Dacriocistocele bilateral congénito: reporte de un caso / Congenital bilateral dacryocystocele: case report

Introducción: el dacriocistocele es una malformación congénita rara, secundaria a la obstrucción del conducto nasolagrimal; tiene una incidencia de 0,1 % de pacientes con obstrucción congénita del conducto nasolagrimal y se encuentra bilateralmente hasta en 25 % de casos. Caso clínico: lactante femenina de dos meses con celulitis periorbitaria derecha preseptal no asociada con lesión de entrada y diagnóstico inicial de dacriocistitis derecha. Al examen físico de ingreso, en el ojo derecho se evidencia gran masa abscedada en saco lagrimal; en el ojo izquierdo, un área indurada y leve reflujo a la presión del saco lagrimal. Se realiza tomografía computarizada de órbitas con hallazgos compatibles con dacriocistocele bilateral. Discusión y conclusiones: conocer la presentación y posibles complicaciones asociadas con esta patología previene una morbilidad importante al paciente. La mayoría de los casos de dacriocistocele se pueden manejar médicamente, sin embargo, aquellos asociados con complicaciones requieren de manejo quirúrgico oportuno.

Introduction: Dacryocystocele is a rare congenital malformation secondary to na-solacrimal duct obstruction. It has an incidence of 0.1% of patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, being found bilaterally in up to 25% of cases. Case Report: Two-month-old female infant with preseptal right periorbital cellulitis not associated with an entrance lesion, with an initial diagnosis of right dacryocystitis. On physical examination, a large abscessed mass in the lacrimal sac was eviden-ced in the right eye; in the left eye, there was an indurated area and slight reflux to the lacrimal sac pressure. Computed tomography of the orbits was performed with findings compatible with bilateral dacryocystocele. Discussion and conclusions: Knowing the presentation and possible complications associated with this pathology prevents significant patient morbidity. Most cases of dacryocystocele can be mana-ged medically, however, cases associated with complications require timely surgical management.

Laceração de canalículo lacrimal em centro de referência do centro-oeste paulista / Lacrimal canaliculus laceration in a reference center in the Center-West of the state of São Paulo

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as características clínico-epidemiológicas, técnicas cirúrgicas e resultado do tratamento das lacerações canaliculares operadas em nosso serviço. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, realizado de janeiro de 2012 a junho de 2020, considerando-se as lesões de canalículo lacrimal operadas em um serviço de referência. Dados demográficos, características das lesões, detalhes das cirurgias e resultado do tratamento foram obtidos de prontuários eletrônicos e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: Foram incluídos 26 portadores de lesões canaliculares, com idade entre 2 e 71 anos, sendo 73,1% homens. A lesão acometia o canalículo superior em 53,9%; 80,8% pacientes procuraram pelo serviço nas primeiras 24 horas, e 46,2% tiveram a cirurgia realizada entre 24 e 72 horas após o traumatismo. Todos os pacientes tiveram intubação mono ou bicanalicular, e o tempo transcorrido entre a cirurgia e a retirada do silicone, variou de zero a 183 dias. Após a cirurgia, 21 pacientes (80,8%; p<0,05) não apresentaram complicações, 2 (7,7%) evoluíram com obstrução canalicular, 2 (7,7%) com granuloma e 1 (3,8%) com ectrópio de ponto lacrimal. Conclusão: As lesões de canalículo encontradas em nossa prática são mais comuns em crianças ou homens jovens, acometem mais o canalículo superior e as nossas condutas levam a sucesso no tratamento na maior parte dos casos. As grandes controvérsias no assunto persistem, como o tipo e o tempo de permanência do tubo de silicone na via lacrimal. Somente estudos com grandes amostras podem consolidar esses conceitos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics, surgical techniques, and results of the canalicular laceration treatment at our service. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from January 2012 to June 2020, considering canalicular injuries operated at a reference center. Demographic data, lesion characteristics, surgical details, and treatment outcomes were obtained from electronic medical records and were statistically analyzed. Results: Twenty-six cases of people with canalicular lesions aged between 2 to 71 years old were included, of whom 73.1% were men. The superior canaliculus was affected in 53.9%; 80.8% of patients searched for care within the first 24 hours, and 46.2% had the surgery performed between 24-72 hours after trauma. All patients had mono or bicanalicular intubation and the time elapsed between surgery and silicone removal ranged from 0 to 183 days. After surgery, 21 patients (80.8%, p<0.05) did not present any complications, two (7.7%) evolved with canalicular obstruction, two (7.7%) with granuloma, and one (3.8 %) with lacrimal puncta ectropion. Conclusion: In our practice, canalicular injuries are more common in children or young men, affecting mainly the superior canaliculus, and treatment success using our approach can be achieved in most of the cases. However, great controversies remain on the subject, such as type of intubation and when to remove the silicone tube from the lacrimal pathway. Larger series are required to consolidate controversial concepts.

Bilateral congenital dacryocystocele complicated with acute dacryocystitis / Dacriocistocele congênita bilateral complicada com dacriocistite aguda

ABSTRACT Congenital dacryocystocele is an uncommon entity that results from a malformation of the nasolacrimal system, occurring predominantly in neonatal females. It may resolve spontaneously but can be associated with potentially serious complications as acute dacryocystitis, requiring referral to an ophthalmologist. Bilateral cases of congenital dacryocystocele are rarely reported. We present a case of acute dacryocystitis occurring in a female newborn with bilateral congenital dacryocystocele who presented with bilateral epiphora and a mass in the right medial canthus since birth. Computed tomography revealed a bilateral soft tissue lesion in the medial canthus of the ocular globe. Dacryocystocele progressed to secondary infection on the right and patient developed acute dacryocistitis. She was admitted to the hospital for intravenous antibiotic therapy followed by the nasolacrimal system probing. This case report is also important to address the management of congenital dacryocystocele, and the decision to carry out the most suitable treatment, considering the diverse therapeutic options.

RESUMO A dacriocistocele congênita é uma entidade incomum, que resulta de uma malformação do sistema nasolacrimal, ocorrendo predominantemente em recém-nascidos do sexo feminino. Pode se resolver espontaneamente, mas também pode estar associada a complicações potencialmente graves, como dacriocistite aguda, necessitando de encaminhamento a um oftalmologista. Raramente são relatados casos bilaterais de dacriocistocele congênita. Relatamos um caso de dacriocistite aguda acometendo um recém-nascido do sexo feminino. Ele apresentava dacriocistocele congênita bilateral, que apresentava epífora bilateral e uma massa no canto medial direito desde o nascimento. A tomografia computadorizada revelou lesão bilateral de partes moles no canto medial do globo. A dacriocistocele apresentou infecção secundária à direita, e a paciente desenvolveu dacriocistite aguda. Ela foi internada no hospital para antibioticoterapia intravenosa seguida de sondagem do sistema nasolacrimal. Este relato de caso também é importante para abordar o manejo da dacriocistocele congênita e a decisão de realizar o tratamento mais adequado, considerando as diversas opções terapêuticas.

Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy learning curve / Curva de aprendizagem de dacriocistorrinostomia endonasal endoscópica

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the learning curves of the specialists in two different fields without previous endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy experience as well as to reveal the related complications with surgical success rates. Methods: We retrospectively investigated 90 patients who received consecutive endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy with mucosa preservation by an ophthalmologist (Group 1, n=45) and an otorhinolaryngologist (Group 2, n=45) between October 2017 and October 2019. Patients who were admitted with epiphora complaints and diagnosed with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction through lacrimal irrigation test and aged >18 years with at least 6 months of follow-up were included in the study. In all cases, additional pathologies such as septum deviation were evaluated by performing maxillofacial imaging. Patients' medical records were evaluated in terms of surgery duration, complications, and functional achievements. Results: The mean surgical duration of the patients in Group-2 was 36.27 ± 11.61 min, while it was 43.62 ± 16.89 min in Group-1; the difference was statistically significant (p=0.018). Functional achievements in Group 1 was 84.4% (73.3% in the first set of 15 cases, 93.3% in the last set of 15 cases) in Group 2; this rate was 88.9% (80% in the first set of 15 cases, 93.3% in the last set of 15 cases), and the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.53). Septum intervention in addition to endoscopic surgery in both the groups (p=0.03, p=0.005, respectively) and intense bleeding during surgery (for both the groups, p<0.0001) significantly decreased the functional success. Conclusion: Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy, performed after the necessary training, can provide high success and low complication rates when even conducted by ophthalmologists who are unfamiliar with endoscopic surgery after an experience of 30 cases.

RESUMO Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é comparar as curvas de aprendizagem dos especialistas em dois campos diferentes sem experiência prévia de dacriocistorrinostomia endonasal endoscópica e revelar as complicações com as taxas de sucesso cirúrgico. Métodos: Foram investigados retrospectivamente 90 pacientes que receberam dacriocistorrinostomia endonasal endoscópica consecutiva com preservação da mucosa realizada por um oftalmologista (Grupo 1, n=45) e realizada por um otorrinolaringologista (Grupo 2, n=45) entre outubro de 2017 e outubro de 2019. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes admitidos com epífora e diagnosticados com obstrução primária do ducto nasolacrimal adquirido como resultado do teste de irrigação lacrimal, com idade superior a 18 anos e com, pelo menos, 6 meses de acompanhamento. Em todos os casos, patologias adicionais, como o desvio do septo, foram avaliadas por meio da realização de imagens maxilofaciais. Os prontuários dos pacientes foram avaliados quanto à duração da cirurgia, complicações e desempenho funcional. Resultados: A média de duração cirúrgica dos pacientes no Grupo-2 foi de 36,27 ± 11,61 minutos, enquanto no Grupo-1 foi de 43,62 ± 16,89 minutos, sendo a diferença estatisticamente significativa (p=0,018). O desempenho funcional no Grupo 1 foi de 84,4% (73,3% nos primeiros 15 casos, 93,3% nos últimos 15 casos) no Grupo 2, essa taxa foi de 88,9% (80% nos primeiros 15 casos, 93,3% nos últimos 15 casos) e a diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,53). A intervenção do septo além da cirurgia endoscópica em ambos os grupos (p=0,03, p=0,005, respectivamente) e sangramento intenso durante a cirurgia (para ambos os grupos, p<0,0001) diminuiu significativamente o sucesso funcional. Conclusão: A dacriocistorrinostomia endonasal endoscópica, realizada após o treinamento necessário, pode ser realizada com alto sucesso e com baixas taxas de complicações por oftalmologistas que não estão familiarizados com a cirurgia endoscópica após adquirirem experiência com trinta casos.

Acute dacryocystitis retention: a case report and literature review / Dacriocistite aguda de retenção: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

ABSTRACT Acute dacryocystitis retention (ADR) is an unusual entity that contributes to an incorrect diagnosis and treatment. We describe a case of acute dacryocystitis retention occurring in a 61-year-old diabetic male who presented with severe pain, swelling, and inflammatory signs above the left medial canthal ligament tendon. He had no previous history of epiphora. Computed tomography scan indicated acute dacryocystitis. Clinical treatment resulted in complete resolution of the condition. Syringing one month after the acute episode indicated a patent lacrimal excretory system. The temporary obstruction that evolved to an acute dacryocystitis retention was probably secondary to nasal alteration or supposed dacryoliths. Timely, conservative clinical treatment can lead to complete resolution of acute dacryocystitis retention with no further treatments.

RESUMO A dacriocistite aguda de retenção é uma entidade incomum, o que contribui para que o diagnóstico e o tratamento não sejam corretos. Estamos descrevendo um caso de dacriocistite aguda de retenção ocorrendo em um homem diabético de 61 anos que apresentou dor intensa, edema e sinais inflamatórios acima do tendão cantal medial esquerdo. Ele não tinha histórico anterior de epífora. A tomografia computadorizada indicou dacriocistite aguda. O tratamento clínico resultou na resolução completa da condição. A irrigação, um mês após o episódio agudo, indicou sistema excretor lacrimal pérvio. A obstrução temporária que evoluiu para uma dacriocistite aguda de retenção foi provavelmente secundária a alteração nasal ou supostos dacriolitos. O tratamento clínico conservador pode levar à resolução completa da dacriocistite aguda de retenção, sem necessidade de outros tratamentos.

Obstrução lacrimal pós-tratamento oncológico: revisão de literatura / Lacrimal drainage system obstruction after cancer treatment: a literature review

RESUMO A obstrução de via lacrimal é uma possível complicação decorrente de tratamentos oncológicos sistêmicos e locais. A epífora crônica gera grande impacto na qualidade de vida desses pacientes, e, como a fibrose terminal da via lacrimal pode necessitar de procedimentos complexos para sua resolução, é importante estarmos atentos a esse efeito adverso, com o objetivo de reconhecê-lo e tratá-lo precocemente, ou mesmo preveni-lo. Nesta revisão da literatura, os autores analisam todos os agentes quimioterápicos e radioterápicos associados à obstrução lacrimal e descrevem os mecanismos, a frequência, os tratamentos e a profilaxia. Os tratamentos oncológicos associados à obstrução lacrimal foram: radioterapia em cabeça e pescoço (dosagem acima de 45 a 75Gy), radioiodoterapia (dosagem acima de 150mCi) e quimioterapia com 5-FU, S-1, capecitabine e docetaxel. A obstrução lacrimal pode ser irreversível, e a intubação profilática das vias lacrimais é uma possibilidade descrita de tratamento profilático em casos de radioterapia e uso do 5-FU, S-1 e docetaxel. O tratamento cirúrgico de todos os casos é a dacriocistorrinostomia.

ABSTRACT Lacrimal duct obstruction can be a side effect of systemic and/or local cancer treatments. Chronic epiphora has a great impact on the quality of life of oncological patients. Since terminal fibrosis of the lacrimal system may require complex procedures, it is important to be aware of this adverse effect in order to recognize and treat it, or even prevent it. A literature review was performed to identify all types of systemic cancer treatment associated with lacrimal obstruction and to describe the mechanisms, frequency, treatment, and prophylaxis. The oncological treatments associated with lacrimal obstruction were head and neck radiotherapy (dosage above 45-75 Gy), radioiodine therapy (dosage above 150 mCi), and chemotherapy with 5-FU, S-1, Capecitabine and Docetaxel. Depending on the dose, this complication may be irreversible. Prophylactic intubation of the lacrimal system is an option for prophylaxis in cases of radiotherapy, use of 5-FU, S-1, and Docetaxel. Final surgical treatment is dacryocystorhinostomy.

Chronic unilateral tearing as a sign of lacrimal sac squamous cell carcinoma / Lacrimejamento unilateral crônico como sinal de Carcinoma espinocelular de saco lacrimal

ABSTRACT Tearing is a very common symptom in ophthalmic practice; however, this issue is commonly overlooked. The authors describe the case of a patient with chronic unilateral epiphora that had been neglected for 8 y; lacrimal system workup was performed for this patient only because of dacryocystitis evolvement. Following the diagnosis of nasolacrimal duct blockage, dacryocystorhinostomy was indicated. Intraoperative abnormal mucosa was subjected to biopsy, and a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma in the lacrimal sac was established. Extended tumor excision was performed for the patient and adjuvant radiotherapy was administered, without any recurrence till the 2-year follow-up. The present report highlights the relevance of a detailed evaluation for determining the underlying causes of tearing, especially in chronic unilateral presentation. The consideration of potential malignancy in such cases could prevent delayed diagnosis of uncommon but potentially life-threatening malignancies of the lacrimal drainage system.

RESUMO O lacrimejamento é um sinal comum na prática oftalmológica, porém frequentemente negligenciado. Os autores descrevem um caso de um paciente com epífora unilateral direita com 8 anos de história que só após evoluir com dacriocistite foi submetido a semiologia de vias lacrimais. Após o diagnóstico de obstrução baixa da via lacrimal foi submetido a cirurgia de dacriocistorrinostomia, onde o saco lacrimal de aparência atípica foi biopsiado e identificado como carcinoma espinocelular. O paciente foi submetido a ressecção oncológica do tumor seguido de radioterapia adjuvante, permanecendo livre de recidiva por 2 anos. Este caso ressalta a importância de investigar causas da epífora, especialmente quando unilateral, dada sua maior associação com a obstrução de via lacrimal. Uma semiologia oportuna das vias lacrimais podem evitar atrasos no diagnóstico de obstrução secundárias a neoplasia, que apesar de incomuns, são potencialmente fatais.

Nasolacrimal obstruction concomitant to cataract: diagnosis and management in the preoperative period of cataract surgery / Obstrução lácrimo-nasal concomitante a catarata - diagnóstico e conduta no período pré-operatório da facectomia

ABSTRACT Purpose: Concomitant nasolacrimal duct obstruction can occur in cataract carriers, which increases the risk of postoperative endophthalmitis. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of Brazilian cataract surgeons on the diagnosis and management of cataracts associated with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Methods: This survey was based on a questionnaire involving Brazilian cataract surgeons that was conducted from March to April 2018. Data were collected on the participant's profile, time and experience in ophthalmic practice, previous training in diagnosis and management of nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and background with endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. All data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed according to the frequency of occurrence. Results: Ninety-one ophthalmologists answered the questionnaire. Most (63.7%) had been performing cataract surgery for >10 years, and most (84.6%) received training to diagnose and handle nasolacrimal duct obstruction during their medical residence training. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction was investigated in the preoperative period of the cataract by lacrimal sac expression test (53.8%) or by irrigation of the tear pathways (23.1%). Nasolacrimal duct obstruction was treated with antibiotic eye drops by 47.2% of respondents. Seventy-eight percent of surgeons indicate usually performing lacrimal surgery prior to the intraocular surgery, waiting for 4 to 6 weeks to proceed with the cataract surgery. The procedure of choice for treating nasolacrimal duct obstruction prior to cataract surgery was dacryocystorhinostomy (88.4%). Most participants recognized the need for a protocol to assist in the detection and management of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in cataract carriers. Conclusion: Improvement in the diagnosis and management of nasolacrimal duct obstruction concomitant to cataract is needed, as this is a risk factor for endophthalmitis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Portadores de catarata podem apresentar concomitantemente obstrução do ducto lacrimo-nasal (DLN), com risco de desenvolver endoftalmite no pós-operatório da facectomia. O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar as percepções dos cirurgiões de catarata sobre a propedêutica e a conduta frente a pacientes com obstrução do ducto lacrimo-nasal concomitante com catarata. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa baseada em um questionário envolvendo cirurgiões brasileiros de catarata, realizado no período de março a abril de 2018. Foram levantados dados sobre o perfil dos participantes, o tempo e a experiencia da prática oftalmológica, o treinamento prévio para diagnóstico e tratamento da obstrução do ducto lacrimo-nasal e os conhecimentos de endoftalmite após cirurgia de catarata. Todos os dados foram inseridos em planilha Excel e analisados de acordo com a frequência de ocorrência. Resultados: Noventa e um oftalmologistas responderam ao questionário. A maioria (63,7%) deles realiza cirurgias de catarata há mais de 10 anos e a maioria (84,6%) recebeu treinamento para diagnóstico e tratamento da obstrução do ducto lacrimo-nasal durante o curso de residência médica. A pesquisa da obstrução crônica do ducto lacrimo-nasal no pré-operatório da catarata é feita pelo teste do refluxo de secreção pelos pontos lacrimais (53,8%) ou por irrigação das vias lacrimais (23,1%). A obstrução do ducto lacrimo-nasal é tratada com colírios antibióticos por 47,2% dos respondentes. Para os portadores de obstrução do ducto lacrimo-nasal , 78% indicam a desobstrução das vias lacrimais previamente à facectoma, aguardando de 4 a 6 semanas para tal. O procedimento de escolha para tratar a obstrução do ducto lacrimo-nasal antes da facectomia é a dacriocistorrinostomia (88,4%). A necessidade de um protocolo para auxiliar na detecção e tratamento da obstrução do ducto lacrimo-nasal em portadores de catarata é reconhecida pela maioria dos participantes deste estudo. Conclusão: É necessário melhorar a propedêutica e o manejo da catarata em portador de obstrução do ducto lacrimo-nasal porque esse é um fator de risco para endoftalmite.

Probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials / Sondagem no tratamento da obstrução lacrimonasal congênita: revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados e metanálise

ABSTRACT Purpose: Lacrimal probing is the treatment of choice for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction that does not have a spontaneous resolution; however, there is no consensus about the best time for probing and if it is superior to other therapies. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lacrimal probing compared with other treatments/no intervention to treat congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Methods: A systematic review of literature in PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov, and LILACS databases up to December 2019 was performed. Randomized clinical trials that enrolled children diagnosed with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction and undergoing lacrimal probing were considered. Data extraction and a risk of bias assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate. The overall quality of evidence for each outcome was conducted using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation classification system. Results: Four randomized clinical trials involving 423 participants were eligible. No statistically significant differences were observed in resolution rates between early probing and observation/late probing (two studies; risk ratio 1.00 [95% confidence interval 0.76-1.33]; p=0.99; low certainty evidence). One study reported better resolution rates with bicanalicular silicone stent intubation compared with late probing in the complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction cases subgroup (risk ratio 0.56 [95% confidence interval 0.34-0.92]; p=0.02; moderate certainty evidence). Conclusions: Low certainty evidence suggests that early probing has the same success rate as late probing. Evidence of moderate certainty suggests that late probing has a lower success rate than bicanalicular silastic intubation in patients with complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstructione.

RESUMO Objetivo: A sondagem lacrimal tem sido o tratamento de escolha para a obstrução lacrimonasal congênita que não apresenta resolução espontânea. Contudo, não há consenso sobre qual é a melhor época para a realização da sondagem e se ela é melhor do que outras terapias. O objetivo foi avaliar a efetividade da sondagem lacrimal no tratamento da obstrução lacrimonasal congênita. Método: Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada usando as plataformas eletrônicas PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov e LILACS até o período de dezembro de 2019. Foram considerados ensaios clínicos randomizados envolvendo crianças com obstrução lacrimonasal congênita submetidas a sondagem lacrimal. A extração dos dados e avaliação do risco de viés foram feitas por dois autores independentemente. A análise da qualidade da evidência para cada desfecho foi realizada por meio do sistema GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Resultados: Quatro ensaios clínicos randomizados foram incluídos, envolvendo 423 participantes. A metanálise mostrou que não houve diferença estatística na resolução da obstrução lacrimonasal congênita entre o grupo submetido à sondagem lacrimal precoce e o submetido à observação/sondagem tardia (2 estudos; risco médio 1.00 [intervalo de confiança de 95% 0.76, 1.33] p=0,99, I2=79%, baixa certeza de evidência). Um estudo evidenciou melhores resultados da intubação bicanalicular com silicone em comparação a sondagem tardia no subgrupo das obstruções lacrimonasais congênitas complexas, (1 estudo; risco médio 0.56 [intervalo de confiança de 95% 0.34, 0.92] p=0,02, moderada certeza de evidência). Conclusões: Há evidências de baixa qualidade de que a sondagem precoce tem a mesma taxa de sucesso que a sondagem tardia. Evidências de moderada certeza sugerem que a sondagem tardia tem menor chance de sucesso do que a intubação bicanalicular com silicone em casos de obstruções lacrimonasais congênitas complexas.

Congenital dacryocystocele diagnosed by antenatal ultrasonography with spontaneous resolution / Dacriocistocele congênita diagnosticada por ultrassonografia pré-natal com resolução espontânea

ABSTRACT Dacryocystocele is a rare benign facial abnormality of the nasolacrimal system, which may be detected at the antenatal workup during the third trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound is the method of choice for this examination. However, magnetic resonance imaging may also be used in selected cases. Dacryocystocele is mostly a transient finding; it may resolve spontaneously in utero or postnatally. When the defect is bilateral and persists in neonatal life, it may lead to respiratory complications. We report a case of a fetus with bilateral dacryocystocele diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy with spontaneous postpartum resorption.

RESUMO A dacriocistocele é uma anormalidade facial benigna rara do sistema nasolacrimal, que pode ser detectada na rotina pré-natal durante o terceiro trimestre da gravidez. O ultrassom é o método de escolha, mas a ressonância magnética também pode ser usada em casos específicos. Na maioria das vezes, a dacriocistocele é um achado temporário, que pode se resolver espontâneamente ainda no útero ou após o nascimento. Quando a anormalidade é bilateral e persiste na vida neonatal, pode levar a complicações respiratórias. Este é o relato do caso de um feto com dacriocistocele bilateral diagnosticada por ultrassom pré-natal no início do terceiro trimestre da gravidez, com reabsorção espontânea após o nascimento.

Topical mitomycin in endoscopic-assisted probing for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in older children / Mitomicina tópica em sondagem endoscópica assistida para tratar obstrução congênita do ducto nasolacrimal em crianças mais velhas

ABSTRACT Purpose: Mitomycin C has been used in ophthalmic surgery to mitigate postoperative scarring. However, the outcomes of endoscopic-assisted probing for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with adjunctive mitomycin C in children remain unknown. Our study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive application of mitomycin C after endoscopic-assisted probing for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review performed in a tertiary eye care hospital involving children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, who underwent endoscopic-assisted probing from October 2013 to August 2015. We compared children who underwent endoscopic-assisted probing with mitomycin C (mitomycin C group) versus others who underwent endoscopic-assisted probing without mitomycin C (endoscopic-assisted probing group). The mitomycin C group received 0.2 mg/ml within 4 min to the nasolacrimal duct ostium using a cotton tip applicator immediately after probing. Probing was considered successful when patient complaints of tearing were reduced or the results of the dye disappearance test were normal. Demographic data, clinical features, and intraoperative and postoperative variables were correlated to the success rate. Results: The study sample comprised 68 lacrimal vies. The majority of children had bilateral obstruction and no previous history of probing. The mean age of the patients was approximately 4 years. Most obstructions were considered complex. The success rates were high in both groups (p>0.05). There were no adverse events related to the use of mitomycin C (p>0.05). Conclusions: Although mitomycin C has no adverse effects when applied to the opening of the nasolacrimal duct, its use after lacrimal probing for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction does not improve the chance of success.

RESUMO Objetivo: A mitomicina C tem sido usada em cirurgia oftálmica para reduzir cicatrizes pós-operatórias. Entretanto, os resultados da sondagem endoscópica assistida para o tratamento da obstrução congênita do ducto nasolacrimal com mitomicina C adjuvante em crianças permanecem desconhecidos. Nosso estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia e a segurança da aplicação da mitomicina C após a sondagem endoscópica assistida para o tratamento da obstrução congênita do ducto nasolacrimal em crianças. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão retrospectiva de prontuários, realizads em um hospital terciário de oftalmologia, envolvendo crianças com obstrução congênita do ducto nasolacrimal, submetidas à sondagem endoscópica de Outubro de 2013 a Agosto de 2015. Comparamos crianças submetidas à sondagem endoscópica com mitomicina C (grupo mitomicina C) versus outros que foram submetidos à sondagem endoscópica sem mitomicina C (grupo de sondagem endoscópica). O grupo mitomicina C recebeu 0,2 mg/ml em 4 min para o óstio do ducto nasolacrimal usando um aplicador de ponta de algodão imediatamente após a sondagem. A sondagem foi considerada bem-sucedida quando as queixas de lacrimejamento dos pacientes foram reduzidas ou os resultados do teste de desaparecimento do corante foram normais. Dados demográficos, sinais clínicos, variáveis intra e pós-operatórias foram correlacionados com a taxa de sucesso. Resultados: A amostra do estudo foi composta por 68 vias lacrimais. A maioria das crianças apresentava obstrução bilateral e sem histórico prévio de sondagem. A média de idade dos pacientes era de aproximadamente 4 anos. A maioria das obstruções foi considerada complexa. As taxas de sucesso foram altas nos dois grupos (p>0.05). Não houve efeitos adversos relacionados ao uso da mitomicina C (p>0.05). Conclusões: Apesar a mitomicina C não tenha efeitos adversos quando aplicada à abertura do ducto nasolacrimal, seu uso após sondagem lacrimal no tratamento da obstrução congênita do ducto nasolacrimal não melhora a chance de sucesso.

Effect and influencing factors of Nd:YAG laser dacryocystoplasty combined with lacrimal stent implantation in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To analyse the curative effect and influencing factors of Nd:YAG laser lacrimal duct angioplasty combined with lacrimal duct stent implantation on the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. <p>METHODS: Totally 150 eyes of 150 patients with lacrimal duct obstruction admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 were selected and treated with Nd:YAG laser lacrimal duct plasty combined with lacrimal duct stent placement. Follow-up 6mo after extubation, the patients were divided into effective group(135 cases, 135 eyes)and ineffective group(15 cases, 15 eyes)according to the clinical efficacy. General information, complications, causes of lacrimal duct blockage, postoperative lacrimal duct flushing frequency and clinical data such as the condition of bony lacrimal duct, analysis of related factors affecting the therapeutic effect.<p>RESULTS: Follow-up 6mo after extubation, the effective rate and recurrence rate were 90.0%(135 eyes)and 1.3%(2 eyes)respectively. The course of the disease in the effective group was significantly shorter than that of the ineffective group, and the incidence of complications was significantly lower than in the ineffective group, the length of osseous lacrimal duct obstruction was significantly shorter than that of the ineffective group, the minimum diameter of the obstruction was significantly longer than that of the ineffective group, there was a significant difference in the frequency of tract flushing(all <i>P</i><0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of disease(<i>OR</i>=4.600; 95%<i>CI</i>: 3.448-6.136), complications(<i>OR=</i>2.524; 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.481-4.302),the length of osseous lacrimal duct obstruction(<i>OR</i>=3.785; 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.844-7.770)and the minimum diameter of the obstruction(<i>OR</i>=2.330; 95% <i>CI </i>1.464-3.708), as well as flushing frequency(<i>OR</i>=4.773; 95% <i>CI</i>: 2.227-10.231)were related factors affecting the therapeutic effect of Nd:YAG laser lacrimal duct plasty combined with lacrimal duct stent implantation.<p>CONCLUSION: Nd:YAG laser lacrimal duct angioplasty combined with lacrimal duct stent implantation is effective in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction, with the lower incidence of complications and recurrence rate. The course of disease, complications, postoperative lacrimal passage irrigation frequency and the condition of bone lacrimal passage are all influencing factors, among which the effective rate can be improved by properly increasing the number of lacrimal duct expansion irrigation.

Effect of endoscopic canaliculus opening operation for proximal lacrimal duct obstruction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the feasibility, effect and safety of endoscopic canaliculus opening operation with lacrimal drainage tube for proximal lacrimal duct obstruction.<p>METHODS: Totally 52 patients(61 eyes)with proximal lacrimal duct obstruction were examined in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from June 1 2016 to June 1 2018, and all were treated by endoscopic canaliculus opening operation with lacrimal drainage tube. Lacrimal drainage tube was removed after 2-3mo. All patients were followed up from 6-12(mean 7.3±2.2)mo. The operation effect and complications were observed.<p>RESULTS: All patients were treated by endoscopic canaliculus opening operation with lacrimal drainage tube successfully. The recovery rate was 85%, improvement rate was 8%, ineffective rate was 7%, effective rate was 93%. Without serious complications occurred after operation.<p>CONCLUSION: Endoscopic canaliculus opening operation with lacrimal drainage tube for treating the proximal lacrimal duct obstruction, could locate precisely and fully open the normal lacrimal duct with high success rate, safe and feasible.

Analysis of the effectiveness and surgical timing for the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction secondary to chemotherapy by bicanalicular stent intubation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and surgical timing for the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction secondary to chemotherapy by bicanalicular stent intubation.<p>METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed on 50 patients of 100 eyes who underwent bicanalicular stent intubation from July 2015 to April 2018 in our hospital, all the patients were suffered from lacrimal duct obstruction secondary to chemotherapy. They were divided into three groups according to the length of time between the date of surgery and the date of first chemotherapy. All patients were followed for at least 12mo post-operation. Ophthalmic physical examinations and lacrimal duct irrigations were recorded.<p>RESULTS: Evaluating the effectiveness 12mo after surgery. The efficiency of group 1, group 2 and group 3 were 83.3%, 61.1%, 30.0%, respectively. With the delay of surgical intervention, the efficiency decreased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=18.322, <i>P</i><0.01).<p>CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and surgical intervention of lacrimal duct obstruction secondary to chemotherapy with 5-FU, S-1 or docetaxel in patients with malignant tumors are of great significance to improve the success rate of surgery.

Comparison of three kinds of catheterization in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To compare the therapeutic effects of lacrimal duct retrograde catheterization, double loop antegrade catheterization, and lacrimal duct U-shaped catheter for patients with lacrimal duct obstruction.<p>METHODS: Totally 108 patients with lacrimal duct obstruction who were treated in our hospital from July 2015 to June 2018 were selected as subjects and prospectively studied. They were randomly divided into three groups: A(36 cases), B(36 cases), and C(36 cases). In group A, lacrimal duct retrograde catheterization was performed. Group B was treated with double-loop antegrade catheterization. Group C was treated with lacrimal duct U-shaped catheterization. All patients were followed up for 6mo. The intraoperative basic conditions(Lntraoperative blood loss, operation time, hospital stay), treatment efficacy, and the occurrence of complications and recurrence of lacrimal duct obstruction of the three groups were compared. <p>RESULTS: There were significant differences in the amount of intraoperative blood loss, operation time and hospital stay between the three groups(<i>P</i><0.05). The total effective rate of treatment in group A was 91.7%, which was lower than 94.4% in group B and 97.2% in group C, but the difference in total effective rate between the three groups was statistically significant(<i>P</i>>0.05). The complication rate was 11.1% in group A, 5.6% higher than that in group B, and higher than 2.8% in group C(<i>P</i>=0.010). The recurrence rate of lacrimal duct obstruction in group A was 9.1%, higher than 5.9% in group B, higher than that in group C(<i>P</i>=0.029).<p>CONCLUSION: Retrograde catheterization of the lacrimal duct, double-loop antegrade catheterization, and lacrimal duct U-shaped tube for the treatment of patients with lacrimal duct obstruction have higher therapeutic effects, postoperative complications and less recurrence of lacrimal duct obstruction, but lacrimal passage Retrograde catheterization can reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and U-shaped catheterization of the lacrimal duct can reduce the length of hospital stay, and can be widely used in clinical practice.

Influential factors of YAG laser combined with RS drainage tube in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the efficacy and independent influencing factors of YAG laser combined with RS drainage tube in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction.<p>METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the cases of 250 patients with lacrimal duct obstruction treated by laser combined drainage tube in our hospital from 2015-01/2018-01, summarized the efficacy and analyzed the independent factors of efficacy.<p>RESULTS: The total effective rate of clinical treatment was 87.9%; course of disease(<i>OR</i>=8.654, 95% <i>CI</i>: 3.740-20.023), frequency of lacrimal passage(<i>OR</i>=3.480, 95% <i>CI</i>: 2.128-5.691), length of lacrimal duct obstruction(<i>OR</i>=0.518, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.238-1.131), extubation time(<i>OR</i>=0.386, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.237-0.628)and initial surgery(<i>OR</i>=14.717, 95% <i>CI</i>: 10.798-20.059)were the independent factor influencing the efficacy.<p>CONCLUSION: YAG laser combined with RS disposable drainage tube is effective in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. Early treatment, avoiding multiple operations, proper irrigation of lacrimal passage after operation, and controlling extubation time, which are beneficial to improve the curative effect and improve the prognosis of patients.

Outcome of External Dacryocystorhinostomy and Monocanalicular Intubation in Patients with Total Obstruction of One Canalicus

PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate the outcomes of external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and mono-canalicular intubation in patients with total obstruction of one canalicus. METHODS: Sixteen eyes of 16 patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction and a single canaliculus obstruction who had undergone external DCR and monocanalicular intubation of the intact canaliculus were retrospectively included in the present study. The monocanalicular tube (Mini Monoka) was left in place for at least two months. Munk epiphora grading for the evaluation of epiphora and irrigation was performed both preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 46 ± 14.2 (range, 18 to 76) years. The inferior canaliculus was obstructed in nine eyes (group A) and the superior canaliculus was obstructed in seven eyes (group B), respectively. Eight eyes had chronic dacryocystitis and two of these eyes also had a history of acute dacryocystitis attack. Mean preoperative Munk scores were 3.89 in group A and 4.0 in group B. Ocular surface irritation occurred in one eye in group A. Artificial eye drops were prescribed and early tube removal was not performed. Spontaneous tube dislocation was recorded in one eye in group B. No other corneal, punctal, or canalicular complications were found. At six months, irrigation of intact canaliculus was patent in all eyes. Mucoid discharge, conjunctival hyperemia, and chronic conjunctivitis were also resolved. Postoperative Munk scores were 1.11 ± 0.9 in group A and 0.86 ± 0.9 in group B. Of note, preoperative and postoperative Munk scores were significantly different in both groups (group A, p = 0.006; group B, p = 0.017). The postoperative Munk scores were not statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.606). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction and a total of one canaliculus obstruction, external DCR and monocanalicular intubation of the intact canaliculus is an effective surgical option.

Clinical Outcomes of Nasolacrimal Probing and Silicone Intubation in Patients with Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and factors affecting the success rates of nasolacrimal probing and silicone intubation (SI) in patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients including 69 eyes of 59 patients who received probing and 61 eyes of 49 patients who received SI. In patients with probing, the age, sex, and history of conservative treatment were analyzed in the success and failure groups, and a success rate comparison was conducted by dividing these values into postnatal group 1 ( 12 months, the success rate of probing was lower than in patients 12 months.

Effects of lacrimal duct probing combined with tobramycin and dexamethasone in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To explore the effect of lacrimal duct probing combined with tobramycin and dexamethasone ophthalmic ointment on ocular surface symptoms and quality of life of patients with lacrimal duct obstruction.<p>METHODS: A total of 120 patients(120 eyes)with lacrimal duct obstruction treated in the hospital from October 2016 to January 2018 were selected. They were randomly divided into control group(<i>n</i>=60)and observation group(<i>n</i>=60)according to the treatment methods. The control group was treated with simple lacrimal duct probing while the observation group was treated with lacrimal duct probing combined with illing with tobramycin and dexamethasone. The clinical efficacy, changes in ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score, levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and procalcitonin(PCT)before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.<p>RESULTS: The clinical efficacy in observation group was significantly better than that in control group(<i>P</i><0.05). The total score of OSDI, scores of the frequency of eye discomfort, the effect of eye discomfort on daily life and the frequency of eye discomfort caused by adverse environment in the observation group were significantly decreased after treatment(<i>P</i><0.05). The levels of serum hs-CRP and PCT in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Lacrimal duct probing combined with tobramycin and dexamethasone is markedly effective in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. It can effectively relieve the ocular surface symptoms and improve quality of life of patients.

Effects of lacrimal duct probing combined with tobramycin and dexamethasone in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To explore the effect of lacrimal duct probing combined with tobramycin and dexamethasone ophthalmic ointment on ocular surface symptoms and quality of life of patients with lacrimal duct obstruction.<p>METHODS: A total of 120 patients(120 eyes)with lacrimal duct obstruction treated in the hospital from October 2016 to January 2018 were selected. They were randomly divided into control group(<i>n</i>=60)and observation group(<i>n</i>=60)according to the treatment methods. The control group was treated with simple lacrimal duct probing while the observation group was treated with lacrimal duct probing combined with illing with tobramycin and dexamethasone. The clinical efficacy, changes in ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score, levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and procalcitonin(PCT)before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.<p>RESULTS: The clinical efficacy in observation group was significantly better than that in control group(<i>P</i><0.05). The total score of OSDI, scores of the frequency of eye discomfort, the effect of eye discomfort on daily life and the frequency of eye discomfort caused by adverse environment in the observation group were significantly decreased after treatment(<i>P</i><0.05). The levels of serum hs-CRP and PCT in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Lacrimal duct probing combined with tobramycin and dexamethasone is markedly effective in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. It can effectively relieve the ocular surface symptoms and improve quality of life of patients.