size and some functional characteristics of LDE and could be used in experiments dealing with 7-ketocholesterol metabolism in lipoproteins.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Ketocholesterols/chemistry , Lipoproteins, LDL/chemistry , Nanoparticles , Chromatography, Gel , Emulsions , Ketocholesterols/pharmacokinetics , Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism , Models, Biological , Nanoparticles/chemistry
3.
São Paulo; s.n; 2010. 82 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-595093

ABSTRACT

O Metotrexato (MTX) é um fármaco utilizado como anti-inflamatório no tratamento da artrite reumatóide (AR). O risco de doença cardiovascular em pacientes com AR é menor quando tratados com MTX. Apesar dessa evidência, há poucos relatos da utilização de MTX para o tratamento da aterosclerose. Foi desenvolvida em nosso laboratório uma nanopartícula rica em colesterol (LDE), a qual é reconhecida pelos receptores da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDLr) após injeção na corrente sangüínea. A LDE concentra-se em células com hiperexpressão de LDLr, em processos proliferativos como a aterosclerose. Dessa maneira, a LDE pode ser utilizada como veículo para o direcionamento de fármacos contra essas células. A molécula de MTX foi latenciada e a modificação do fármaco aumentou a sua incorporação à LDE. A proposta desse estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de MTX associado à LDE (LDE-MTX) no tratamento da aterosclerose em coelhos além de investigar o efeito desse complexo na expressão de genes inflamatórios que participam do processo aterogênico. Para realização do estudo foram utilizados quatro grupos de 10 coelhos (raça New Zealand) cada, sendo que todos foram submetidos a uma dieta rica em colesterol por 8 semanas. Após as primeiras 4 semanas de dieta, os grupos foram tratados com LDE-MTX (grupo LDE-MTX), MTX comercial (grupo MTX comercial), LDE (grupo controle LDE) ou solução salina (grupo controle Salina), via endovenosa por 4 semanas. O grupo LDE-MTX não apresentou toxicidade ao longo do tratamento de acordo com os parâmetros utilizados, enquanto que o grupo MTX comercial apresentou uma queda acentuada de eritrócitos ao final do tratamento (p<0,001). A análise morfométrica macroscópica mostrou que os grupos LDE-MTX e MTX comercial reduziram as lesões ateroscleróticas quando comparados ao grupo controle Salina (66 e 76%, respectivamente) (p<0,001). Por microscopia, a camada íntima do arco aórtico e torácico foi reduzida nos grupos LDE-MTX (67% e 75%) e MTX comercial...


Methotrexate (MTX) is the most frequently used drug for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. The incidence of vascular disease in these patients is lower when treated with MTX. However, few studies have been done using MTX for atherosclerosis treatment. In previous studies, we showed that, after injection into blood stream, a cholesterol-rich nanoparticle (LDE) binds to low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLr) and concentrates in tissues with intense cell proliferation such as atherosclerosis. LDE may thus carry drugs directed against those tissues reducing the toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. For stable association with LDE, a lipophylic methotrexate derivative was used. The purpose of this study was to test MTX associated to LDE (LDE-MTX) in rabbits with atherosclerosis and investigate their anti-inflammatory effects on inflammatory mediators. Atherosclerosis was induced in rabbits by cholesterol rich diet during eight weeks. After 4 weeks from the introduction of the atherogenic diet, 4 groups of 10 animals were treated with LDE-MTX (LDE-MTX group), commercial MTX (commercial MTX Group), LDE (LDE control group) and saline solulion (Saline control group). MTX dose in both preparations was 4mg/kg/week during 4 additional weeks. LDE-MTX group showed superior tolerability with pronouncedly lesser hematologic toxicity in comparison to commercial MTX (p< 0.001). By morphometric analysis, both LDE-MTX and commercial MTX treatment groups showed a pronounced reduction of lesion area compared with Saline control group (66-76% respectively) (p<0001). By microscopy, intimal width at aortic arch and thoracic segments was reduced by 67% and 75% in LDE-MTX group compared to Saline control group, respectively (p<0.05). Commercial MTX group showed a reduction of 81% and 92% at aortic arch and thoracic segments compared to Saline control group, respectively (p<0.05). Presence of macrophages in intima layer at aortic arch was reduced by 59% and 57% (p<0.001) in LDE-MTX and...


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Adult , Rabbits , Atherosclerosis/drug therapy , Cholesterol , Methotrexate , Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Lipoproteins, LDL/pharmacology , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Toxicity Tests/statistics & numerical data
4.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2007. 85 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-837427

ABSTRACT

Lipoproteínas do plasma trocam lipídeos e apolipoproteínas constantemente. Além da ação de proteínas de transferência, a habilidade das lipoproteínas em receber ou doar lipídeos depende também de diversos outros fatores. A estrutura e a composição de lipídeos e de proteína das lipoproteínas podem influenciar a fluidez da partícula e, desse modo, esta habilidade da lipoproteína. No plasma, a classe de lipoproteína que é a mais afetada pela transferência de lipídeos é a HDL. O presente estudo foi projetado para estabelecer um método . simples para quantificar a habilidade desta lipoproteína em receber simultaneamente suas principais classes de lipídeos constituintes, fosfolipídeo, colesterol livre, éster de colesterol e triglicerídeo. O método é baseado na troca lipídica ocorrida entre uma nanoemulsão artificial (LDE) que se assemelha à estrutura lipídica da LDL, usada como doador de lipídeos radioativos, e as lipoproteínas plasmáticas. Após precipitação da LDE e das demais lipoproteínas, a capacidade da HDL de receber lipídeos é quantificada pela medida da radioatividade presente na lipoproteína. No presente estudo, foi realizada a padronização deste método, assim como analisadas possíveis interferências no método. No mesmo estudo, foi analisada a transferência de lipídeos da LDE para a partícula de HDL em indivíduos controles. A elevação da temperatura (4 a 37°C), do tempo de incubação (5min a 2h) e de HDL-Colesterol (33 a 244 mg/dL) resultaram em progressivo aumento na transferência dos quatro lipídeos da LDE para a HDL. Por outro lado, o aumento do pH (6,5 a 8,5) e da concentração de albumina (3,50 a 7,00 g/dL) não alteraram os valores de transferência. A amostra de plasma mostrou ser inalterada para este ensaio por período de 12 meses (p>0,05), enquanto que a LDE foi inalterada por até 15 dias (p>0.2). Os resultados da análise intra-ensaio apresentaram imprecisão (C.V.) para · a transferência de fosfolipídeo, colesterol livre, éster de colesterol e triglicerídeo de 0,83, 0,56, 1,49 e 0,51 %, respectivamente. A análise inter-ensaio mostrou imprecisão para os resultados de transferência de fosfolipídeo, colesterol livre, éster de colesterol e triglicerídeo 0,78, 0,59, 1,32 e 0,58%, respectivamente. A média da transferência de fosfolipídeo, colesterol livre, éster de colesterol e triglicerídeo da LDE para a HDL nos 53 voluntários foi de 25,5±2,6, 9,9±1 ,6, 4,8±1,3 e 6,9±1 ,1%, respectivamente. As transferências de éster de colesterol, triglicerídeo e colesterol livre se correlacionaram positivamente entre estes lipídeos. Foram encontradas correlações positivas também entre as transferências de fosfolipídeo e de triglicerídeo e entre a transferência de colesterol livre e a concentração de colesterol de HDL. O método de transferência de lipídeos para a fração HDL mostrou ser prático e preciso, .podendo, dentro das condições ideais estabelecidas neste trabalho, determinar a capacidade receptora de lipídeos da HDL


Plasma lipoproteins constantly exchange lipids and apolipoproteins. Besides the action of transfer proteins, the ability of lipoproteins to receive or donate lipids also depends on several other factors. The structure, lipid and protein composition of the lipoproteins may influence the fluidity of the particle and thereby this ability of lipoprotein. In the plasma, the lipoprotein class that is the most affected by lipid transfers is HDL. The current study was designed to establish a practical method to quantify the ability of this lipoprotein to simultaneously receive its main constituent lipid classes, namely phospholipid, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester and triglycerides. The method is based on the lipids exchange between an artificial nanoemulsion (LDE) that resembles the LDL, used as a donor of radioactive lipids, and plasma lipoproteins. After precipitation of the LDE and the others plasma lipoproteins, the accept capacity of the HDL' is quantified by the measure of radioactivity in the lipoprotein. In the present study, the validation of this method was carried through. Moreover, possible interferences in the method had been analyzed. In the same study, the transfer of lipids of LDE for the particle of HDL from control subjets was analyzed. The rise of temperature (4 to 37°C), time of incubation (5min to 2h) and of HDL-Cholesterol (33 to 244 mg/dL) resulted in gradual increase in the transfer of the four lipids from LDE to HDL. On the other hand, the increase of pH (6.5 to 8.5) and albumin concentration (3.50 to 7.00 g/dL) had not modified the values of transfers. The plasma sample showed to be unchanged for this assay for period of 12 months (p>0.05), whereas the LDE was unchanged for 15-days (p>0.2). The intra-assay results showed imprecision (C.V) of 0.83, 0.56, 1.49 and 0.51 % for phospholipid, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester and triglycerides transfer, respectively. The inter-assay showed imprecision for results of phospholipid, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester and triglycerides transfer of 0.78, 0.59, 1.32 and 0.58%, respectively. The average of phospholipid, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester and triglycerides transfers from LDE to HDL in the 53 volunteers was of 25.5±2.6, 9.9±1.6; 4.8±1 .3 and 6.9±1 .1 %, respectively. Cholesterol ester, triglyceride and free cholesterol transfers positively correlated among each other. A positive correlation was also found between phospholipid and triglyceride transfers and free cholesterol transfer and HDL cholesterol concentration. The method of lipids transfer to HDL showed to be practical and reproducible, being able, inside of the ideal conditions established in this work, to determine the aceptora capacity of lipids of the HDL


Subject(s)
Lipids , Lipoproteins/metabolism , Cholesterol, HDL/pharmacology
5.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2007. 94 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-837428

ABSTRACT

A relação entre transferência de lipídeos, idade e aterogênese são complexas e ainda não estão claras. É possível que a troca de lipídeos esteja alterada com a avançar da idade e relacionada com a Doença Arterial Coronariana (DAC). O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a hipótese se em indivíduos mais jovens a habilidade da HDL de receber lipídeos é diferente de indivíduos mais velhos com e sem a evidência clínica da DAC. Dentro desses aspectos, foram determinados o diâmetro da partícula desta lipoproteína, a atividade da Paraoxonase (PON1) e sua capacidade de receber lipídeos. Para tanto, foram estudados 86 indivíduos divididos em quatro grupos: adulto jovem (25±4), meia-idade (42±8), idosos sem evidência clínica de DAC (75±6) e idosos com DAC (74±5). Uma nanoemulsão artificial rica em colesterol (LDE) marcada com 3H-TG e 14C-CL ou 3H-CE e 14C-FL foi incubada com plasma. Após a precipitação de outras lipoproteínas, o sobrenadante contendo HDL foi separado e em seguida, medida a radioatividade. O diâmetro da HDL foi medido por laser scattering (nm). Foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre as taxas de transferência de 3H-éster de colesterol (CE) entre os grupos: adulto jovem (3.7±1.0%); meia idade (4.1 ±0.7%) e idosos (5.3±1.8%);p= 0.024. Também ocorreu diferença entre as taxas de transferência do 14C-fosfolipídeo (FL): adulto jovem (18.7±4.6%), meia idade (18.3 ±4.0%) e idosos (20.6±5.3); p=0.0368. Com relação ao tamanho das partículas de HDL, foi encontrada diferença entre os grupos: os grupos adulto jovem (8.9± 0.3nm) e meia idade (8.9± 0.3nm) apresentaram menores diâmetros de HDL quando comparados ao do grupo de idosos sem evidência clínica da DAC (9.7± 1.6);p= 0,0444. As transferências de lipídeos foram expressas em % de radioatividade. A idade correlacionou-se positivamente com a taxa de transferência do 3H- éster de colesterol (r=0.3365; p=0.0036), com a concentração de colesterol total (r=0.4965; p=0.0001) e com a concentração de HDL colesterol (r=0.3559; p=0.0023). Também houve correlação positiva com o tamanho de HDL (r=0.3695; p=0.0013). Em princípio, os indivíduos idosos sem evidência clínica da DAC, aparentemente têm alguma proteção contra a mesma. Desse modo, com o intuito de saber se os resultados encontrados no presente trabalho sustentam a afirmação acima, foi realizada a comparação desse grupo com um grupo de idosos que apresentavam a DAC. O grupo com DAC apresentou menor tamanho de partícula de HDL (8,7±0,7). As taxas de transferência de 3H-CE e de 14C-FL também foram menores neste grupo (3H-CE=3,1 ±2,3 e 3H-TG= 5,1 ±1 ,6). Devido ao importante papel antiaterogênico da HDL, esses resultados podem ser relevantes para estabelecer novos mecanismos existentes entre os aspectos qualitativos dessa lipoproteína, o avanço da idade e a presença da DAC


The relationship between transfer of lipids, age and atherogenesis are complex and yet unclear and is possible that the shift of lipids to HDL may be altered by the aging process and related with coronary artery disease (CAD). We tested the hypothesis whether in younger patients the ability of HDL to receive lipids is different from that of elderly patients with or without CAD. Inside of these aspects, the HDL size, the activity of Paraoxonase (PON1) and its capacity to receive lipids was determined. It was studied, 25 younger, 25 middle age, 36 elderly patients with a coronariography and/or a perfusion scintilography on the last 6 months (11 with CAD, 74±5 yo; and 25 patients without proved CAD, 75±6 yo). An artificial cholesterol-rich nanoemulsion labeled with 3H-TG and 14C-FC or H-CE and 14C-PL was incubated, per 1 hour, with plasma. After chemical precipitation of apoB-containing lipoproteins and the nanoemulsion, the supernatant containing HDL was counted for radioactivity. The HDL diameter was measured by laser-light-scattering. Transfer of CE and PL to HDL was smaller in young patients than in the elderly patients without CAD, but the transfer of the other lipids are equal (CE: young= 3.7±1.0%; middle age= 4.1 ±0.7%; elderly without CAD= 5.3±1.8%; p= 0.024 and PL: young= 18.7±4.6%; middle age= 18.3 ±4.0%; elderly without CAD= 20.6±5.3; p=0.0368). The HDL size was greater in elderly group without CAD (9.7± 1.6nm) than in younger (8.9± 0.3nm) and middle age patients (8.9± 0.3nm); p=0,0444. Transfer of lipids to HDL was expressed as % of total incubated radioactivity. The age positively correlated with the transfer of CE (r=0.3365; p=0.0036), with the total cholesterol concentration (r=0.4965; p=0.0001) and with the HDL concentration cholesterol (r=0.3559; p=0.0023). Also had positive correlation with the size of HDL (; p=0.0013). In principle, the aged patients without CAD, have some protection against the same one. In this aspect, with intention to know if the results found in the present work support the affirmation above, was compared this group with a group of aged that presented the CAD. Comparing elderly patients without CAD with elderly patients with CAD, the transfer of CE and FL as well as HDL size was smaller in the CAD group (CE=3.1±2.3 and TG= 5.1±1.6; 8.7±0.7nm). Due to HDL important antiatherogenic roles, this result can be relevant to establish new mechanisms and risk factors in aging and in CAD


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Apolipoproteins/metabolism , Lipids , Lipoproteins, HDL/pharmacology , Aging/metabolism , Coronary Disease/drug therapy
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