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In Sub-Saharan Africa, Lagenaria siceraria is an oleaginous cucurbit widely consumed for its edibleseeds. These seeds were previously categorized as good enzyme sources, including four non-specific acidphosphatases isolated and designated as BLsAP1, BLsAP2, RLsAP1, and RLsAP2. In this study, we investigateon the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of these biocatalysts in order to evaluate their thermostability.Thermal inactivation was carried out in the temperature range of 55°C to 80°C from 5 to 60 minutes. The resultsrevealed that thermal inactivation of studied acid phosphatases follows first order kinetics. At their optimumtemperatures, these enzymes showed high half-lives ranging from 169.06 to 495.10 minutes and D valuesfrom 561.71 to 1,645.03 minutes. Moreover, they exhibited high activation energies (from 155.08 to 200.55kJ/mol) and average enthalpy values (from 152.23 to 197.74 kJ.mol−1) suggesting their good thermostability.The comparison of all these values revealed that the two acid phosphatases (RLsAP1 and RLsAP2) from theround-fruited cultivar of L. siceraria showed better thermal stability than those (BLsAP1 and BLsAP2) fromthe blocky-fruited cultivar.
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Background: In recent years, the search for novel pharmacotherapy from medicinal plants for psychiatric illness was significantly progressed. The present study was performed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria in animal models.Methods: The antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of the fruit of L. siceraria in rats was assessed using forced swim test and tail suspension test. Imipramine at 15 mg/kg was used as standard antidepressant drug.Results: The ethanolic extract of L. siceraria fruit (EELS) was significantly and dose-dependently reduced the duration of immobility after repeated treatment for 7 days in Forced swim test and Tail suspension Test. But combination of L. siceraria (200mg/kg) with Imipramine gave a highly significant result (p<0.001) in reduction of immobility duration and the effect of high dose (400mg/kg) with imipramine (15mg/kg) did not decrease the duration of immobility period in both animal models at end of the study. In this work the dose of 400mg/kg afforded more protection than the imipramine.Conclusions: The results obtained from this study was indicate that the antidepressant activity of L. siseraria.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity under different extraction conditions in order to track the most potent extract.@*METHODS@#The methanolic extract and its fractions in solvents of increasing polarity, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water, were made through cold maceration. Extracts in ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone and chloroform were similarly prepared. Aqueous extract was prepared through hot decoction method. A reported method was used to determine lipase inhibitory activity of extracts and fractions over wide ranges of concentrations.@*RESULTS@#The extracts and fractions exhibited concentration dependent activity. The IC (μg/mL) values of methanolic, ethanolic, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethyl acetate (after washing with water) and aqueous decoction were 293.40, 266.47, 157.59, 182.12, 352.34, 257.00, and 190.00, respectively. The activity of chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts were close to that of the drug orlistat (IC 146 μg/mL). Out of the fractions of the methanolic extract, the chloroform fraction was most active (IC 189.6 μg/mL). The order of inhibitory activity of the fractions was as follows: chloroform＞ether＞n-butanolic＞aqueous＞ethyl acetate. The GC/MS analysis of the most active chloroform faction showed the presence of hexadecanoic acid, methyl hexadecanoate, isopropyl palmitate, methyl 9,12-octadecadienate, and methyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The study suggests that Lagenaria siceraria has potential to inhibit pancreatic lipase activity, suppressing lipid digestion and thereby diminishing entry of lipids into the body. Regular intake of aqueous decoction of the fruit may therefore be recommended for control of obesity. Fatty acids and their esters may play role as inhibitors of lipase.
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Objective To explore pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity under different extraction conditions in order to track the most potent extract. Methods The methanolic extract and its fractions in solvents of increasing polarity, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water, were made through cold maceration. Extracts in ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone and chloroform were similarly prepared. Aqueous extract was prepared through hot decoction method. A reported method was used to determine lipase inhibitory activity of extracts and fractions over wide ranges of concentrations. Results The extracts and fractions exhibited concentration dependent activity. The IC
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The study was undertaken to evaluate milk clotting and proteolytic activity of protein fractions of seeds of Lagenaria siceraria. Protein fractions were isolated by the method of differential solubility, and their protein contents were estimated using Bio-Rad protein assay reagent and bovine serum albumin. The effects of pH and temperature on the milk-clotting and proteolytic activity were also evaluated. The isolated protein fractions showed highest milk clotting activity over a broad temperature range of 30-80 ºC and pH range of 3-9. Based upon the observations, milk clotting enzymes present in different fraction of proteins of Lagenaria siceraria are promising candidates for application in industrial scale for production of cheese and might be a potential substitute for commercial animal rennet.
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In this study, we investigated few dietary cucurbits for anticancer activity by monitoring cytotoxic (MTT and LDH assays), apoptotic (caspase-3 and annexin-V assays), and also their anti-inflammatory effects by IL-8 cytokine assay. Aqua-alcoholic (50:50) whole extracts of cucurbits [Lagenaria siceraria (Ls), Luffa cylindrica (Lc) and Cucurbita pepo (Cp)] were evaluated in colon cancer cells (HT-29 and HCT-15) and were compared with isolated biomolecule, cucurbitacin-B (Cbit-B). MTT and LDH assays revealed that the cucurbit extracts and Cbit-B, in a concentration dependent manner, decreased the viability of HT-29 and HCT-15 cells substantially. The viability of lymphocytes was, however, only marginally decreased, yielding a potential advantage over the tumor cells. Caspase-3 assay revealed maximum apoptosis with Ls while annexin V assay demonstrated maximum efficacy of Lc in this context. These cucurbits have also shown decreased secretion of IL-8, thereby revealing their anti-inflammatory capability. The results have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of dietary cucurbits in inhibiting cancer and inflammatory cytokine.
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , /pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cucurbita , Diet , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , HumansABSTRACT
O fruto do porongueiro se destina à fabricação de cuias, utensílios e artesanatos. Em regiões produtoras comerciais de porongo, grande quantidade de frutos e, por conseguinte, de sementes são descartadas durante o processo de produção agrícola e industrialização. Nesse sentido, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a composição centesimal e o perfil dos ácidos graxos presentes nas sementes de porongo com vistas ao seu uso como matéria prima e alimento. Amostras de sementes de plantas de porongo, semeadas em diferentes épocas de semeadura, foram coletadas em um experimento no município de Rondinha - RS, no ano de 2008. Após secagem das sementes, fez-se a separação e determinação da proporção entre cascas e amêndoas. As amêndoas foram submetidas à avaliação do teor de lipídios, cinzas, proteína bruta, fibra bruta e carboidratos. A composição dos ácidos graxos presentes nos lipídios foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa. As sementes apresentaram elevado teor de carboidratos (33,0%), lipídios (37,6%) e proteína (25,2%), sendo que os teores desses componentes não foram afetados pelas épocas de semeadura das plantas. Entretanto, nas plantas semeadas na época mais tardia do ano (terceira época-21/10), elas apresentaram ciclo mais curto (tempo entre semeadura e senescência das plantas, de 149 dias) e frutos cujas amêndoas das sementes apresentaram maior proporção relativa de ácidos graxos insaturados (79,5%). Os ácidos graxos predominantes em ordem decrescente foram ácido linoleico (C18:2, ômega-6), ácido palmítico (C16:0), ácido oleico (C18:1, ômega 9) e ácido esteárico (C18:0). Os resultados da composição centesimal e do perfil dos ácidos graxos sugerem que as sementes de porongo apresentam um potencial alimentício que necessita ser melhor estudado, com vistas à sua exploração.
The fruit of bottlegourd are used for the manufacture of gourd, utensils and handicrafts. Seeds and fruits of bottlegourd are discarded during the manufacturing in producing regions. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the composition and profile of fatty acids in the seeds of bottle gourd with a view to using the seeds as raw material and food. Seeds of bottle gourd, whose plants were seeded in different growing seasons, were collected in an experiment in the city of Rondinha - RS, in 2008. After drying, it was separated and the ratio of peel and seed kernels. The almonds were subjected to assessment of lipid content, ash, crude protein, crude fiber and carbohydrates. The fatty acid composition of lipids present in the almonds was determined by gas chromatography. The seeds had high carbohydrate content (33.0%), lipids (37.6%) and protein (25.2%), but were not affected by seeding date. However, plants seeded later (on October 27th ) had shorter cycle (time between seeding and senescence of plants, 149 days) and almond had a higher relative proportion of fatty unsaturated acids (79.5%). The predominant fatty acids in decreasing order were linoleic acid (C18: 2, omega-6), palmitic acid (C16: 0), oleic (C18: 1, omega-9) and stearic acid (C18: 0). The results of centesimal composition and profile of fatty acids suggest a nutritional potential that needs to be better studied with a view to exploiting the bottle gourd seeds.
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AIM@#The fruits of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. (Cucurbitaceae), a commonly used vegetable, are reported to possess various medicinal properties. In previous studies, the fibrinolytic potential of an ethanolic extract of fruits of Lagenaria siceraria was investigated in comparison with kaempferol isolated from it. The aim of the present study was to explore its mechanistic antithrombotic potential and antiplatelet activity using a wide dose range in different in vitro and in vivo models, and to quantify the total phenolic, flavonoid, and kaempferol contents using a colorimetric method.@*METHOD@#The antithrombotic potential was investigated using tail bleeding time in mice, a plasma recalcification assay, and pulmonary thromboembolism in mice. The antiplatelet activity was studied using an in vitro model to investigate IC50 value.@*RESULTS@#A significant amount of total phenols, flavonoids, and kaempferol was quantified in L. siceraria ethanolic extract. An ethanolic extract of the fruits of L. siceraria showed a significant increase in tail bleeding time and plasma recalcification time, significant protection against ADP induced pulmonary thromboembolism in mice, and also inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by ADP in vitro. The study suggested that the fruits of L. siceraria exhibit significant antithrombotic potential due to inhibition of ADP-mediated platelet aggregation and the involvement of various non-cellular chemical mediators of blood.@*CONCLUSION@#This finding may be helpful in treating the serious consequences of the thrombus formed in blood vessels which include atherothrombotic diseases, such as myocardial or cerebral infarction. So, further investigation should be done for revealing exact mechanism of action behind these types of activities.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Adenosine Diphosphate , Calcium , Blood , Cucurbitaceae , Chemistry , Fibrinolytic Agents , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Fruit , Goats , Kaempferols , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Platelet Aggregation , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Polyphenols , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Pulmonary Embolism , Blood , Drug Therapy , Rats, Wistar , ThrombosisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To conduct a comparative analysis of the phenolic and flavonoid contents and anti-oxidative potential of epicarp and mesocarp of Lagenaria siceraria fruit.@*METHODS@#The dried methanolic extracts of mesocarp and epicarp of the fruit and their hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanolic and aqueous fractions were subjected to antioxidant assays including ferric reducing antioxidant potential, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, reducing power capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, lipid peroxidation inhibitory and phosphomolybdate assays. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined.@*RESULTS@#Ethyl acetate fractions of epicarp and mesocarp had considerable amounts of phenolics (243.50 and 109.50 μg/mL of gallic acid equivalents, respectively). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fractions of both the plant parts showed higher activity than vitamin C with IC50 (0.75 and 3.91 mg, respectively). In phosphormolybdate assay, the hexane fractions of both the parts showed highest activity [1.16 and 2.99 μg/mL of ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) for epicarp and mesocarp, respectively], mesocarp being much potent than epicarp. The n-butanolic fraction of mesocarp also showed much higher activity (1.13 μg/mL AAE) than that of epicarp (0.74 μg/mL AAE), while the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of epicarp were also considerably potent. In ferric reducing antioxidant potential assay, the chloroform fractions of both the fruit parts were most active. The hexane fractions of both the parts showed highest activity in reducing power assay, epicarp being more potent than mesocarp. In 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid assay, the antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions of both the parts were comparable to gallic acid and vitamin C. In lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay, all the samples were moderate to good activity sustainable over the period of 72 h, indicating the presence of both slow and fast releasing antioxidants.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The findings of the study suggest that epicarp is a better source of antioxidants than the mesocarp, and the ethyl acetate fractions of both the parts contain higher contents of antioxidants.
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Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis of the phenolic and flavonoid contents and anti-oxidative potential of epicarp and mesocarp of Lagenaria siceraria fruit. Methods: The dried methanolic extracts of mesocarp and epicarp of the fruit and their hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanolic and aqueous fractions were subjected to antioxidant assays including ferric reducing antioxidant potential, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, reducing power capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, lipid peroxidation inhibitory and phosphomolybdate assays. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined. Results: Ethyl acetate fractions of epicarp and mesocarp had considerable amounts of phenolics (243.50 and 109.50 μg/mL of gallic acid equivalents, respectively). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fractions of both the plant parts showed higher activity than vitamin C with IC
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Background: Anti TB drug induced hepatotoxicity has higher incidence in Indian population [11.5%] than western population [4.5%]. Antitubercular drug induced hepatotoxicity is mediated through oxidative and free radical damage to hepatocytes. Lagenaria siceraria [Bottle Gourd] is reported to have antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Hence in the present study we tested hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of fruit extract of L. Siceraria in anti tubercular drug induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: We administered antitubercular drugs alone and in combination with fruit extract of Lagenaria siceraria (EELS 100mg/kg and EELS 200mg/kg) in healthy albino rats by oral route for 15 days. On 16th day blood collection for biochemical analysis is done by cardiac puncture. Biochemical markers used are serum transaminases (SGPT/SGOT), serum alkaline phosphatase [ALP], total bilirubin, total protein, superoxide dismutase [SOD] and malondialdehyde [MDA]. Liver is dissected for histopathological examinations. Results: Groups that received EELS [100 mg/kg & 200 mg/kg], in combination with anti tubercular drugs, showed significant reduction [p value <0.001] in biochemical parameters for hepatotoxicity [SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Total bilirubin, Total protein] in comparison with group that received anti tubercular drugs alone. Combined treatment of EELS [100 mg/kg & 200 mg/kg] & Anti tubercular drugs showed significant reduction in oxidative stress [SOD & MDA, p<0.001] as compared to anti tubercular drug alone. Histopathological examination of liver showed grade I & grade 0 changes in combination group while grade IV changes in group receiving anti tubercular drugs alone. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria fruit possesses significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity in antitubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity.
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Background: In spite of advances in the present practice of medicine, the formation and growth of calculi continues to trouble mankind, as there is no satisfactory drug to treat kidney stones. In India, many indigenous drugs are in use for the treatment of urinary calculus disease. Objective: The present study was intended to determine anti-urolithiatic effect of Lagenaria siceraria fruit powder (LSFP) against sodium oxalate (NaOx) induced urolithiasis in rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were grouped as Vehicle Group (received vehicle gum acacia 2% w/v 1 mL/kg/p.o.), NaOx Group(Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg,i.p.), LSFP Group (500 mg/kg, p.o. LSFP suspended in gum acacia 2% + Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg), Cystone Group (500 mg/kg, p.o. Cystone suspended in gum acacia 2% + Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg). Result: The increased severity of microscopic calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals deposition along with increased concentration in the kidney was seen after 7 days of NaOx (70 mg/kg, i.p.) pre-treatment. LSFP (500 mg/kg, p.o.) and standard marketed formulation Cystone (500 mg/kg, p.o.) caused a signifi cant reversal of NaOx-induced changes in ion excretion and urinary CaOx concentration in 7 days treatment. Conclusion: From the results, it was concluded that LSFP showed benefi cial effect against urolithiasis by decreasing CaOx excretion and preventing crystal deposition in the kidney tubules.
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Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) standley (LS) (Family: Cucurbitaceae) is an annual herbaceous climbing plant with a long history of traditional medicinal uses in many countries, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Since ancient times the climber has been known for its curative properties, and has been utilized for treatment of various ailments, including jaundice, diabetes, ulcer, piles, colitis, insanity, hypertension, congestive cardiac failure (CCF), and skin diseases. Its fruit pulp is used both as an emetic and purgative, and for its cooling, diuretic, antibilious, and pectoral properties. Boiled in oil this pulp is used to treat rheumatism and insomnia. A wide range of chemical compounds including sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins have been isolated from the species. Its extracts have been found to possess various pharmacological activities. Below, we give a comprehensive review of its ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological profile as a medicinal plant. Particular attention is given to its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, diuretic, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, and antibacterial effects so that its potential uses in pharmaceutics can be better evaluated.
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Em pequenas propriedades rurais, o cultivo tradicional de porongo é ainda frequente em solos declivosos e rasos, resultando na degradação do solo e na baixa produtividade. O trabalho teve por objetivo estudar diferentes densidades e épocas de cultivo para a espécie Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. (porongo), a fim de proporcionar rápida cobertura vegetal do solo, maior produtividade e melhor qualidade de frutos comercializáveis. Três experimentos sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições foram instalados em 15/09/07, 06/10/07 e 27/10/07, no norte do Rio Grande do Sul, em um Latossolo Vermelho preparado sob sistema plantio convencional (SPC). A semeadura foi em covas nas densidades de 1600 e 400 covas ha-1, representados por espaçamentos de 2,5x2,5m e 5x5m (tradicional da região), respectivamente. Foram avaliados o ciclo da cultura, o número e o comprimento das ramas principais aos 60 dias após a emergência (DAE), a cobertura vegetal do solo aos 0, 30, 60, 90 e 150DAE, a qualidade e a produtividade dos frutos. Após análise conjunta dos dados dos experimentos, observou-se que as plantas semeadas em 27/10/07, em ambas as densidades, apresentaram ciclo (150 dias), tamanho de frutos e produtividade menores; porém, sob a densidade de 1600 covas ha-1 (espaçamento de 2,5x2,5m), houve, aos 30DAE, a maior cobertura vegetal do solo (93,7 por cento) em relação às demais épocas. Sob essa densidade, o cultivo em qualquer época estudada apresentou cobertura do solo mais rápida e produtividades de frutos comerciais (cuias) maiores que o cultivo sob densidade tradicional.
In small farms, the traditional cropping system on slope and shallow soils is often common, resulting in soil and water degradation and low productivity. The study aimed to investigate different configuration of cultivations (density and times of sown) of Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. species (bottlegourd), intending to promote faster soil mulching, to increase productivity and to obtain better quality of marketable fruits. Three experiments in completely randomized design with four replicates were installed at 15/09/07, 06/10/07 and 27/10/07 in the northern Rio Grande do Sul in a Red Latosol under conventional tillage system (SPC). The sown was made on holes with 2.5x2.5 and 5.0x5.0m spacing, considered traditional, and with 1,600 and 400 holes ha-1 density, respectively. It was evaluated the crop cycle, the number and length of main stems 60 days after emergence (DAE), the soil mulching at 0, 30, 60, 90 and, 150DAE and, quality and fruit productivity. A joint analysis of data from experiments showed that the plants sown on 27/10/07, in both spacing, showed lower cycle (150 days), fruit size and productivity, but under 1,600 holes ha-1 (2.5x2.5m of sown spacing), there was at 30DAE a faster soil mulching (93.7 percent) than in other sown times. In the same holes density, at any time of sown, it was shown that 2.5x2.5m spacing, reaches the faster soil mulching and higher yield of fruits than those under traditional sown density.
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O objetivo foi desenvolver um protocolo de germinação e propagação in vitro de porongo (Lagenaria siceraria). Foram conduzidos experimentos de desinfestação e germinação de sementes inteiras e sem tegumento. O meio MS suplementado de 30g L-1 de sacarose foi utilizado para a propagação de explantes cotiledonares, ápices caulinares e segmentos nodais. Sementes inteiras de porongo somente germinaram sobre papel germitest. Sementes sem tegumento, desinfestadas pela imersão em álcool 70 por cento por 1min. e em solução de 3 a 4 por cento de hipoclorito de sódio por 10min, germinaram em meio de cultura contendo água destilada e 30g L-1 de sacarose, possibilitando o estabelecimento in vitro plântulas de porongo. Explantes cotiledonares produzem brotações adventícias, e ápices caulinares e segmentos nodais crescem e enraízam em meio MS, sem a adição de reguladores de crescimento. A organogênese direta a partir de explantes cotiledonares associada à regeneração de ápices caulinares e segmentos nodais facilita a propagação in vitro do porongo, o que oferece uma excelente oportunidade para explorar a cultura de tecidos, entre outras aplicações, como ferramenta auxiliar no melhoramento genético desta espécie.
The objective was to develop a protocol of 'in vitro' germination and propagation of bottlegourd (Lagenaria siceraria). Experiments of 'in vitro' disinfestation and germination were carried out with intact seeds and seeds without tegument. Cotyledonary explants, apical and nodal segments were propagated in MS medium, supplemented with 30g L-1 of sucrose. Bottlegourd intact seeds only germinated on germitest paper. Seeds without tegument, disinfected in alcohol 70 percent for 1min. and sodium hypochlorite (3 to 4 percent) for 10min., geminated in a culture medium of distilled water and 30g L-1 of sucrose, making possible the 'in vitro' establishment of bottlegourd seedlings. Cotyledonary explants produce adventitious shoots and apical and nodal segments grow and root in MS medium without growth regulators. Direct organogenesis of cotyledonary explants and regeneration of apical and nodal segments make easy bottlegourd 'in vitro' propagation and offer a good opportunity to use tissue culture as a complementary tool for breeding and genetics or other applications.
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Frutos de porongo - Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl - colhidos de uma lavoura localizada no município de Restinga Seca, RS, foram utilizados para estudar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes de Produção, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com sementes extraídas de 10 frutos grandes, médios e pequenos. Os frutos foram caracterizados pelo comprimento, diâmentro, espessura de casco e pelo número de sementes; e as sementes foram caracterizadas pelo comprimento, largura, espessura e peso de 1000 sementes. Frutos médios armazenados por 60 dias foram utilizados para comparar métodos de extração de sementes. Os métodos estudados foram: fermentação em água por 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120h e imersão em solução de ácido clorídrico (HCl) por 30 min. nas concentrações de 10, 20 e 30 por cento. A testemunha consistiu na retirada manual da placenta aderida às sementes. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada através do teste de germinação, primeira contagem e tempo médio de germinação. Os resultados indicam que o tamanho de fruto de porongo pode ser caracterizado pelo seu comprimento ou diâmetro. Sementes mais leves, devido a sua menor largura e espessura, foram extraídas de frutos de menor tamanho. O HCl não foi eficiente para a extração de sementes de porongo, pois não facilitou a limpeza e afetou, principalmente nas concentações de 20 e 30 por cento, a germinação e o vigor das sementes. Concluiu-se que quanto maior o porongo maior é o número e peso de suas sementes, sem diferença na capacidade de produzir plântulas normais; a limpeza de sementes de porongo através daimersão em solução contendo HCl reduz o vigor; o melhor tempo de fermentação para as sementes de porongo em água à 25°C é as 72h. no entanto o período de 48 a 96h melhora a qualidade fisiológica, atém de facilitar a limpeza; e as sementes de porongo, em condições favoráveis de temperatura, umidade...
Bottie gourd - Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl - the fruits harvested from a farm localed in Restinga Seca county, were used to evaluate seeds in the Seed Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria. The effect of fruit size on seed physiological quality was studied using seeds from ten large, medium and small bottle gourd fruits. Fruits were characterized by the length, the diameter. the shell thickness, and by the number of seeds. The seeds were characterized by the length, the width, the thickness, and the weight of 1000 seeds. Water fermentation during 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours and dipping in HCl solution by 10, 20, and 30 percent during 30 minutes were used to compare methods of extracting seeds from medium bottle gourd fruits stored for 60 days. The manual extraction of seeds was considered as the control treatment. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by the germination and the first counting test and averaging time of germination parameters. Results indicated that the size of botlle gourd fruit can be characterized either by the length or the width. Lighter seeds with smaller width and thickness were extracted from smaller fruits. The treatment with HCl solution specially on 20 and 30 percent concentration was not efficient for the extracting bottle gourd seeds because the cleaning process was more difficult and qffècted negatively seed germination and the vigor. The results show that as the size of the fruits increase the number and weight of seeds also increase without changing the ability to produce normal seedlings. The cleaning process of bottle gourd seeds in HCl solution reduces their vigor. The best period of fermentation of seeds was observed in water at 25°C for 72 hours, however, the period from 48 to 96 hours improved their physiological quality and also facilitated the cleaning process. The bottle gourd seeds germinate in environment with 43.4 percent of humidity and resonable air...