Esthetic Root Coverage Of An Isolated Gingival Recession By Lateral Pedicle Graft Technique: A Case Report

Background:Gingival recession is the one of the widespread mucogingival deformity and should be treated at its most primitive recognition. Exposed root surfaces are more likely to develop root sensitivity, root caries, cervical abrasions and post esthetic problems. Amid innumerable procedures, laterally positioned pedicle graft (LPG) is extensively used efficaciously to conceal recession defects. The main advantages of thelaterally positioned pedicle graft is, it produces excellent esthetic results as it has good vascularity of the flap and ability to cover the denuded surfaces. Thus,the present case report describes the use of lateral pedicle graft technique in an isolated gingival recession on mandibular incisor.

Study of Effects of Kerosene and LPG on Pulmonary Function Tests in Rural Women of Punjab

The unhealthy effects of indoor air pollution by cooking fuels is great concern for good respiratory health. Present study was conducted to study and compare the effects of two major fuels used in developing countries like India, Kerosene and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in rural women of Amritsar, India. Methods: Study was conducted on 800 rural women out of which 400 using Kerosene as cooking fuel and rest 400 using LPG. Subjects of chronic and recent respiratory illness even if treated were excluded Ventilatory functions of lungs were done on computerized spirometer, MED-SPIRER. Results: There was statistically significant decline in FEV1 in Kerosene using women (0.98±0.47) when compared with LPG using women (1.86±0.37). Other parameters FEV3, PEFR, FEF 25-75%, FEF2-12, FEF 25%, FEF 50% FEF 75% and MVV showed similar significant decline in women using Kerosene as fuel. Conclusion: There is significant decline in ventilator function od lungs in women using Kerosene as cooking fuel, which is still used in developing country like India. Reduced values indicate small airway obstruction.

Afecciones respiratorias por el uso de leña y carbón en comunidades de Paraguay

Introducción: El uso de combustibles sólidos está asociado con más de 4 millones de muertes prematuras anuales en el mundo, especialmente de mujeres y niños. El uso del carbón y la leña son todavía muy prevalentes en Paraguay donde el 21% de la población urbana y 71% de la población rural utilizan estos combustibles para cocinar. Objetivo: Describir el uso de energía en los hogares de dos comunidades en Paraguay, una semi urbana y una rural. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio de tipo descriptivo y de corte transverso que se realizó por medio de una encuesta en 250 casas seleccionadas aleatoriamente. Resultados: El análisis de los datos obtenidos muestra que más del 74% de los hogares usan carbón vegetal, ya sea como combustible principal o secundario, el gas licuado del petróleo (GLP) es más usado en la comunidad semiurbana (59% > 43%) y la leña es más usada en la comunidad rural (49.6% >22.8%). El uso de leña implica un mayor tiempo destinado a la recolección, acondicionamiento y cocinado de alimentos. El uso de leña y carbón se hace predominantemente al aire libre (84% de los hogares) en cocinas sin chimenea. Se encontró una mayor prevalencia de enfermedades respiratorias en los hogares que utilizan carbón o leña (45%> 29%). El uso de electricidad para cocinar no es muy prevalente (únicamente el 7% lo usa como combustible principal). Conclusión: El uso de carbón y leña en los hogares del Paraguay es alto lo que tiene repercusiones en la salud y favorece las condiciones de inequidad social en el país. Se considera que una buena alternativa al uso de biomasa en Paraguay sería la electricidad, debido a que cuenta con grandes recursos hidroeléctricos y la red eléctrica cubre a casi la totalidad de la población (99%).

Introduction: The use of solid fuels is associatedwith more than 4 million premature deaths annually in the world, especially in women and children. The use of charcoal and firewood is still very prevalent in Paraguay, where 21% of the urban population and 71% of the rural population use these fuels for cooking. Objective: To describe the use of energy in the homes of two communities in Paraguay, a semi-urban and a rural one. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study that was carried out by means of a survey in 250 randomly selected households. Results: The analysis of the data obtained showed that more than 74% of households used charcoal, either as a primary or a secondary fuel. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was more commonly used in the semi-urban community (59%> 43%) and firewood was more used in the rural community (49.6%> 22.8%). The use of firewood implies a longer time for the collection, preparation and cooking of food. The use of firewood and charcoal was predominantly outdoors ( 84 % of households) in kitchens without a fireplace. A higher prevalence of respiratory diseases was found in households that used charcoal or firewood (45%> 29%). The use of electricity for cooking was not very prevalent (only 7% used it as the main fuel). Conclusion: The prevalence of the use of charcoal and wood in homes was high and has repercussions on collective health and favors the conditions of social inequality in the country. We suggest that promotion of electricity for cooking would be a viable clean alternative, because the country has large hydroelectric resources and the electric network covers almostthe entire population(99%).

Modelación de riesgos hacia los trabajadores y comunidad por emisiones de gas licuado de petróleo, utilizando software Slab View en la ciudad de Los Ángeles, Chile / Risks modeling to workers and the community for releases of petroleum liquid gas, using software slab view in los angeles city, Chile

RESUMEN: 21. Con el software SLAB VIEW se realizaron modelaciones para determi nar cuantitativamente los riesgos hacia los trabajadores y comunidad por emisiones accidentales de gas licuado de petróleo, desde fuentes de uso y almacenamiento, dentro del radio urbano de Los Ángeles (Chile). Se modelaron 23 fuentes con categoría de riesgo grave, clase "C" y las 3 fuentes con categoría muy grave, clase "D", identificadas con la meto dología APELL, aplicada en el estudio de Silva et. al (2016). 22. 23. Se evaluó el comportamiento espacial y temporal de las fugas de gas para estanques identificados con capacidades de 2 m3, 4 m3, 11 m3 y 49 m3 utilizando promedios estacionales de variables meteorológicas consideradas en un periodo de evaluación de cinco años. Se utiliza ron variables de tiempo de fuga evaluando su comportamiento en 1, 3 y 5 minutos, con el fin de identificar las condiciones del peor escenario. Como resultado se obtiene que el comportamiento de la nube depende de la estabilidad atmosférica, siendo la condición esta ble donde concentraciones de interés permanecen por más tiempo alcanzando mayores distancias y que el peor escenario para una fuga son las bajas temperaturas y las condiciones atmosféricas estables. Como conclusión, puede establecerse que en la zona de estudio exis ten estanques que son potencialmente peligrosos por deflagración para trabajadores y la comunidad; sin embargo, los tiempos de expo sición no generan peligros por exposición aguda.

ABSTRACT: 28. With the SLAB VIEW software, modeling wasperformed to determine quantitatively the risks to workers and the community from acciden tal releases of liquefied petroleum gas, from sources use and storage, within the urban radius of Los Angeles (Chile). 23 sources with a severe risk category class "C" and the 3 very severe risk category class "D" identified with the APELL methodology, applied in the study by Silva et al. (2016), were modeled. 29. 30. The spatial and temporal behavior of the gas leaking for tanks iden tified with capacities of 2m3, 4m3, 11m3 and 49m3 were evaluated using seasonal averages of meteorological variables considered in a five - year evaluation period. Leakage time variables were used evaluating their behavior in 1, 3 and 5 minutes in order to identify worst-case conditions. As a result it is obtained that the behavior of the cloud depends on the atmospheric stability, being the stable condition where concentrations of interest remain longer reaching greater distances and that the worst scenario for a leak is the low temperatures and the stable atmospheric conditions. As a conclusion, it can be established that in the study area, there are ponds that are potentially dangerous due to deflagration for workers and the com munity, however, exposure times do not generate hazards due to acute exposure.

Riesgos hacia los trabajadores y comunidad por liberaciones accidentales de gases densos peligrosos en la ciudad de Los Ángeles (Chile) / Risks to workers and the community for accidental releases of hazardous dense gases in Los Angeles city (Chile)

Se evaluaron riesgos hacia los trabajadores y comunidad por posibles liberaciones accidentales de gases densos peligrosos, desde fuentes de uso y almacenamiento, dentro del radio urbano de Los Ángeles (Chile). Se obtuvo información desde organizaciones públicas, privadas y por trabajo de campo para determinar la ubicación de las fuentes, especificaciones y cantidades de gases. Se consideraron comercializadoras de gases industriales e instalaciones de GLP con estanques mayores o iguales a 2 m³. Se aplicaron las metodologías de evaluación de riesgos de la NTP N° 937 del INSHT (España) y del Programa APELL del PNUMA Los gases identificados en las comercializadoras fueron Ar, CO2, N2O y C2H2. Del análisis utilizando la metodología NTP N° 937 se obtuvo, para los trabajadores evaluados en locales de venta de gases industriales, un nivel de riesgo a priori bajo y una prioridad de acción clase 3 y, en las instalaciones de GLP de distribución masiva, se obtuvo un riesgo moderado con prioridad de acción clase 2. El análisis con metodología APELL arroja que las instalaciones de gas licuado, frente a una fuga de gas, tendrían para la comunidad nivel de consecuencias limitadas, graves y muy graves en el 67, 29 y 3,8% de los casos, respectivamente.

Risks to workers and the community were evaluated for possible accidental releases of hazardous dense gases from sources use and storage, within the urban area in Los Angeles (Chile). Information was obtained from public and private organizations and the field-work to determine the location of the sources, specifications and quantities of gases. Gases trading industries and installations of LPG tanks greater than or equal to 2m³ were considered. Methodologies for risk assessment of the NTP N°937 INSHT (Spain) and UNEP APELL program were applied. The identified gases in the trading industries were Ar, CO2, N2O and C2H2. From the analysis which used the methodology NTP No. 937, for workers evaluated in stores selling industrial gases, a low priori risk level was obtained and a priority for action class 3. In the LPG installations of mass distribution, a moderate risk with priority action class 2 was obtained. The APELL methodology analysis reveals that the liquefied gas installations, in case of gas leaking, would have limited, serious and very serious consequences for the community in 67%, 29% and 3,8% of cases respectively.

Analysis of human B cell response to recombinant Leishmania LPG3

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the capability of recombinant Leishmania LPG3 and its fragments in the activation of B cells.@*METHODS@#In the present study, human B cells were purified from peripheral blood of 10 adult healthy subjects using magnetic-activated cell sorting technique. Subsequently, purified B cells were treated with recombinant LPG3, and its N-terminal and C-terminal fragments at different concentrations (2, 10 and 20 μg/mL). B cell activation was assessed through expression of CD69 molecule by flow cytometry and secretion of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay following treatment with recombinant antigens.@*RESULTS@#Our results showed that while the recombinant LPG-3 could significantly increase the production of IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.05) in B cells, it had no effect on the secretion of IL-10 by B cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our study indicated that recombinant LPG-3 and especially its N-terminal fragment could stimulate B cell response as an important immune response component against leishmaniasis. Thus, it seems that it can be considered as an effective adjuvant in vaccine developments against leishmaniasis.

Analysis of human B cell response to recombinantLeishmaniaLPG3

Objective:To evaluate the capability of recombinant Leishmania LPG3 and its fragments in the activation of B cells.Methods:In the present study, human B cells were purified from peripheral blood of 10 adult healthy subjects using magnetic-activated cell sorting technique. Subsequently, purified B cells were treated with recombinant LPG3, and itsN-terminal and C-terminal fragments at different concentrations (2, 10 and 20 μg/mL). B cell activation was assessed through expression of CD69 molecule by flowcytometry and secretion of IL-6, TNF-αα and IL-10 cytokines via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay following treatment with recombinant antigens.Results:Our results showed that while the recombinant LPG-3 could significantly increase the production of IL-6 and TNF-α (P<0.05) in B cells, it had no effect on the secretion of IL-10 by B cells.Conclusions: Our study indicated that recombinant LPG-3 and especially itsN-terminal fragment could stimulate B cell response as an important immune response component against leishmaniasis. Thus, it seems that it can be considered as an effective adjuvant in vaccine developments against leishmaniasis.

Analysis of human B cell response to recombinant Leishmania LPG3

Objective: To evaluate the capability of recombinant Leishmania LPG3 and its fragments in the activation of B cells. Methods: In the present study, human B cells were purified from peripheral blood of 10 adult healthy subjects using magnetic-activated cell sorting technique. Subsequently, purified B cells were treated with recombinant LPG3, and its N-terminal and C-terminal fragments at different concentrations (2, 10 and 20 μg/mL). B cell activation was assessed through expression of CD69 molecule by flow cytometry and secretion of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay following treatment with recombinant antigens. Results: Our results showed that while the recombinant LPG-3 could significantly increase the production of IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.05) in B cells, it had no effect on the secretion of IL-10 by B cells. Conclusions: Our study indicated that recombinant LPG-3 and especially its N-terminal fragment could stimulate B cell response as an important immune response component against leishmaniasis. Thus, it seems that it can be considered as an effective adjuvant in vaccine developments against leishmaniasis.

Effect of chronic exposure to biomass fuel smoke on pulmonary function test parameters.

Background: Life in a typical Indian household revolves around the cooking area, and Indian women spend much of their time there. Cooking stoves in most households are nothing more than a pit, a chulha (a U-shaped construction made from mud), or three pieces of brick. Cooking under these conditions entails high levels of exposure to cooking smoke. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Chronic Exposure to Biomass Fuel Smoke on Pulmonary Function Test Parameters. Methods: 60 non-smoking women without any history of any major chronic illness in the past were selected for this study. The study group comprised of 30 rural female subjects who were chronically exposed to biomass fuel smoke combustion and 30 age matched urban female subjects exposed chronically to clean fuel combustion (Liquified Petroleum Gas–LPG) in Haryana (India). All the subjects were evaluated for pulmonary function tests by RMS Medspiror. Results: Biomass exposure index came out to be 85.68±3.69 for women cooking on biomass and LPG index was 64.17±6.97 for women cooking on LPG. This implies significant chronic exposure of women to biomass fuel smoke. The lung function parameters were significantly lesser in biomass exposed rural women [FEV1 (p<0.01), FVC (p<0.01), FEF25-75 (p<0.01), FEV1/FVC ratio (p<0.01), PEFR (p<0.01), MVV (p<0.01)] than the LPG exposed urban women. The evaluation of PFT suggested obstructive type of pulmonary disease. Conclusion: The derangement in pulmonary function parameters in women exposed to biomass smoke pollutants could be due to chronic significant exposure as suggested by high Biomass exposure Index. Inadequate ventilation in cooking area without chimney/vent also contributed to pulmonary function derangement and COPD.

A Case of Nitrogen Dioxide-Induced Pulmonary Edema in Oxygen Torch / 대한산업의학회지

BACKGROUND: Welders tend to be exposed to a variety of hazards including metal fumes, toxic gases, electricity, heat, noise, and radiation such as ultraviolet and infrared light. Noxious gases generated during welding include carbon monoxide, ozone, and nitrogen oxide. Although the effects of metal fumes have been well studied, few reports have investigated the influence of noxious gas exposure in welders. CASE REPORT: We encountered a patient who developed non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema within a day after fairing up a steel plate with an oxygen/LPG torch. The patient was a 43-year-old female who complained of dyspnea which became exacerbated the following morning. Her chest X-ray and chest CT scan showed an extensive ground glass opacity which was more prominent in the both upper lungs. Both her symptoms and chest X-ray findings improved. We attributed the patient's symptoms to non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema caused by nitrogen dioxide exposure, by reasoning that: 1) the patient's clinical course and radiologic findings suggested pulmonary edema 2) the event happened following fairing work with oxygen/LPG torch that usually induces a high concentration of nitrogen dioxide, and 3) the other possible causes of pulmonary edema could be excluded. CONCLUSION: Nitrogen dioxide-induced pulmonary edema should be considered in oxygen torch contrary to arc welding.

Production of nitric oxide by murine macrophages induced by lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania major

Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania cause a number of important human diseases. One of the key determinants of parasite infectivity and survival is the surface glycoconjugate lipophosphoglycan (LPG). In addition, LPG is shown to be useful as a transmission blocking vaccine. Since culture supernatant of parasite promastigotes is a good source of LPG, we made attempts to characterize functions of the culture supernatant, and membrane LPG isolated from metacyclic promastigotes of Leishmania major. The purification scheme included anion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and cold methanol precipitation. The purity of supernatant LPG (sLPG) and membrane LPG (mLPG) was determined by SDS-PAGE and thin layer chromatography. The effect of mLPG and sLPG on nitric oxide (NO) production by murine macrophages cell line (J774.1A) was studied. Both sLPG and mLPG induced NO production in a dose dependent manner but sLPG induced significantly higher amount of NO than mLPG. Our results show that sLPG is able to promote NO production by murine macrophages.