Liver-protectant and cardiovascular-protectant effects of Nigella sativa: a meta-analysis / 数字中医药（英文）

@#【Objective】  A significant amount of evidence has lately revealed that individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are at high risk of cardiovascular diseases, which is the primary cause of death in patients. This study is to evaluate liver- and cardiovascular-protectant effects of Nigella sativa (N. sativa). 【Methods】  The meta-analysis was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature review was conducted in June 2022 with papers retrieved from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library websites from January 2010 to December 2021. The Review Manager version 5.3 was applied for the statistical analysis of parameters like aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, lipid profil, blood glucose level, weight, and body mass index (BMI). 【Results】  The results showed that N. sativa could significantly decrease the AST (P = 0.009) and ALT (P < 0.05) levels in research subjects. Subjects in the N. sativa group had a significant higher cure rate of fatty liver than those in the placebo group (P = 0.000 1). In addition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose of subjects all significantly reduced in the N.sativa group (P < 0.05). However, the comparison of body weight and BMI between the N.sativa group and placebo group did not show significant difference (P > 0.05). 【Conclusion】 N. sativa did have certain liver-protectant and cardiovascular-protectant effects on patients with NAFLD or chronic liver diseases (CLD), despite the insignificant comparison of body weight and BMI between the N. sativa group and the placebo group.

Serum liver enzyme profile in Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) with fascioliasis in Indonesia

@#Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) at Surabaya zoo, Indonesia, that were found to be naturally infected with Fasciola, showed elevated level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Of a total of 75 deer examined, 12 (25%) of the 47 adult deer and 8 (29%) of the 28 juvenile deer were found to be infected with fascioliasis, as evidenced by the shedding of the parasite eggs. The level of ALT, AST and ALP were significantly elevated (p<0.05) in all the infected deer. Only Fasciolainfected deer showed elevated serum liver enzyme. Deer with elevated enzyme level show a trend that positively correspond with higher Egg per gram of feces (EPG). The average size of the parasite eggs at 169.0±11.1 × 96.0±3.5μm, correspond well with that of Fasciola gigantica. No other trematode eggs were observed besides that of F. gigantica. There was no significant difference in the enzyme profile between the two sexes in both the infected and the uninfected group. This is the first report of the elevation of serum liver enzyme in Timor deer that is associated with not only fascioliasis and also correspond positively with the EPG.

Study of liver enzyme variation in children with dengue fever

Background: Dengue fever continues to be one of the major public health problems in large parts of the world, with an estimated 50 million dengue infections occurring annually. Liver enzyme variation is commonly seen in patients with dengue fever. This study was undertaken to assess the pattern of liver enzyme variation in children with dengue fever and to correlate it with the severity of this disease.Methods: Observational, descriptive hospital-based study involving 100 children who were serologically positive for dengue fever. The cases were classified as Mild, Moderate and Severe Dengue based on National Guidelines of clinical management of Dengue fever, 2015 and severity was assessed in each category. The study assessed the variability of liver enzymes in these children.Results: Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) was elevated in 56 cases whereas Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) was elevated in 44 cases. The elevation in liver enzymes in mild cases was 52%, moderate cases was 75% and severe cases was 100%. In cases presenting on day 1 of fever, enzymes were elevated in 0%, on day 2 in 20%, on day 3 in 38%, on day 4 in 51%, on day 5 in 90% and on day 6 in 88%.Conclusions: Liver Enzyme (AST and ALT) elevation in Dengue is a common feature. AST elevation was more common than ALT. Highest elevation in liver enzymes were observed on 5th and 6th day of fever. Liver enzyme elevation was more commonly seen in moderate and severe cases.

The Effect of Raised Liver Enzyme in Pregnancy

Objective: The aim of this study is to detect the effect of raisedliver enzyme in pregnancy.Methods: A retrospective data analysis was performed on 100patients with abnormal liver dysfunction admitted in theobstetric unit of hospital were studied prospectively and whowere willing to participate and provide required information atAkij Ad-Din Medical College and Hospital, Khulna during theperiod 2017 to 2019.Results: 72.5% were un-booked, of low parity and belonged tolower socio-economic status; 87.5 % of pregnant womenpresented in third trimester of pregnancy. The most commonpresenting complaint was oedema (25%) followed by yellowdiscoloration of urine and visual symptoms with headache.16.75% women had liver disorder which were not specific topregnancy and consisted of infective hepatitis, malaria andsickle cell disease, whereas 83.25 % women had pregnancyspecific liver dysfunction. 37% patients had abortion followedby 15% had hepatic abscess, 14% had acute renal failure.Conclusion: From our study we can conclude that, Abnormalliver functioning enzyme is greatly affected in women duringpregnancy. If a systematic approach is adopted, the cause isoften apparent. Early and timely join care by the obstetric andmedical team can bring the best results in this so far grimsituation in the developing world.

Biochemical effects and safety of Gum arabic (Acacia Senegal) supplementation in patients with sickle cell anemia

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary chronic hemolytic anemia with several clinical consequences. Intravascular sickling of red blood cells leads to multi-organ dysfunction. Moreover, several biochemical abnormalities have been associated with SCA. Gum arabic (GA) is an edible dried gummy exudate obtained from Acacia Senegal tree. GA showed antioxidant and cytoprotective activities and demonstrated protection against hepatic, renal, and cardiac toxicities in experimental rats. We hypothesized that regular intake of GA improves renal and liver functions in patients with SCA. METHODS: Forty-seven patients (5–42 yr) carrying hemoglobin SS were recruited. The patients received 30 g/day GA for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected before administering GA and then after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Liver enzymes, total protein, albumin, electrolytes, urea, creatinine, and uric acid were determined in the serum. The study was approved by the Al Neelain University Institutional Review Board and Research Ethics Committee Ministry of Health. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02467257). RESULTS: GA significantly decreased direct bilirubin level [statistical significance (P-value)=0.04]. It also significantly decreased serum alanine transaminase level after 4 weeks, which was sustained till the 8th week. GA, however, had no effect on serum aspartate transaminase level. In terms of renal function, GA decreased serum urea level but the effect was not sustained after the first month. CONCLUSION: GA may alter the disease severity in SCA as demonstrated by its ability to decrease direct bilirubin and urea levels in the serum.

Pharmacokinetics of active ingredients of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid in rats and effect on liver drug-metabolizing enzymes / 中国中药杂志

This study is aimed to establish a method for the determination of baicalin,baicalin and purpurin in the plasma of rats after oral administration of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid( PDL) by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry( LC-MS),analyze the pharmacokinetics of three components in rats,and investigate the effects of PDL on drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. C18 column was used for liquid chromatography separation,with acetonitrile-water( containing 0. 2% formic acid) as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The mass spectrometry was detected by electrospray ion source( ESI) under multi-reaction monitoring mode( MRM),as well as positive and negative ion alternating mode. Plasma sample collection was performed by using an automatic blood collection meter for small animals. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Win Nonlin software. The total protein concentration of rat liver microsomes and the total enzyme content of CYP450 were determined by BCA method and spectrophotometry respectively. The methodological study in terms of linear range,recovery rate,precision and sample stability,was used to confirm that the LC-MS analysis method established in this experiment was simple,exclusive,accurate and reliable,and can meet the requirement of determining the content of baicalin,oroxindin and corynoline in plasma after PDL administration in rats. The drug-time curve showed that baicalin and oroxindin had a bimodal phenomenon,and the pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that baicalin,oroxindin and corynoline in PDL had certain drug-like properties. After 7 consecutive days of PDL administration,the rat liver coefficient,total liver microparticle protein and CYP450 enzyme content were increased,but there was no significant difference,indicating that PDL was less likely to develop drug-drug interaction based on CYP enzyme. The results of this experiment can provide reference for the research on in vivo efficacy and drug interaction of PDL as well as on its clinical application.

Clinical Observation of Bicyclol Combined with Ganciclovir in the Treatment of Infantile Cytomegaloirus Hepatitis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effectiveness and safety of bicyclol combined with ganciclovir in the treatment of infan-tile cytomegaloirus hepatitis. METHODS:One hundred and twenty children with cytomegaloirus hepatitis in department of pediatrics of our hospital during May 2012-Aug. 2015 were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to random number table,with 60 cases in each group. Both groups received conventional treatment such as protecting liver,vitamin C,vitamin K and Compound glycyrrhizin injection 20 mL,ivgtt,qd. Control group additionally received Ganciclovir injection(induction period:5 mg/kg,q12 h,dripping time >1 h,for 7 d;maintenance period:5 mg/kg,q24 h,for 7 d);observation group was additionally giv-en Bicyclol tablet 0.5 mg/kg,bid,on the basis of control group. Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were observed as well as liver enzyme level,jaundice level before and after treatment. The rate of negative CMV and the occurrence of ADR were compared. RESULTS:Clinical total response rate of observation group was 93.3%,which was significantly higher than 80.0% of control group,with statisti-cal significance(P0.05). After treatment,liver enzyme level and jaundice level of 2 groups were decreased significantly,and observation group was significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Bicyclol combined with ganci-clovir shows significant therapeutic efficacy for infantile cytomegaloirus hepatitis,and can effectively reduce the levels of liver en-zymes,eliminate jaundice,protect liver function,promote virus clearance with good safety.

An analysis of the changes of serum lipid and liver enzyme content in patients with primary hypothyroidism before and after treatment / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To observe the changes of serum lipid and liver enzyme after levothyroxine sodium treatment in patients with primary hypothyroidism.Methods Data from 104 patients with primary hypothyroidism together with increased serum lipid and liver enzyme were collected from August 2006 to November 2015.The date were compared of the changes of thyroid three triiodothyronine (T3),thyroxine (T4),free three triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine thyroid (FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),total cholesterol (TC),glycerol triester (TG),high density lipoprotein (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein (LDL-C),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) before the levothyroxine sodium treatment and after three month of the treatment.Results After three months of levothyroxine sodium treatment,thyroid function (T3,T4,FT3,FT4,TSH) gradually returned to normal levels [(2.02 ± 0.40) vs (0.96 ± 0.24) nmol/L,(95.76 ± 15.23) vs (24.31 ± 9.99) nmol/L,(4.79 ± 0.58) vs (1.96 ±0.57) pmol/L (15.15 ± 1.77) vs (4.70 ± 1.57) pmol/L,(3.05 ± 1.00) vs (82.41 ± 17.18) mU/L,t =-23.57,-44.13,-34.03,-46.48,48.07,P ＜ 0.01],TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,AST apparently decreased [(4.30 ± 0.67) vs (7.54 ± 1.26) mmol/L,(2.05 ± 0.34) vs (2.14 ± 0.47) mmol/L,(2.35 ± 0.49) vs (4.28 ± 0.88) mmol/L,(23.31 ±3.92) vs (46.27 ± 0.98)U/L,(26.63 ± 4.64) vs (55.33 ± 11.99) U/L,t =33.68,4.24,24.87,29.36,33.83,P ＜0.01],the decrease was less obvious than before treatment in HDL-C [(1.62 ± 0.36) vs (1.63-± 0.38) mmol/L,t =1.49,P ＞ 0.05].Conclusion Levothyroxine sodium treatment in patients with hypothyroidism can effectively reduce blood lipid and liver enzyme content.

An analysis of the changes of serum lipid and liver enzyme content in patients with primary hypothyroidism before and after treatment / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To observe the changes of serum lipid and liver enzyme after levothyroxine sodium treatment in patients with primary hypothyroidism.Methods Data from 104 patients with primary hypothyroidism together with increased serum lipid and liver enzyme were collected from August 2006 to November 2015.The date were compared of the changes of thyroid three triiodothyronine (T3),thyroxine (T4),free three triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine thyroid (FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),total cholesterol (TC),glycerol triester (TG),high density lipoprotein (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein (LDL-C),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) before the levothyroxine sodium treatment and after three month of the treatment.Results After three months of levothyroxine sodium treatment,thyroid function (T3,T4,FT3,FT4,TSH) gradually returned to normal levels [(2.02 ± 0.40) vs (0.96 ± 0.24) nmol/L,(95.76 ± 15.23) vs (24.31 ± 9.99) nmol/L,(4.79 ± 0.58) vs (1.96 ±0.57) pmol/L (15.15 ± 1.77) vs (4.70 ± 1.57) pmol/L,(3.05 ± 1.00) vs (82.41 ± 17.18) mU/L,t =-23.57,-44.13,-34.03,-46.48,48.07,P ＜ 0.01],TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,AST apparently decreased [(4.30 ± 0.67) vs (7.54 ± 1.26) mmol/L,(2.05 ± 0.34) vs (2.14 ± 0.47) mmol/L,(2.35 ± 0.49) vs (4.28 ± 0.88) mmol/L,(23.31 ±3.92) vs (46.27 ± 0.98)U/L,(26.63 ± 4.64) vs (55.33 ± 11.99) U/L,t =33.68,4.24,24.87,29.36,33.83,P ＜0.01],the decrease was less obvious than before treatment in HDL-C [(1.62 ± 0.36) vs (1.63-± 0.38) mmol/L,t =1.49,P ＞ 0.05].Conclusion Levothyroxine sodium treatment in patients with hypothyroidism can effectively reduce blood lipid and liver enzyme content.

Effect of a novel oral active iron chelator: 1-(N-acetyl-6-aminohexyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridin-4-one (CM1) in iron-overloaded and non-overloaded mice

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate efficacy and toxicity of a novel orally active bidentate iron chelator, 1-(N-acetyl-6-aminohexyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridin-4-one (CM1) in mice under normal and iron overload conditions.@*METHODS@#Wild type C57BL/6 mice were fed with normal and 0.2% (w/w) ferrocene-supplemented (Fe) diets, respectively for 240 d and orally given the CM1 (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) for 180 d. Blood iron profiles, hematological indices, liver enzymes and histopathology were determined.@*RESULTS@#CM1 treatment lowered plasma levels of labile plasma iron and non-transferrin bound iron, but not ferritin in the Fe-fed mice. However, the treatment did not impact blood hemoglobin level, white blood cell and platelet numbers in both normal diet and Fe diet-fed mice. Interestingly, CM1 treatment did not markedly elevate plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the normal diet-fed mice but it tended to increase the levels of the liver enzymes slightly in the Fe-fed mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining result showed no abnormal pathological changes in heart, liver and spleen tissues.@*CONCLUSIONS@#It is clear that CM1 would not be toxic to bone marrow and liver cells under normal and iron-overload conditions.

Effect of a novel oral active iron chelator: 1-(N-acetyl-6-aminohexyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridin-4-one (CM1) in iron-overloaded and non-overloaded mice

Objective: To evaluate efficacy and toxicity of a novel orally active bidentate iron chelator, 1-(N-acetyl-6-aminohexyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridin-4-one (CM1) in mice under normal and iron overload conditions. Methods: Wild type C57BL/6 mice were fed with normal and 0.2% (w/w) ferrocene-supplemented (Fe) diets, respectively for 240 d and orally given the CM1 (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) for 180 d. Blood iron profiles, hematological indices, liver enzymes and histopathology were determined. Results: CM1 treatment lowered plasma levels of labile plasma iron and non-transferrin bound iron, but not ferritin in the Fe-fed mice. However, the treatment did not impact blood hemoglobin level, white blood cell and platelet numbers in both normal diet and Fe diet-fed mice. Interestingly, CM1 treatment did not markedly elevate plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the normal diet-fed mice but it tended to increase the levels of the liver enzymes slightly in the Fe-fed mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining result showed no abnormal pathological changes in heart, liver and spleen tissues. Conclusions: It is clear that CM1 would not be toxic to bone marrow and liver cells under normal and iron-overload conditions.

Effects of Ethyl acetate and n-Butanol Fractions of Acacia nilotica methanol Leaves Extract on Lipid profile and Liver Enzyme of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar rats.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Acacia nilotica methanol leaves extract on lipid profile and liver enzyme on alloxan induced diabetic rats. 30 Wistar rats of both sexes were used for the study. The rats were divided into six groups with five rats in each group. The diabetic rats were treated with n- butanol and ethyl acetate for a period of 12 days. After which the animals were sacrificed and blood serum sample were taken from all the groups for the assessment of lipid profiles and liver enzymes. As regards to the lipid profile there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the triglyceride and cholesterol level in ethyl acetate treated group with 50 and 100 mg/kg , while, there was also a significant increase in the levels of high density lipoprotein when compared with the control untreated group. Also there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in ALT, AST and ALP levels in ethyl acetate fraction treated group with 50 and 100 mg/kg when compared with the control untreated group. In relation to the n-butanol fraction at the two doses tested 100 and 200 mg/kg there was no significant change in the levels of triglyceride when compared with the control untreated. However there was decrease in the levels of cholesterol (p<0.05) and a significant increase in the levels of high density lipoprotein when compared with the control untreated. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of ALT, AST while there was no significant change in the level of ALP treated with the n-butanol fraction when compared with the control untreated group. The phytochemical screening revealed the presences of saponin, flavonoid, tannin and alkaloid. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the ethyl acetate in mice was calculated to be 471.2 mg/kg b.w and n-butanol is 774.5 mg/kg b.w. This results suggest that the Ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of methanol leaves extract of Acacia nilotica has anti-hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effect on alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Liver Enzymes in Korean Children

Liver enzyme elevations, as an indicator of liver function, are widely associated with metabolic diseases. Genome-wide population-based association studies have identified a genetic susceptibility to liver enzyme elevations and their related traits; however, the genetic architecture in childhood remains largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study to identify new genetic loci for liver enzyme levels in a Korean childhood cohort (n = 484). We observed three novel loci (rs4949718, rs80311637, and rs596406) that were multiply associated with elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. Although there are some limitations, including genetic power, additional replication and functional characterization will support the clarity on the genetic contribution that the ST6GALNAC3, ADAMTS9, and CELF2 genes have in childhood liver function.

Progress on the metabolism of antiepileptic drugs by human hepatic CYP3A4 enzymes / 国际儿科学杂志

Epilepsy is a common disease in nervous system.Most antiepileptic drugs are metabolized by liver enzymes.such as cytochrome P450 enzyme.CYP3A4 iS the most important enzyme in P450 family.involved in the metabolism of about 40%～60% of the drugs use for clinic.It also has a close relationship with the metabolism of antiepileptie drugs.This review summarizes the general characteristic of CYP3A4 and itsrelationship with the metabolism of antiepileptic drugs.

Comparisons of Propofol, Enflurane, Sevoflurane, and Desflurane Anesthesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy on Postoperative Liver Enzyme Levels / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Many factors cause postoperative hepatic dysfunction, and anesthetic agents and type of surgery are belived to contribute to hepatic dysfunction. The authors planned this study to evaluate the effect of different anesthetic agents (sevoflurane, desflurane, enflurane or propofol) on liver enzymes in the patients who undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: 80 patients were randomly selected from among those who had undergone cholecystectomy and divided into 4 groups; an enflurane group (n = 20), a sevoflurane group (n = 20), a desflurane group (n = 20) and a propofol group (n = 20). Preoperative values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were compared with those on postoperative days 1 and 3 in all groups. RESULTS: In all groups, ALT and AST were significantly elevated after operation, and then showed a decrease 3 days after operation, but remainrd of above preoperative levels (P < 0.05). However, no differences were observed between the 4 groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We consider that propofol, sevoflurane, desflurane and enflurane are equally usable and that they have little effect on liver function after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Clozapine-Induced Acute Hepatitis / 신경정신의학

The authors report two cases of clozapine-induced acute hepatitis. Two patients developed asymptomatic hepatitis and got better with conservative care. We decreased the dosage of clozapine and added hepatic protectors, resulting in normalized laboratory findings. The authors also reviewed side effects of clozapine in this report. We reviewed the suggested mechanism of either clozapine or chlorpromazine-induced hepatitis. Clozapine influences the liver cell via cytochrome P 450 and chlorpromazine does so via mild cholestasis. There may be a possibility that a patient who has experienced drug-induced hepatitis is vulnerable to clozapine-induced acute hepatitis. In this respect, those who have experienced drug-induced hepatitis must be observed more closely.

Changes of Serum Lipid Concentration and Serum Liver Enzyme Levels During Etretinate Treatment in Patients with Psoriasis / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Oral etretinate treatment is associated with the changes in serum lipid concentration and the elevation of serum liver enzymes. In Korea, chronic degenerative diseases like diabetes and hypertension are increasing and the prevalences of HBsAg and chronic liver diseases are much higher than those in western countries. Therefore these changes in serum lipids and liver enzymes during etretinate treatrment are important in Korea as risk factors for atherosclerosis and aggravation of preexisting liver diseases. OBJECTIVE: We tried to observe the sequential pattern, frequency, severity, and relationship between pretreatment value and posttreatment values in the changes of serum lipids and liver enzymes in patients with psoriasis luring etretinate treatment. METHODS: Fourty-one patients with psoriasis were studied during etretinate treatment with the starting dose of 0.5-1.0mg/kg/day. The levels of serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and sGOT, sGPT was repeatedly determined until the 16th week of etretinate treatment. RESULTS: l. In serum triglyceride and cholesterol, the average of concentrations in each treatment period was usually higher than pretreatment value during the 16 weeks of treatment, but no sequential pattern of changes was observed 2. The number of patients with the maximum of posttreatment values higher than the normal limit were 12(29.3%) in triglyce side, 6(14.6%) in cholesterol, 0 in sGOT, and 5(12.5%) in sGPT. The number of patients with the minimum of posttreatment values lower than the normal limit were 15(36.6%) in HDL-cholesterol. 3. In serum cholesterol, patients with an abnormal pretreatment value are more prone to elevation above the normal limit duriing etretinate treatment than patients with a normal pretreatment value. CONCLUSION: In patients with psoriasis the increases in serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, sGOT, sGPT and the decrease in HDL-cholesterol were occurred frequently during etretinate treatment. Therefore monitoring of serum lipid concentration and serum liver enzyme levels on a regular basis during etretinate treatment is essential for its safe use in patients with psoriasis, es- pecially in cases of long term etretinate treatment.

STUDIES ON LIVER ENZYME HISTOCHEMISTRY AND GLUCAGON RECEPTOR IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Changes of liver enzyme histochemistry and characteristics of glucagon receptor on liver cell plasma membrane were observed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The results showed that glycogenolytic and glyconeogenetic enzyme activities of liver were increased in diabetic rats and were higher than those of normal rats. There were no marked differences concerning both low and high affinities of glucagon receptors between normal and diabetic rats, but the concentration of low affinity glucagon receptor was significantly higher for diabetic rats than for normal rats. Compared with untreated diabetic rats, the concentration of high affinity glucagon receptor was normalized and that of low affinity receptor decreased by 30. 6% in insulin-treated diabetic rats. The present study implies that: 1)DURING insulin deficiency the increase in liver glyconeogenesis may be one of the important factors to induce increment of liver glucose output; 2) the increase in glucagon receptor binding to liver in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats may provide a cellular basis for the increased glycemic and ketonemic response to glucagon in insulin-deprived diabetics; 3) since in diabetic rats insulin treatment results in a reversal of increased glucagon binding, it is possible that insulin regulates the glucagon receptor either directly or through its effect on the plasma glucagon concentration.