ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Processing of particles in a moving bed, such as a fluidized bed or a spouting bed, is commonly used in the operations of drying, coating, and granulation of particulate systems. This process has applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical and, presently, agronomical industries, especially for seed treatment/coating. This research aimed to analyze the fluid-dynamic behavior of fluidized and spouting beds with different air temperatures and loads of flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.), with estimates of the fluid-dynamic parameters correlated to each process. The parameters were compared with the values obtained from classical correlations in the literature, with indications of associated percentages of deviation. Influence of fluid dynamics on the physiological quality of seeds was assessed by germination tests and the germination speed index. An analysis of the results indicated that seed processing was adequate for processing in dynamically active beds; however, temperatures above 50ºC in both beds caused significant reductions in the physiological quality of the seeds. Processing in a fluidized bed presented a smaller reduction of the physiological properties of the flaxseed.
RESUMO: O processamento de partículas em leitos móveis, como o leito fluidizado e o leito de jorro, são comumente empregados em secagem, recobrimento e granulação de sistemas particulados, com aplicações nas indústrias química, farmacêutica, e atualmente na agronômica, em especial no tratamento/revestimento de sementes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento fluidodinâmico, em leito fluidizado e jorro, das sementes de linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.), para diferentes cargas de sementes. Obter as curvas fluidodinâmicas dos leitos: fluidizado e de jorro, estimando os parâmetros fluidodinâmicos correlacionados a cada processo. No leito fluidizado foram determinados: a velocidade de mínima fluidização, queda de pressão na máxima e mínima fluidização, expansão do leito e, porosidade de mínima fluidização e, para o leito de jorro, foram estimados a velocidade de mínimo jorro, queda de pressão máxima e queda de pressão no mínimo jorro. Estes parâmetros foram comparados com os valores obtidos de correlações clássicas da literatura, sendo observados baixos desvios percentuais para os mesmos. Avaliou-se a influência da fluidodinâmica sobre a qualidade fisiológica das sementes através dos testes da germinação e do índice de velocidade de germinação.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the chemical constituents and activities of Linum usitatissimum L.aboveground. Meth-ods The chemical constituents were separated through silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20,and semi-preparative RP-HPLC chroma-tography and identified by optical rotation and spectroscopic analysis. All of the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities by the luciferase assay. Results Eight dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans were separated from L. usitatissimum and identified as(-)-hinoki-nin(1),(-)-bursehernin(2),(-)-dimethylmatairesinol(3),(-)-yatein(4),(-)-thujaplicatin trimethyl ether(5),nemerosin (6),(+)-E-7,8-dehydromatairesinol dimethyl ether(7),and E-7,8-dehydrothujaplicatin trimethyl ether(8),respectively. Conclu-sion Compounds 7 and 8 were isolated from L. usitatissimum for the first time,and NMR spectral data of compound 8 were reported for the first time. Compounds 1 and 3 showed moderate inhibitory activities on IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway with IC50 values of 42.12 and 43.43μmol/L,respectively.
ABSTRACT
This work aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of seeds flavonoids extract of Cedrusatlantica Manetti (Pinaceae), Linum usitatissimum L. (Linaceae) and Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) species by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) method. In DPPH scavenging assay the IC50value of the extract was found to be respectively 0.40, 1.21 and 0.41 mg.ml-1while to the IC50 value of the reference standard Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was 0.003 mg.ml-1. The seeds flavonoids extract of C. atlantica Manetti had a strong scavenger power of free radicals. This study suggests that the mean species may act as a providing antioxidant properties and offering effective protection from free radicals. Then, it’s necessary to identify and isolate the compounds that are responsible to the antioxidant activity.
ABSTRACT
The individual and interactive effects of supplemental UV-B (sUV-B) (ambient + 7.2 kJ m-2 d-1) and elevated O3 (ambient + 10 ppb) were evaluated under field conditions using open top chambers on two cultivars, Padmini and T-397 of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Mean monthly surface level of O3 concentrations varied from 27.7 ppb to 59.0 ppb during the experimental period. Both UV-B and O3 induced the production of ROS (H2O2 and O2.-), resulting in significant damage of membranes due to lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Synthesis of secondary metabolites (flavonoids, anthocyanin, lignin and wax) was also enhanced in all the treatments, whereas biomass and yield were reduced. Alterations in frequency of stomata and wax distribution were also observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cultivar Padmini was found to be more sensitive because of higher damage of membrane vis-a-vis reduction in biomass and seed yield. However, concentrations of flavonoids, anthocyanin, lignin and wax were higher in T-397, suggesting its relative resistance against applied stress. Combined exposure of sUV-B and O3 was less harmful, as compared to their individual treatment. Among the three treatments, O3 was found to be more detrimental for overall growth and sUV-B for economic yield.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects , Adaptation, Physiological/radiation effects , Anthocyanins/metabolism , Biomass , Flax/drug effects , Flax/metabolism , Flax/physiology , Flax/radiation effects , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Lignin/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Lipid Peroxidation/radiation effects , Ozone/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/drug effects , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Plant Leaves/radiation effects , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Stress, Physiological/drug effects , Stress, Physiological/radiation effects , Superoxides/metabolism , Surface Properties , Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects , Waxes/metabolismABSTRACT
Antifungal activity of the oils extracts of Citrullus colocynthis L., Linum usitatissimum L., Nigella sativa L. collected from Bechar Department in the region of (Algeria) has been evaluated in this present study. Two methods were used in this investigation: radial growth on solid medium and biomass on liquid medium. The oils extracts were obtained by Soxhlet extraction of the seeds part. The values of physicochemical indices of our oils such as acid, acidity and peroxide were also determined. The results of the antifungal potency revealed that the seeds oils exhibited different degrees of inhibition against Aspergillus flavus MTTC 2799. However, evaluation of radial growth on Potatoes Dextrose Agar (PDA) solid medium showed slight mycelial growth proportional to oil concentration added to the medium. Antifungal indices investigation allowed as to put our oils in the order of effectiveness: L. usitatissimum (29%) > C. colocynthis (26.5 %) > N. sativa (18.75 %). Evaluation of Aspergillus flavus biomass production on Potatoes Dextrose Broth (PDB) on liquid medium revealed that the studied oils produced a variable weight reduction (C. colocynthis and L. usitatissimum at concentration superior to (80μl/ml). On the contrary, N. sativa oil reduced Aspergillus flavus biomass at concentrations of 80μl/ml and 100μl/ml.
ABSTRACT
Nasal drug delivery systems prepared from natural materials are gaining importance in the field of pharmaceutical technology. Mucilage isolated from Linum usitatissimum L. (LUM) seeds was reported to be an effective natural mucoadhesive agent. The present study deals with a comparison of various characteristics of nasal gels containing midazolam hydrochloride (HCl) prepared from mucoadhesive agent extracted from Linum usitatissimum L. seeds and synthetic polymers like HPMC and Carbopol 934P in terms of texture profile analysis, mucoadhesive strength, and in vivo drug absorption profiles. It was observed that gels formulated with the natural mucilage showed better results than the synthetic gels in all aspects like hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and mucoadhesive strength. The absolute bioavailability of midazolam hydrochloride from the natural gel was 97.55 percent whereas that of synthetic gels was 57.33 percent and 76.81 percent respectively.
Sistemas de liberação nasal preparados com produtos naturais estão ganhando importância no campo da tecnologia farmacêutica. A mucilagem isolada de sementes de Linum usitatissimum L. (LUM) mostrou-se agente mucoadesivo eficaz. O presente estudo trata da comparação de várias características de géis nasais contendo cloridrato de midazolam preparados com agente mucoadesivo extraído das sementes de Linum usitatissimum L. e com polímeros sintéticos, como HPMC e Carbopol 943P, com relação ao perfil de textura, força mucoadesiva e perfis de absorção do fármaco in vivo. Observou-se que os géis formulados com mucilagem natural apresentam melhores resultados do que os sintéticos em todos os aspectos, como dureza, adesão, coesão e força mucoadesiva. A biodisponibilidade absoluta do cloridrato de midazolam a partir do gel natural foi de 97,55 por cento, enquanto que nos géis sintéticos foi de 57,33 por cento e 76,81 por cento, respectivamente.