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Objective:This paper tried to have a dialogue with ChatGPT about ethics review, to understand the degree of intelligence of this application in the field of ethical management, and to analyze its possible impact on the future ethics review work.Methods:The research team sorted out 43 questions, then the research team member at abroad accomplish the dialogue with ChatGPT in both Chinese and English. Feedback answers were summarized and analyzed to explore their advantages and problems.Results:Most of the ChatGPT′s answers of this test were reasonable, with obvious advantages in response speed, and the rigor and friendliness were relatively good. However, there were also problems in consistency, comprehensiveness and expertise, the accuracy and computing power also still have a lot of space for improvement.Conclusions:It is too early for AI to replace professionals, but we should fully develop and utilize the advantages of AI to help professionals get rid of inefficient labor and play a better role.
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The passing of ethical review is a necessary conditions and prerequisite for the development of life science and medical research involving humans. At present, some medical and health institutions have no or insufficient ethical review capabilities. The lack of ethical review ability has become a bottleneck restricting the development of life science and medical research involving humans. According to documents such as Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Review and Approval System and Encouraging the Innovation of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices, Opinions on Strengthening the Ethical Governance of Science and Technology, institutions can entrust competent institutional ethics review committees or regional ethics review committees in writing to conduct ethical review. Entrustment ethical review provides a viable solution for institutions that need to carry out life science and medical research involving humans but do not have an ethics (review) committee or the ethics (review) committee is not competent to review. To conduct the entrustment ethical review, the entrustment between the principal and the trustee is required. According to The Measures for Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans, if medical and health institutions and their ethical review committees do not accept the formal entrustment to provide the ethical review opinions for other institutions, the local health authorities at or above the county level will impose administrative penalties and sanctions on the relevant institutions and personnel in accordance with the law. Signing the entrustment ethical review contract, implementing legal compliance entrusted ethical review to protect the rights and interests of the trustee and the principal, and protect the research participants.
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The seventh article of Measures for the Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Humans (2016) stipulated that medical and health institutions without an ethics committee shall not carry out biomedical research involving Humans. The Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Ethics in Science and Technology, issued in March 2022, clearly stated that the institutions that do not meet the conditions for establishing a scientific and technological ethics (review) committee should entrust other institutions to conduct the review. The fourteenth article of Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans (2023) proposes that if an institution, which carries out life science and medical research involving humans, has not established an ethics committee or its ethics committee is not competent for ethics review, it can entrust a competent ethics committee or regional ethics committee in writing to carry out ethical review. Most medical institutions at or above the second level in China have set up ethics committees. While most universities and colleges, scientific research institutions, enterprises and grass-roots medical and health institutions have not set up ethics committees, which lack a working system to protect the safety and interests of the participants, and is difficult to conduct life sciences and medical research involving humans. At present, there is a need for some research institutions that do not have the conditions to establish ethics committees to entrust their projects of life science and medical research involving humans to other institutions for ethical review. The entrusted review is still in the exploratory stage, and there is no relevant specification. The hasty implementation of entrusted review may not achieve the goal of effectively protecting the safety and interests of the participants, and even cause legal disputes. Based on the thematic discussion, with reference to the relevant laws and regulations, departmental rules, ethical standards, and the experience of the ethics committees of some domestic institutions in implementing the entrusted review, the guideline was formulated for the reference of the current entrusted review to ensure the safety and interests of the participants.
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From the perspective of medical institutions, this paper sorted out the background of the promulgation and important changes of Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans, and summarized the changes that may significantly affect the ethical review of medical institutions. It involved terminology changes and expansion of the scope of ethic review, clarification of the responsibilities and independence of the ethics committee, the refinement of the ethical review process, the emphasis on the protection of personal information and the rights and interests of subjects, and first proposal to exempt from ethical review. In addition, based on the concept of strengthening the ethical governance of science and technology in the new version of regulations, this paper shared the consideration on the governance of ethical review within medical institutions, including safeguarding the dignity and rights of subject, clarifying the role and position of ethical review, exempting the implementation of ethical review, and managing entrusted ethical review. With a view to providing a certain reference for the ethics practitioners and researchers in various medical institutions.
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With the progress of life sciences and medicine and the improvement of laws, regulations and rules, to meet the objective needs and further standardize the ethical review of life sciences and medical research involving humans, it is necessary to refer to international ethical standards to integrate with international standards. On February 18, 2023, the National Health Commission, together with the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, issued the Measures for the Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans. The scope of this revision is large, the content is more detailed, and many details and specific requirements are added. It expanded the extent of jurisdiction to include colleges and universities, scientific research institutes and other institutions; the scope of review included the field of life sciences; the ethical review and supervision efficiency problems caused by the requirement of multiple departments coordinated supervision required the cooperation of the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine to strengthen communication and implement supervision. It emphasized the management of conflict of interest, strengthened the protection of privacy and data management, clarified the application of summary procedure review, as well as added the ethical review exemption and the submission of initial review materials, key review content, approval criteria and informed consent content, which improved the operability. It proposed solutions or directions for urgent needs and issues of close concern, allowed commissioned review, strengthened follow-up review, registration and filing, and explored three-level supervision, ethical review collaboration mechanisms, and the construction of regional ethics committees. By continuously improving ethical review and supervision to ensure the safety and rights of research participants, promote the quality of life science and medical research in China, and enhance the international competitiveness of life science and medical research involving humans in China.
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According to the Ethical Review Measures for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans jointly issued by the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2023, to optimize the ethical review process and reduce the burden on clinical researchers, it is proposed that some eligible situations can be "exempted from ethical review". This is a breakthrough progress in China’s ethical review management measures that firstly aimed at "exemption from ethical review". This paper reviewed and sorted out the relevant situations about exemption from review at home and abroad, focused on analyzing and exploring the four situations of exemption from review, especially discussed and analyzed the understanding of anonymization and personal sensitive information in exemption from review, and proposed practical suggestions for the four situations. Based on the actual situation of ethical review work, this paper also explored the establishment of practical standards and processes for exemption from review, providing reference for other medical institutions to implement the exemption from ethical review process.
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In February 2023, the National Health Commission, together with the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Education, and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine issued the Ethical Review Measures for Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans, which emphasizes that research participants involving vulnerable groups such as children, intellectual disabilities, and mental disabilities should be given special protection. This paper expounded the current situation of protecting vulnerable groups from six aspects: inadequate protection of vulnerable groups by relevant laws and regulations, unclear definition of vulnerable groups, insufficient supervision by relevant departments, insufficient review ability of ethics committee to satisfy the protection of vulnerable groups, difficulty in fair inclusion of vulnerable groups, and the need to improve the ethical awareness of researchers and vulnerable groups. This paper also analyzed the new requirements for the protection of vulnerable groups in the Ethical Review Measures for Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans from the following three aspects: expanding attention to potentially vulnerable research participants, paying more attention to the consent of research participants without or with limited capacity for civil conduct, and re-informed consent after the improvement of civil capacity level. Finally, suggestions on strengthening the protection of vulnerable groups were put forward from six aspects: improving the relevant legal system, clarifying the category of vulnerable groups, strengthening the implementation by regulatory departments, establishing a research participant protection system by research institutions, improving the ethical review capacity of ethics committees, formulating review guidelines by industry associations, and strengthening the education and training of all parties, so as to minimize the risk of vulnerable groups participating in clinical research and boost the quality and speed of clinical research in China.
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The integration of " curriculum politics" into the graduate curriculum system is of great significance, and the curriculum reform under the pattern of " big ideology and politics" is constantly promoted. Frontier of life sciences is a compulsory course for biology graduate students in Hunan Normal University. It is committed to popularizing the frontier of biology development. It has rich ideological and political elements and is an excellent carrier to implement ideological and political education in the course. Based on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of curriculum ideological and political teaching, teachers′ initiative in executing curriculum ideological and political teaching can be improved by establishing the concept of ideological and political teaching; performing curriculum ideological and political teaching design, and paying attention to the organic integration of curriculum cutting-edge and ideological and political elements; adopting the ideological and political teaching path of embedded curriculum, improving the ideological and political teaching effect of curriculum and other specific measures to effectuate reform practice, and realize the combination of popularization of cutting-edge knowledge and value guidance. Practice has proved that introducing ideological and political contents into professional courses can improve students′ learning initiative, guide students to establish correct values, and realize the effect of collaborative education of professional courses. Curriculum ideological and political education focuses on the construction, therefore curriculum content design is the prerequisite, teachers are the key, and curriculum management is the basic guarantee. Here we reflect on the practice of curriculum ideological and political education reform, in order to provide a reference for the ideological and political education of relevant biological professional courses.
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The National Life Science Competition for College Students has been held for five times, which has become the largest and most influential life science competition in China. The competition is designed to follow principles of "interest-driven, scientific exploration, process evaluation and ability improvement". The holding of the competition has effectively improved the training quality of life science talents in colleges and universities. This paper summarized the development, organization and management of the competition as well as the organizational characteristics of the competition. It may serve as a guidance for colleges and universities to organize students to participate in the competition, and improve the fostering of talents in the field of life sciences in colleges and universities nationwide.
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Humans , Biological Science Disciplines , Curriculum , Quality of Life , Students , UniversitiesABSTRACT
The cultivation of interdisciplinary talents for life science is still in the state of exploration. The 4I training mode includes four key elements, interdisciplinary course setting, integration of cross project, instruction and administration across whole research and innovational evaluation at the end. Based on the 4I training mode, systematic and targeted design and arrangement would enhance the training level of interdisciplinary talents of life science in universities.
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CRISP R/Cas9 is an emerging gene editing technique, which plays an important role in life science research.It is of great significance to introduce this cutting-edge scientific technique into the experimental teaching for undergraduates.Therefore, we established an undergraduate experiment system based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology.This experiment system focuses on the application of CRISPR/Cas9- mediating gene editing in mammalian cells.An engineered mouse embryonic fibroblast which genome were inserted with fluorescein mCherry gene was selected as the experimental model, and called STO-82.Firstly, sgRNAs targeting mCherry gene were designed to construct CRISPR-Cas9/sgRNA co-expression plasmids.After being confirmed by sequencing, they were transfected into STO-82 cells.Two groups of cells with mCherry negative and positive signals were detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting.Single cells with negative fluorescence were separated and then cultivated to become monoclonal cells.The mutation status of mCherry gene in monoclonal cell lines was detected by sequence analysis.The result showed that there were mutations of insertion or deletion at target sites, indicating that the experimental system was successfully established.Therefore, this comprehensive experiment is comprised of sgRNA design, construction of CRISPR-Cas9/sgRNA co-expression plasmids, cell transfection, cell sorting, monoclonal cell cultivation and sequence analysis.This experiment system is used for experimental teaching for senior undergraduates.Teaching practice can either be decomposed into content modules or be taken as a whole program in light of actual situation.In the teaching practice at 3 classes (13 groups in total, two students every group), which adopted the model of small-class teaching (about 10 students per class), the majority completed the content modules and the expected outcomes were achieved.Through the design and teaching practice of this experiment system, the students acquire a deeper understanding for the principle and experimental procedure of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, an enhanced experimental ability and rigorous scientific thinking and also some knowledge in the risk of its medical application.
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As an important part of college education, quality education curriculum is an essential sector for ideological education. The quality education curriculum "Introduction to Life Science" is a demonstration course of ideological education in Beijing University of Chemical Technology. The teacher actively merged the ideological elements with the course and created 18 teaching cases, which were integrated into classroom teaching through the BOPPPS teaching model. Using this approach, both the curriculum knowledge and the ideological value were given to students, which further boosted their interests to the course. This article introduces the overall idea, process of reform and implementation of this initiative.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Science Disciplines , Curriculum , Students , UniversitiesABSTRACT
The Chinese national college students' life science competition has been held for three times, with good organization, large scale and high participation degree. The competition plays an important role in promoting life science education and research. This paper reports the form and status of the competition, statistically analyses the registration data and competition results by region and year, based on the previous three competitions. By combining new changes and understanding in the field of life science, we also indicate prospects on how to better promote the competition.
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Humans , Biological Science Disciplines , Data Analysis , StudentsABSTRACT
Acupuncture is the leading discipline of traditional Chinese medicine and undertakes the communication between traditional Chinese medicine and other natural sciences. With the rapid development of life science and technology and the exponential growth of knowledge, traditional acupuncture faces significant opportunities and challenges. In the context of great development of life sciences, we have re-recognized acupuncture, and we believe that acupuncture effects have corresponding material basis and regulatory mechanisms. The full embodiment of life science in the definition of acupuncture will contribute to the synergetic development of clinical and basic acupuncture research. In this paper, we discussed the value of acupuncture in life science based on the concepts of acupuncture and material basis of acupuncture effects.
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After the indexes of article count, fraction count, weighted fraction count, and domestic and interna-tional collaboration ratio were calculated using the 2014 nature index of life science issued by British Nature Pub-lishing Group as the data source, the 2014 scientific research outputs in life science of some domestic colleges and universities were analyzed with certain suggestions put forward for reducing the gap in scientific research strength between China and USA.
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The factors influencing public access to life science information were analyzed from its scope, cost, chan-nels, mechanisms and laws with suggestions put forward for the access to life science information without any barrier.
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Experimental course for integrative life science curriculum is designed for medical students ,which integrates basic knowledge and skills of cellular biology,biochemistry,genetics,molec-ular biology,molecular genetics,and immunology disciplines. Tongji University School of Medicine start-ed to implement integration-based new curriculum system since 2010. This article discussed on teaching philosophy,teaching content,teaching methods,teaching team construction and explored the effect and significance of experimental course for integrative life science curriculum.
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This study analyzed the average annual growth rate of Youth Science Fund projects and the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar in 11 colleges and universities.Those projects were funded by the department of life science of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in 2001- 2009.The average annual growth rate was calculated by Algebraic average method.The results showed that:① the average annual growth rate of Youth Science Fund project rose or dropped with the rise or drop of average annual growth rate of Science Fund Project.② the rapid growth of Youth Science Fund projects may enhance the ability of colleges and universities to gain National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar.③ the capability of colleges and universities to gain life science project funded by NSFC is not balanced among different regions,and this gap is widening,and ④ to narrow the gap between disciplines,greater effort is needed to train outstanding young scholars.
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As a gray and dynamic system,the life science frontier always exists in a dynamic status or alteration with research hotspots.By analyzing and defining the life science frontier,the author brought forward seven representatives of lire science frontier.which at present include genomics and system biology et al.In the meantime,the characteristics of seven frontiers and its significance for the scientific research management were analyzed with the scientific systemic theory.
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The launch of Expedition 1 to the International Space Station (ISS) opened a new era in the history of human space flight, so far fourteen Expeditions had been achieved. But the astronauts were exposed to abnormal environment such as microgravity, radiation, isolation, confinement, and misalignment of circadian rhythm during space flight. In order to reduce health risks incurred by living in space, the 59 projects have been or will be studied aboard ISS. Those researches has elucidated the rate of subregional bone loss and its recovery, characteristics of atrophy and reduced contraction function in antigravity skeletal muscle, decrease in spinal cord excitability, and relationship between reduced immune function and reactivation of some viruses. The psychological and behavior changes in a prolonged isolation and confinement condition, as well as the fast circadian rhythm inducing sleep disruption has been observed. It has been found exposure to radiation not only causing cataracts and cancers, but also damaging the reproductive organs and nervous system, and inducing genetic damage. The efficacy of countermeasures of medicine, nutrition and vibration have been validated aboard the ISS. The effective countermeasures on different systems were checked further. All of those studies and observations have made a solid foundation for developing novel countermeasures which will be more effective.