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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e246463, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355899

ABSTRACT

Abstract Quilombola communities are present in many Brazilian states living in precarious health conditions. This is due to geographic isolation, limitations to the access of the area in which they live in, and the lack of quality in the service when it is needed to be provided. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the quality of life of women from a quilombola community in northeastern Brazil. It is an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. 160 adult women were first interviewed through a form to collect a profile and then it was applied the WHOQOL Quality of Life questionnaire - bref. It was observed that the women were on average 40.7 years old (±17.25), married, self-declared black, who did not finish elementary school, housewife, had no income, with their own masonry house, with up to 6 rooms, supplied by a box of community treated water. Quality of Life had median scores in the domains: physical (3.18), psychological (3.4), social relationships (3.45) and environment (2.59). With this research, it was possible to characterize the quilombola community of Santa Luzia do Norte-AL regarding the difficulties of access to health and income generation, issues that affect their health condition. The problems described in this study can contribute to health actions being planned and carried out in order to improve socioeconomic and health conditions in this community, considering the social, political and environmental context, valuing their traditional knowledge and practices.


Resumo As comunidades quilombolas, estão presentes em diversos estados brasileiros, vivendo em condições de saúde mais precárias. Isto ocorre por conta do isolamento geográfico, das limitações de acesso e da falta de qualidade no serviço quando este é prestado. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a qualidade de vida de mulheres de uma comunidade quilombola do nordeste brasileiro. Estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo. Foram entrevistadas 160 mulheres adultas, através de um formulário para a coleta de perfil e do questionário de Qualidade de Vida WHOQOL - bref. Foi observado que as mulheres tinham em média 40,7 anos (±17,25), casadas, autodeclaradas negras, com fundamental incompleto, do lar, sem renda, com moradia de alvenaria, própria, com até 6 cômodos, abastecidas por caixa de água comunitária, tratada. A Qualidade de Vida, apresentou escores medianos nos domínios: físico (3,18), psicológico (3,4), relações sociais (3,45) e meio ambiente (2,59). Com a realização desta pesquisa foi possível caracterizar a comunidade quilombola de Santa Luzia do Norte-AL quanto as dificuldades de acesso a saúde e geração de renda, fatos que repercutem na sua condição de saúde. Os problemas descritos neste estudo podem contribuir para que ações de saúde sejam planejadas e efetivadas com o intuito de melhorar as condições socioeconômicas e de saúde nessa comunidade, considerando-se o contexto social, político e ambiental, valorizando seus saberes e práticas tradicionais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Quality of Life , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469320

ABSTRACT

Abstract Quilombola communities are present in many Brazilian states living in precarious health conditions. This is due to geographic isolation, limitations to the access of the area in which they live in, and the lack of quality in the service when it is needed to be provided. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the quality of life of women from a quilombola community in northeastern Brazil. It is an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. 160 adult women were first interviewed through a form to collect a profile and then it was applied the WHOQOL Quality of Life questionnaire bref. It was observed that the women were on average 40.7 years old (±17.25), married, self-declared black, who did not finish elementary school, housewife, had no income, with their own masonry house, with up to 6 rooms, supplied by a box of community treated water. Quality of Life had median scores in the domains: physical (3.18), psychological (3.4), social relationships (3.45) and environment (2.59). With this research, it was possible to characterize the quilombola community of Santa Luzia do Norte-AL regarding the difficulties of access to health and income generation, issues that affect their health condition. The problems described in this study can contribute to health actions being planned and carried out in order to improve socioeconomic and health conditions in this community, considering the social, political and environmental context, valuing their traditional knowledge and practices.


Resumo As comunidades quilombolas, estão presentes em diversos estados brasileiros, vivendo em condições de saúde mais precárias. Isto ocorre por conta do isolamento geográfico, das limitações de acesso e da falta de qualidade no serviço quando este é prestado. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a qualidade de vida de mulheres de uma comunidade quilombola do nordeste brasileiro. Estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo. Foram entrevistadas 160 mulheres adultas, através de um formulário para a coleta de perfil e do questionário de Qualidade de Vida WHOQOL bref. Foi observado que as mulheres tinham em média 40,7 anos (±17,25), casadas, autodeclaradas negras, com fundamental incompleto, do lar, sem renda, com moradia de alvenaria, própria, com até 6 cômodos, abastecidas por caixa de água comunitária, tratada. A Qualidade de Vida, apresentou escores medianos nos domínios: físico (3,18), psicológico (3,4), relações sociais (3,45) e meio ambiente (2,59). Com a realização desta pesquisa foi possível caracterizar a comunidade quilombola de Santa Luzia do Norte-AL quanto as dificuldades de acesso a saúde e geração de renda, fatos que repercutem na sua condição de saúde. Os problemas descritos neste estudo podem contribuir para que ações de saúde sejam planejadas e efetivadas com o intuito de melhorar as condições socioeconômicas e de saúde nessa comunidade, considerando-se o contexto social, político e ambiental, valorizando seus saberes e práticas tradicionais.

3.
São Paulo med. j ; São Paulo med. j;142(6): e2023279, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1570088

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The risk of death due to tuberculosis (TB) in Brazil is high and strongly related to living conditions (LC). However, epidemiological studies investigating changes in LC and their impact on TB are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of LC on TB mortality in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: This ecological study, using panel data on spatial and temporal aggregates, was conducted in 1,614 municipalities between 2002 and 2015. METHODS: Data were collected from the Mortality Information System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The proxy variable used for LC was the Urban Health Index (UHI). Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the effect of the UHI on TB mortality rate. Attributable risk (AR) was used as an impact measure. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2015, TB mortality rate decreased by 23.5%, and LC improved. The continuous model analysis resulted in an RR = 0.89 (95%CI = 0.82-0.96), so the AR was −12.3%. The categorized model showed an effect of 0.92 (95%CI = 0.83-0.95) in municipalities with intermediate LC and of 0.83 (95%CI = 0.82-0.91) in those with low LC, representing an AR for TB mortality of −8.7% and −20.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Improved LC impacted TB mortality, even when adjusted for other determinants. This impact was greater in the strata of low-LC municipalities.

4.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 12(3): 372, dic. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1531773

ABSTRACT

La presente revisión surge dada la importancia otorgada a la Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida (ENCOVI) de Venezuela, la edición de dicha encuesta proporciona información representativa de la situacióneconómica, social y de salud de los hogares del país. Los resultados de la encuesta permiten a investigadores y expertos analizar y comprender la magnitud de la crisis en sus diversos aspectos y sus efectos sobre la población y las condiciones de vida, lo que la convierte en una herramienta esencial para entender los problemas que enfrenta la población de Venezuela y la forma de abordarlos de manera efectiva. La ENCOVI proporciona información útil, no solo, a la sociedad civil y Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONGs), también a instituciones gubernamentales, al ser divulgada a través de medios de comunicación, aportando importantes insumos para el abordaje de los problemas públicos y los desafíos encada sector, permitiendo comprender las condiciones de vida en los hogares venezolanos. La investigación se basa en un diseño bibliográfico-documental, efectuando para ello 6 fases constituidas por: búsqueda, compilación, revisión, selección,organización y examen sistemático. El objetivo es describir aspectos metodológicos utilizados en la encuesta nacional de condiciones de vida desde el 2014 hasta el 2022.


The present review arises given the importance givento the National Survey of Living Conditions (ENCOVI) of Venezuela, the edition of said survey provides representative information on the economic, social and health situation ofhouseholds in the country. The results of the survey allowresearchers and experts to analyze and understand the magnitudeof the crisis in its various aspects and its effects on the populationand living conditions, which makes it an essential tool tounderstand the problems faced by the population. of Venezuelaand how to address them effectively. The ENCOVI providesuseful information, not only to civil society and NGOs, butalso to government institutions when disseminated throughthe media, providing important inputs for addressing publicproblems and challenges in each sector, allowing understandingof the conditions of life in Venezuelan homes. The research is based on a bibliographic-documentary design, carrying out6 phases consisting of: search, compilation, review, selection,organization and systematic review. The objective is to describemethodological aspects used in the national survey of livingconditions from 2014 to 2022.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Conditions/economics , Social Conditions/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Unified Health System , Demography , Nutritional Status , Government
5.
Investig. desar ; 31(1)jun. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534735

ABSTRACT

Este artículo profundiza en el conocimiento de las mujeres habitantes de la calle de las cinco ciudades más densas del país, teniendo como telón de fondo las relaciones patriarcales de desigualdad que permean los diferentes momentos de la habitanza de la calle empezando por la decisión de salir a vivir en esta. Con la información disponible de los censos de habitantes de la calle de 2017 y 2019 realizados por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) en Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla y Bucaramanga, indaga las diversas formas femeninas de habitar la calle y las condiciones en que esta se lleva a cabo. Apunta básicamente a eliminar la masculinización de la habitanza de la calle, visibilizando la presencia de mujeres diversas en ciclos de vida y con vivencias expulsoras antes y de hábitos de subsistencia y manutención durante su permanencia en la calle.


This article delves into the knowledge of women living on the streets of the five densest cities in the country, taking as a background the patriarchal relations of inequality that permeate the different moments of street life starting with the decision to go out to live in this. With the information available from the censuses of street dwellers of 2017 and 2019 carried out by DANE in Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla and Bucaramanga, it investigates the various female ways of inhabiting the street and the conditions in which it is carried out. It basically aims to eliminate the masculinization of street living, making visible the presence of diverse women in life cycles and with expeller experiences before and of subsistence and maintenance habits during their stay on the street.

6.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 21(4)ago. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1441927

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las condiciones de vida son las condiciones objetivas en las que los hombres reproducen su existencia social e individual. La adolescencia es una etapa importante del curso de la vida. Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de vida de adolescentes en cuatro consultorios del médico y la enfermera de la familia. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se estudiaron 377 adolescentes. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y correlación de Pearson. Resultados: Predominó el rango de edad de 15-18 (233 para 61,8 por ciento). El nivel de escolaridad más alto terminado por las madres de los adolescentes fue el preuniversitario (143 para 37,9 por ciento). El índice académico del adolescente en el curso anterior que predominó fue el de 90-94 (121 para 32,1 por ciento). Existió una correlación significativa entre el nivel educacional más alto terminado por la madre del adolescente y el índice académico de este en el curso anterior. Predominaron las familias medianas y nucleares. La percepción de la situación económica tanto para el adolescente como para la madre o tutor fue regular. En relación con los equipos electrodomésticos, la gran mayoría refiere tener cinco de los seis equipos de primera necesidad; en los de segunda necesidad, existe déficit de aire acondicionado en las viviendas, horno micro-onda, olla reina, computadora, video, freezer, calentador de agua, teléfono y cocina eléctrica. Conclusiones: Las condiciones de vida expresan diferencias según el nivel de escolaridad más alto terminado por la madre del adolescente y la percepción de la situación económica(AU)


Introduction: Living conditions are the objective conditions in which the individuals reproduce their social and individual existence. Adolescence is an important stage in the course of life. Objective: To describe the living conditions of adolescents in four family doctor-and-nurse offices. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 377 adolescents. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation were used. Results: The predominant age group was 15-18 years, 233 adolescents (61,8 percent). Pre-university was the highest educational level completed by the adolescents' mothers, 143 mothers (37,9 percent). The prevailing academic index among adolescents in the previous year was 90-94, 121 adolescents (32,1 percent). There was a significant correlation between the highest educational level completed by the adolescent's mother and the adolescent´s academic index in the previous year. Medium-sized and nuclear families predominated. The perception of the economic situation for both the adolescent and the mother or guardian was regular. In relation to household electrical equipment, the vast majority referred to this as having five of the six basic necessities; regarding those of second most important need at home, there was a deficit of air conditioning, microwave oven, queen pot, computer, video, freezer, water heater, telephone, and electric stove. Conclusions: There are differences in living conditions concerning the highest level of education completed by the adolescent's mother and the perception of the economic situation(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Social Conditions , Epidemiology, Descriptive
7.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; Rev. cuba. salud pública;48(2): e2307, abr.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1409281

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El año 2015 es el marco de referencia temporal internacional para evaluar las acciones de la estrategia Fin a la tuberculosis. La eliminación de la enfermedad como problema de salud requiere de la identificación de poblaciones y territorios en mayor riesgo, y de los determinantes de su distribución geográfica. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de factores socioeconómicos, demográficos y geoespaciales en la distribución espacial de la tuberculosis en La Habana en el año 2015. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio ecológico. Se describió la distribución espacial del total de casos de tuberculosis, la confección TB/VIH y los casos TB/reclusos a nivel de municipio; así como de variables socioeconómicas, demográficas y geoespaciales con datos disponibles de todos los municipios de la provincia. Se realizaron mapas temáticos para cada una de las variables. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis de superposición de capas. Resultados: Se observó una mayor concentración de casos en el centro-sur de la provincia; principalmente en los municipios Centro Habana, Habana Vieja, Diez de Octubre y Boyeros, a excepción de este último, estos municipios son los más densamente poblados, los que tienen mayor ocupación del suelo y condiciones de vida más desfavorables. Conclusiones: La distribución espacial de la tuberculosis en La Habana está estrechamente relacionada al comportamiento de variables socioeconómicas, demográficas y geoespaciales en sus diferentes municipios. Estas variables deben ser tomadas en cuenta en intervenciones de salud dirigidas a la eliminación de la enfermedad en la provincia(AU)


Introduction: The year 2015 constitutes the international time frame of reference to evaluate the actions of the End tuberculosis strategy. The elimination of the disease as a health problem requires the identification of populations and territories at greatest risk, and the determinants of their geographical distribution. Objective: Determine the influence of socio-economic, demographic and geospatial factors on the spatial distribution of tuberculosis in Havana in 2015. Methods: An ecological study was conducted. The spatial distribution of total TB cases, TB/HIV and TB/inmate cases at the municipality level was described; as well as socio-economic, demographic and geospatial variables with data available from all municipalities in the province. Thematic maps were made for each of the variables. Subsequently, a layer overlap analysis was performed. Results: A higher concentration of cases was observed in the center-south of the province; mainly in the municipalities of Centro Habana, Habana Vieja, Diez de Octubre and Boyeros ; with the exception of the latter, these municipalities are the most densely populated, those with the highest land occupation and the most unfavorable living conditions. Conclusions: The spatial distribution of tuberculosis in Havana is closely related to the behavior of socio-economic, demographic and geospatial variables in its different municipalities. These variables should be taken into account in health interventions aimed at eliminating the disease in the province(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Conditions , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Geographic Information Systems , Ecological Studies
8.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408672

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las condiciones de vida son las condiciones objetivas en las que los hombres reproducen su existencia social e individual. Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de vida de la población en cuatro consultorios del médico y la enfermera de la familia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal durante el periodo 2016-2019 en cuatro Consultorios del Médico y la Enfermera de la Familia (CMF), que fueron seleccionados por factibilidad. Se estudiaron 775 personas y las siguientes variables: Sociodemográficas, Clasificación de la familia, Percepción de la situación económica, Problemas de la familia y soluciones para estos problemas y Condiciones de vida. Los datos se introdujeron en una base de datos en Access y se procesaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 20.0 para Windows. Resultados: Predominó el rango de edad de 70-74 (87/11,2 por ciento). El nivel de escolaridad más alto terminado fue el técnico medio (265/34,2 por ciento). El trabajador estatal predominó en la situación laboral (260/33,5 por ciento). Un número importante de amas de casa y jubilados tenían nivel educacional más alto terminado de secundaria básica o menos. Predominaron las familias pequeñas y nucleares, 268 (34,6 por ciento), vivían en familias nucleares solo constituidas por adultos mayores. La percepción de la situación económica tanto para la individual (411/53,0 por ciento) como para la de la familia (418/53,9 por ciento) fue regular. En relación con los equipos electrodomésticos, la mayoría refirió tener cinco de los seis equipos de primera necesidad, en los de segunda necesidad en las viviendas hubo déficit de aire acondicionado, horno micro onda, máquina de coser, computadora, video, freezer, calentador de agua, teléfono y cocina eléctrica. Conclusiones: Las condiciones de vida expresan diferencias según la edad, el nivel de escolaridad, la situación laboral y la percepción de la situación económica(AU)


Introduction: Living conditions are the objective conditions in which human beings reproduce their social and individual existence. Objective: To describe the living conditions of the population in four family doctor and nurse's offices. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out during the period 2016-2019 in four family doctor and nurse's offices, chosen by feasibility. A total of 775 individuals were studied, together with the following variables: of sociodemographical type, family classification, perception of economic situation, family problems and solutions to these problems, as well as living conditions. The data were entered into an Access database and processed with the statistical package SPSS version, 20.0 for Windows. Results: The age range 70-74 predominated (87/11.2 percent). The highest level of schooling was a technical associate (265/34.2 percent). The state-employed worker predominated as occupational status (260/33.5 percent). A significant number of housewives and retirees had the highest level of education completed, senior high school or lower. Small and nuclear families predominated; 268 (34.6 percent) lived in nuclear families with older adults only. Perception about the economic situation was fair for both the individual (411/53.0 percent) and the family (418/53.9 percent). Regarding household appliances, most of the respondents referred they have five of the six first-need appliances; concerning second-need appliances in the dwellings, there was a deficit of air conditioning, microwave oven, sewing machine, computer, video player, freezer, water heater, telephone, or electric stove. Conclusions: Living conditions express differences according to age, level of schooling, occupational status, and perception of the economic situation(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care , Social Conditions/trends , Family , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
9.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 38(10): e00150320, 2022. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1404022

ABSTRACT

Este artigo objetiva discutir o uso da categoria Reprodução Social, proposta por Juan Samaja, na análise sobre condições de vida e de saúde em um contexto de uma unidade de conservação ambiental da Amazônia brasileira. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem compreensiva sobre os processos da reprodução social que integram a rede de determinação hierarquicamente organizada por meio da análise de interações sociais dos acontecimentos narrados e observáveis, aplicados a matriz de dados. A Reprodução Ecológica da vida na floresta dos ribeirinhos é expressa negativamente na vida biocomunal, pois as estratégias de ação propiciadas pelas Reproduções Política, Econômica e Cultural, ou seja, as ações da política ambiental, não valorizam o modo de vida local. O deficitário acesso aos bens e serviços sociais, incluindo a atenção à saúde, provenientes das Reproduções Política e Tecnoeconômica, repercutem na base material da Reprodução Biocomunal, cujo desfecho são elevadas frequências de queixas de doença e de acidentes de trabalho, como gastroenterites infecciosas, malária, tuberculose, hanseníase e intoxicação por animais peçonhentos. Garantir o acesso aos bens e serviços sociais, em especial à saúde, são imprescindíveis para uma maior resiliência às adversidades da floresta. Conclui-se, então, que a matriz de dados da Reprodução Social possibilitou compreender os processos da reprodução social que integram a rede de determinação hierarquicamente organizada, cujas interações modelaram as condições de vida e de saúde dos ribeirinhos.


Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir el uso de la categoría Reproducción Social, propuesta por Juan Samaja, en el análisis sobre condiciones de vida y de salud en un contexto de una unidad de conservación ambiental de la Amazonía brasileña. Se trata de un estudio de enfoque integral sobre los procesos de la reproducción social que integran la red de determinación jerárquicamente organizada por medio del análisis de interacciones sociales de los acontecimientos narrados y observables, aplicados a la matriz de datos. La Reproducción Ecológica de la vida en los bosques ribereños es expresada negativamente en la vida biocomunal, pues las estrategias de acción propiciadas por las Reproducciones Política, Económica y Cultural, es decir, las acciones de la política ambiental, no valoran el modo de vida local. El deficiente acceso a los bienes y servicios sociales, incluida la atención a la salud, procedentes de las Reproducciones Política y Tecnoeconómica, repercuten en la base material de la Reproducción Biocomunal, cuyo desenlace son elevadas frecuencias de quejas de enfermedad y de accidentes de trabajo, como gastroenteritis infecciosas, malaria, tuberculosis, lepra e intoxicación por animales venenosos. Garantizar el acceso a los bienes y servicios sociales, especialmente la atención a la salud, es esencial para una mayor resistencia a las adversidades del bosque. Se concluye, entonces, que la matriz de datos de la Reproducción Social permitió comprender los procesos de la reproducción social que integran la red de determinación jerárquicamente organizada, cuyas interacciones modelaron las condiciones de vida y salud de los ribereños.


This article aims to discuss the use of Social Reproduction, proposed by Juan Samaja, in the analysis of living and health conditions in a context of an sustanaible development reserve in the Brazilian Amazon. This study uses a comprehensive approach to Social Reproduction processes that comprise the network of hierarchically organized structures using the analysis of social interactions of narrated and observable events, applied to the data matrix. The Ecological Reproduction of life in the riverside forest is negatively expressed in bio-communal life, as the strategic actions provided by the Political, Economic and Cultural Reproductions, that is, the environmental policy actions, do not value the local way of life. The deficient access to social goods and services, including health care, from the Political and Techno-Economic Reproductions, has an impact on the material basis of the Bio-Communal Reproduction, whose outcome is high frequency of disease complaints and workplace accidents, such as infectious gastroenteritis, malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, and poisoning by venomous animals. Ensuring access to social goods and services, in particular health care, is essential for improving resilience to the forest adversities. In conclusion, the social reproduction data matrix helped understand the processes of Social Reproduction that are part of the hierarchically organized structures, whose interactions shaped the living and health conditions of the riverside population analyzed in this study.

10.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);26(supl.3): 5187-5200, Oct. 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345734

ABSTRACT

Resumo No Brasil, o crescimento do agronegócio em detrimento da agricultura familiar ocorreu ocultando danos sociais, ambientais e à saúde humana. Objetivou-se comparar as condições de vida, de trabalho e o acesso aos serviços de saúde, entre trabalhadores agrícolas e não agrícolas. Utilizaram-se os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) sobre condições de vida e trabalho, características sociodemográficas, econômicas e de acesso aos serviços de saúde de uma amostra representativa da população ocupada brasileira. Empregou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, com nível de significância de 0,05, considerando-se o desenho complexo da amostragem. Os trabalhadores agrícolas apresentaram piores condições de vida, menor poder aquisitivo, maior exposição à radiação solar e agentes químicos e maior frequência e gravidade de acidentes de trabalho em comparação aos não agrícolas. A população agrícola teve maior cobertura da ESF, buscou atendimento médico no SUS para tratar doenças, enquanto a não agrícola, buscou atendimento médico privado para ações preventivas. As diferenças encontradas entre esses trabalhadores implicam em padrões de adoecimento distintos e definem necessidades de saúde específicas.


Abstract In Brazil, the growth of agribusiness to the detriment of family agriculture occurred while concealing social, environmental and human health damages. The objective was to compare living and working conditions and access to health services between agricultural and non-agricultural workers. Data from the National Health Survey (PNS) on living and working conditions, sociodemographic, economic characteristics, and access to health services from a representative sample of the employed Brazilian population were adopted. Pearson's chi-square test was used, with a significance level of 0.05, taking the complex sampling design into consideration. Agricultural workers suffered from worse living conditions, lower purchasing power, greater exposure to solar radiation and chemical agents, and a higher frequency and severity of occupational accidents compared to non-agricultural workers. The agricultural population had greater coverage of the Family Health Service and sought medical care from the Unified Health System (SUS) to treat diseases, while the non-agricultural workers sought private medical care for preventive actions. The differences found between these workers imply different patterns of illness and define specific health needs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Agriculture , Farmers , Brazil , Health Services , Health Services Accessibility
11.
Mem. Inst. Invest. Cienc. Salud (Impr.) ; 19(1)abr. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1337702

ABSTRACT

A partir de considerar el incremento de la violencia en el mundo, sus implicancias para la población joven y la escasez de estudios relativos al tema según sector socioeconómico, se planteó el objetivo de analizar la mortalidad adolescente por causas violentas según nivel de Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI), en Argentina, entre los trienios 2006-2008 y 2012-2014. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo, desde un enfoque sociodemográfico, con base en información estadística oficial. Se calcularon tasas de mortalidad para la población de 10 a 19 años, desagregadas por nivel de NBI, sexo, edad y grupo de causas violentas. Los resultados mostraron un incremento de la mortalidad para el conjunto de causas violentas independientemente del nivel de NBI, mayormente en varones de 15 a 19 años. En particular, aumentó la mortalidad por accidentes de transporte y eventos de intención no determinada (todos los niveles de NBI), otros accidentes y suicidios (mayores niveles de NBI) y homicidios (menores niveles de NBI). Surge así la necesidad de desplegar acciones "a medida" para reducir la mortalidad en todos los casos


Given the increase in violence in the world, its implications for the young population and the scarcity of studies related to this subject according to socioeconomic sector, the objective of this paper was to analyze adolescent mortality from violent causes by level of Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) in Argentina, between triennia 2006-2008 and 2012-2014. For this purpose, a quantitative and descriptive study was carried out, using a socio-demographic approach, based on official statistical information. Mortality rates were calculated for the population aged 10 to 19, disaggregated by level of UBN, sex, age and group of violent causes. The results showed an increase in mortality considering all violent causes regardless of the level of UBN, mostly in males aged 15 to 19 years. In particular, mortality from transport accidents and events of undetermined intention (all levels of UBN), other accidents and suicides (higher levels of UBN) and homicides (lower levels of UBN) increased. Therefore, "tailored-made" actions must be taken to reduce mortality in all cases


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Social Conditions , Violence , Economic Status , Argentina , Mortality , Adolescent
12.
Rev. bras. estud. popul ; 37: e0110, 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137786

ABSTRACT

O artigo objetiva estudar a associação entre condições de vida das famílias brasileiras e a estimativa da insegurança alimentar (IA). Para tanto, foi realizado estudo transversal conduzido com dados da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar (2008-2009), do IBGE, nas áreas rurais e urbanas. A estimativa da IA foi obtida a partir da pergunta: "das afirmativas a seguir, qual aquela que melhor descreve a quantidade de alimento consumido por sua família?", quando a resposta foi "normalmente não é suficiente" ou "às vezes não é suficiente". As condições de vida foram analisadas por variáveis econômicas, do domicílio e seu entorno. Modelos de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, ajustados, foram construídos. Os resultados mostram que, dos 55.406 domicílios investigados, 39,4% foram classificados em IA, sendo que, na maioria deles, foi identificada dificuldade (93,9%) para levar a vida até o fim do mês com a renda disponível. Os valores de razão de prevalência, ajustados por renda mensal per capita, região e área, indicam que todos os aspectos econômicos e condições de vida insatisfatórias, bem como os problemas no domicílio e do entorno foram significativamente associados à IA. Conclui-se que é elevada a prevalência da estimativa da IA, sendo associada às condições de vida insatisfatórias das famílias. Portanto, revela-se a necessidade de implementar políticas públicas intersetoriais efetivas visando reduzir as desigualdades.


To research the association between the living conditions of Brazilian families and the Food Insecurity (FI) estimations. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with data from the Household Budget Survey (2008-2009) in rural and urban areas. The estimation of FI rating was obtained by the question: "Which of the following statements best describes the amount of food consumed by your family?",classified as FI for answers "usually not enough" or "sometimes not enough". Living conditions were analyzed by economic variables, the household and its surroundings. Poisson regression models with robust variance, adjusted, were used. Results: 39.4% out of 55.406 households evaluated, were classified as FI. In most (93.9%) difficulty to make ends meet was identified. Prevalence ratio values, adjusted for monthly income per capita, region and area, showed that all economic and unsatisfactory living conditions, as well as home and surrounding problems were significantly associated with FI. Conclusions: The prevalence of FI estimates was high, associated with families' unsatisfactory living conditions. Therefore, there is a need to implement effective intersectorial public policies aimed at reducing inequality.


Estudiar la asociación entre las condiciones de vida de las familias brasileñas y la estimación de la inseguridad alimentaria (IA). Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con datos de la Encuesta de Presupuesto Familiar (2008-2009) en áreas rurales y urbanas. La estimación de la calificación de IA se obtuvo de: "De las siguientes declaraciones, ¿cuál describe mejor la cantidad de alimentos consumidos por su familia?", cuando la respuesta era "normalmente no es suficiente" o "a veces no es suficiente". Las condiciones de vida fueron analizadas por variables económicas, el hogar y su entorno. Se construyeron modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta y ajustada. Resultados: De los 55.406 hogares investigados, 39,4 % fueron clasificados en IA, y en la mayoría de ellos se identificó como difícil (93,9 %) llegar a fin de mes con los ingresos disponibles. Los valores de la razón de prevalencia, ajustados por el ingreso mensual per cápita, la región y el área, mostraron que todos los aspectos económicos y las condiciones de vida insatisfactorias, así como los problemas del hogar y su entorno estaban significativamente asociados con la IA. Conclusión: La prevalencia de estimación de la IA fue alta, asociada con las condiciones de vida insatisfactorias de las familias. Por lo tanto, es necesaria la implementación de políticas públicas intersectoriales efectivas destinadas a reducir las desigualdades.


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Conditions , Family , Food Insecurity , Income , Public Policy , Research , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Rural Areas , Residence Characteristics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Urban Area
13.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 35(4): e850, oct.-dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093522

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La extensión de la vida humana hacia edades muy prolongadas, ha traído consigo un predominio de la discapacidad. Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia de discapacidad física en los adultos mayores por condiciones de vida favorables y desfavorables. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en dos poblaciones de adultos mayores del área de salud Salvador Allende del municipio Boyeros en el año 2015: consultorios identificados como condiciones de vida favorable y desfavorable. Se realizó un muestreo por conglomerados en dos etapas, resultaron, 87 adultos mayores en las condiciones favorables y 117 en condiciones desfavorables. Se aplicó el instrumento Whodas II, se consideró que la persona estaba discapacitada, si al menos una de sus dimensiones estaba afectada. Los datos se resumieron en números absolutos y porcentaje. Se calcularon estimadores de proporción con sus intervalos de confianza para la diferencia entre dos poblaciones. Resultados: La prevalencia de discapacidad fue de 71,26 por ciento para condiciones de vida favorable y 73,50 por ciento para condiciones desfavorable. Se observó diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las dos poblaciones en cuanto a la dimensión capacidad para moverse en su entorno. Conclusiones: En ambas poblaciones, una parte importante de los adultos mayores presentó discapacidad y diferencias en un nivel de escolaridad. La dimensión capacidad para moverse en su entorno fue la única que mostró diferencias. El resto de las dimensiones fueron similares para ambos grupos(AU)


Introduction: The lengthening of human life until very old age has brought about a predominance of disability. Objectives: Estimate the prevalence of physical disability among the elderly due to favorable and unfavorable living conditions. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in 2015 of two populations of elderly people from Salvador Allende health area in the municipality of Boyeros: consultation offices identified as having favorable and unfavorable living conditions. The study sample was 87 elderly people in favorable living conditions and 117 in unfavorable living conditions, all of whom were selected by two-stage cluster sampling. The tool Whodas II was applied, considering a person as disabled if at least one of its dimensions was affected. The data were summarized in absolute numbers and percentages. Proportion estimators were calculated with their confidence intervals for the difference between the two populations. Results: The prevalence of disability was 71.26 percent for favorable living conditions and 73.50 percent for unfavorable living conditions. A statistically significant difference was found between the two populations in terms of the dimension 'capacity to move about in their environment'. Conclusions: In both populations a considerable proportion of elderly people presented disability and differences in one level of schooling. The dimension 'capacity to move about in their environment' was the only one showing differences. The remaining dimensions were similar in both groups(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Social Conditions , Health of the Disabled , Epidemiology, Descriptive
14.
Horiz. sanitario (en linea) ; 18(3): 337-346, sep.-dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056298

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar patrones diferenciales y brechas de la carga global de enfermedad en causas seleccionadas según estratos de condiciones de vida. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se calcularon las tasas específicas de la carga de enfermedad por morbilidad, mortalidad y global según estratos de condiciones de vida y causas seleccionadas. Las tasas fueron ajustadas por el método directo e indirecto. Resultados: Los tumores malignos y la diabetes mellitus son las causas por la que más años se dejan de vivir con salud en Cuba, seguidas por la cardiopatía isquémica, mostrando un exceso en el estrato intermedio las dos primeras causas y carga excesiva por cardiopatía isquémica en el estrato favorable. El estrato medianamente favorable mostró un exceso de carga en casi todas las causas. Conclusiones: Se evidenció un patrón diferencial y brechas en la carga global de enfermedad en casi todas las causas, dado por un exceso en el estrato medianamente favorable con respecto a los otros dos estratos.


Summary Objective: To identify differential patterns and gaps in the global burden of disease in selected causes according to strata of living conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out and the universe was constituted by the population of Cuba in the 2013-2015 periods. Specific rates of disease burden due to morbidity, mortality and global were calculated according to strata of living conditions and selected causes. The rates were adjusted by the direct and indirect method. Results: Malignant tumors and diabetes mellitus are the diseases for which more years are left to live with health in Cuba, followed by ischemic heart disease, showing an excess in the intermediate stratum the first two causes and excessive burden due to ischemic heart disease in the favorable stratum. The moderately favorable stratum showed an excess load in almost all causes. Conclusions: There was a differential pattern and gaps in the overall burden of disease in almost all causes, given by an excess of them in the moderately favorable stratum with respect to the other two strata.


Resumo Objetivo: Identificar padroes diferenciáis e lacunas na carga global da doenga cujas causas foram selecionadas de acordo com os estratos de condigoes de vida. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo transversal. Foram calculadas as taxas específicas de carga de doenga relativas a morbidade, mortalidade e global tendo por base os estratos de condigoes de vida e as causas selecionadas. As taxas foram ajustadas pelo método direto e indireto. Resultados: Os tumores malignos e diabetes mellitus sao as principais causas de perda de anos de vida saudável em Cuba, seguindo-se a cardiopatia isquémica, o que demonstra um excesso no estrato intermèdio nos dois primeiros casos e uma carga excessiva por cardiopatia isquémica no estrato favorável. O estrato moderadamente favorável mostrou um excesso de carga em quase todas as causas. Conelusoes: Evidenciou-se um padrao diferencial e lacunas na carga global da doenga em quase todas as causas, se traduzindo num excesso no estrato moderadamente favorável em relagao aos dois outros estratos.

15.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 27(4): 448-454, out.-dez. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055678

ABSTRACT

Resumo Introdução Um dos problemas mais significativos de saúde pública na atualidade é a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) e o uso excessivo de medicamentos psicotrópicos. As mulheres são as que mais sofrem com os TMC e fazem uso de antidepressivos e ansiolíticos. Objetivo Desenvolver uma reflexão teórica sobre as inter-relações entre TMC, relações de gênero e velhice, bem como apontar algumas contribuições para a atenção primária à saúde mental. Método Foi realizada uma pesquisa de artigos no SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Dos 15 artigos encontrados, foram incluídos 13 sobre a temática e realizada uma análise crítica. Resultados Os TMC estão relacionados com as condições de vida e as iniquidades de gênero. Mulheres idosas, ao deixarem de desempenhar papéis sociais para os quais haviam se preparado e por muito tempo desempenharam, experimentam sintomas de TMC. Com a saída dos filhos de casa e as limitações físicas decorrentes do processo de envelhecer, muitas delas se encontram sem outros projetos de vida. Isso contribui para o agravamento dos sintomas. Conclusão A atenção primária à saúde precisa incluir discussões sobre velhice e gênero, além de incrementar ações de promoção em saúde mental em suas atividades cotidianas.


Abstract Background One of the most significant public health issues today is the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and the overuse of psychotropic drugs. Women are suffering most from the CMD and, consequently, making more use of antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs. Objective This study aims at making some theoretical considerations on the interrelations between CMD, gender relations, and aging. Method It is a theoretical reflection. An article search was conducted in SciELO and Google academic. Of the 15 articles found, 13 were included on the subject and a critical analysis was carried out. Results It is observed that CMD is related to living conditions and gender inequities. Older women, when they do not play social roles for which they had prepared themselves and which they have long played it, they experience symptoms of CMD. With the departure of children from home and the physical limitations resulting from the aging process, many of them find themselves without other life projects and this fact contributes to the worsening of symptoms. Conclusion Primary health care must include discussions of aging, gender and actions to promote mental health in their daily activities.

16.
Rev. baiana saúde pública ; 43(1): 226-246, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1140155

ABSTRACT

A exclusão social à qual as comunidades quilombolas estão expostas, em todo o território brasileiro, tem favorecido sua vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, ambiental, o que se traduz em precárias condições de vida e saúde. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as condições de vida, saúde e morbidade referidas pelas comunidades quilombolas do semiárido baiano. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado nas comunidades quilombolas de Matinha dos Pretos e Lagoa Grande no município de Feira de Santana (BA), com indivíduos adultos (≥ 18 anos). Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de três instrumentos e analisados utilizando-se o pacote estatístico Stata 14.0. Resultados: dos 864 entrevistados, 63,0% são do sexo feminino; 47,8%, casados, apresentando uma média de idade de 42,6 anos (IC 95%: 41,1 ­ 44,2), e de escolaridade, variando de 6 a 7 anos de estudo em média. A maioria realiza trabalhos informais, especialmente nas funções relacionadas à agricultura. Em relação à vulnerabilidade ambiental, é de se destacar que 99,5% das casas não possuem rede de esgoto. Observou-se que a maioria raramente procura os serviços de saúde. As doenças de maior prevalência foram: doenças da coluna, doenças parasitárias e hipertensão arterial. Os principais agravos relacionados à saúde mental foram: ansiedade (n = 231); transtornos mentais comuns (n = 159) e fobias (n = 107). Os resultados demonstraram que as comunidades quilombolas de Feira de Santana (BA) encontram-se vulnerabilizadas, condição que revela a necessidade de intervenções sociais e de saúde, com vistas à melhoria da condição de vida e saúde dos quilombolas.


The social exclusion to which quilombola communities are exposed throughout Brazil has favored their socioeconomic and environmental vulnerability, which translates into precarious living and health conditions. This study analyzed the conditions of life, health and morbidity reported by Quilombola communities in the semiarid region of Bahia. Matinha dos Pretos and Lagoa Grande in the municipality of Feira de Santana, Bahia, with adult individuals (≥ 18 years). Data were collected through the application of three instruments and analyzed using the statistical package Stata 14.0. Results: out of the 864 respondents, 63.0% are female, 47.8% are married, with average age 42.6 years (95% CI: 41.1 ­ 44.2), and education varying from 6 to 7 years of study on average. Most carry out informal jobs, especially in functions related to agriculture. Regarding environmental vulnerability, 99.5% of the houses had no sewage system. The majority rarely sought health services. Their most prevalent diseases are: spine diseases, parasitic diseases and high blood pressure. The main problems related to mental health were: anxiety (n = 231); common mental disorders (n = 159) and phobias (n = 107). The results showed that the quilombola communities of Feira de Santana are vulnerable, which implies a need for social and health interventions to improve the living and health conditions of Quilombolas.


La exclusión social a la que están expuestas las comunidades de quilombolas, en Brasil, ha favorecido su vulnerabilidad socioeconómica y ambiental, lo que se traduce en condiciones precarias de vida y salud. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las condiciones de vida, salud y morbilidad reportadas por las comunidades de quilombolas en la región semiárida de Bahía. Este es un estudio transversal realizado en las comunidades de quilombolas de Matinha dos Pretos y de Lagoa Grande en el municipio de Feira de Santana (BA), con individuos adultos (≥ 18 años). Para recolectar los datos se utilizó tres instrumentos, y para analizarlos se aplicó el software Stata 14.0. De los 864 encuestados, el 63,0% son mujeres, el 47,8% están casados, con una edad promedio de 42,6 años (IC 95%: 41,1 ­ 44,2), y el nivel de estudios varía de 6 a 7 años de estudios. La mayoría realiza trabajos informales, especialmente en funciones relacionadas con la agricultura. Respecto a la vulnerabilidad ambiental, se destaca que el 99,5% de las viviendas no cuentan con alcantarillado. Se observó que la mayoría rara vez busca servicios de salud. Las enfermedades más prevalentes fueron: enfermedades de la columna, enfermedades parasitarias y presión arterial alta. Los principales problemas relacionados con la salud mental fueron: ansiedad (n = 231); trastornos mentales comunes (n = 159) y fobias (n = 107). Los resultados mostraron que las comunidades de quilombolas de Feira de Santana-BA son vulnerables, una condición que revela la necesidad de intervenciones sociales y de salud, con miras a mejorar las condiciones de vida y salud de quilombolas.


Subject(s)
Parasitic Diseases , Social Conditions , Ethnicity , Morbidity
17.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 34(4)oct.-dic. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1093463

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) son las principales causas de mala salud, muerte y discapacidad en todo el mundo. Una primera aproximación para identificar desigualdades en salud es analizar la asociación de las condiciones de vida de los territorios con el patrón diferencial de mortalidad por estas enfermedades. Objetivo: Identificar diferencias en la mortalidad por enfermedades no transmisibles seleccionadas según condiciones de vida. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se calcularon las tasas específicas por estratos. Para el análisis de la mortalidad prematura se calcularon de años de vida potencialmente perdidos en cada estrato. Las tasas fueron ajustadas por el método directo e indirecto. Resultados: La muerte por enfermedades cardiovasculares y los tumores malignos prevalecen en los estratos de condiciones de vida favorable y medianamente favorable, mientras que el riesgo de morir por causas externas es mayor en el estrato desfavorable. Los tumores malignos son la causa de muerte que mayor impacto tuvo en los años de vida potencialmente perdidos, principalmente en el estrato desfavorable. Conclusiones: Se evidenció un patrón diferencial en el riesgo de morir por enfermedades del corazón, los tumores malignos y las causas externas, dado por un exceso de las dos primeras en el estrato favorable y las causas externas en los estratos medianamente favorable y desfavorable, relacionándose directamente con el deterioro de las condiciones de vida(AU)


Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases are the main causes of a poor health, for death and disability worldwide. A first approach to identify health inequalities is to analyze the association between territorial living conditions and the differential pattern of mortality for these diseases. Objective: To identify differences in mortality due to noncommunicable diseases selected based on living conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out. We calculated the specific rates by strata. For the analysis of premature mortality, we calculated the years of life potentially lost in each stratum. The rates were adjusted by the direct and indirect method. Results: Death due to cardiovascular diseases and malignant tumors prevail in the strata of favorable and moderately favorable living conditions, while the risk of dying from external causes is greater in the unfavorable stratum. Malignant tumors are the cause of death that had the greatest impact in the years of life potentially lost, mainly in the unfavorable stratum. Conclusions: A differential pattern was observed in the risk of dying from heart diseases, malignant tumors and external causes, due to an excess of the first two in the favorable stratum and external causes in the moderately favorable and unfavorable strata, directly associated with deterioration of living conditions(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Conditions , Noncommunicable Diseases/mortality , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
18.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; Rev. cuba. salud pública;44(2)abr.-jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1042981

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La quema de combustibles sólidos en cocinas tradicionales en viviendas rurales del Perú, es una fuente importante de exposición a toxinas, sin embargo, las mujeres lo perciben positivamente. Objetivos: caracterizar una comunidad rural desde la perspectiva socioeconómica y sociocultural para interpretar las circunstancias vinculadas con la prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios en mujeres. Métodos: investigación de tipo cualitativo en 60 viviendas rurales de La Esperanza, Ancash, Perú, en las cuales se utilizaban cocinas tradicionales y cuyas amas de casa, presentaron alta prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios. Para describir la calidad ambiental de la cocina se midió el monóxido de carbono, y se indagó con las participantes la prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios y se les realizaron prueba de capacidad vital forzada. Se evaluó a través de una guía las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias de las viviendas y se organizaron grupos focales para recolectar información acerca de las percepciones de las mujeres. Resultados: Debido a las condiciones contaminantes y las prácticas cotidianas, la cocina fue un recinto de elevada vulnerabilidad para la salud respiratoria. Se puso de manifiesto una escasa percepción del riesgo para la salud asociado al uso de cocinas tradicionales. La persistencia de síntomas respiratorios fue considerada como algo natural. Conclusiones: Lo que las mujeres creen acerca de sus síntomas respiratorios es fundamental para su habitual forma de actuar. En ese sentido, los hallazgos contribuyen a guiar la implementación de nuevas estrategias para la prevención de estos síntomas, con la finalidad de modificar algunas de las circunstancias socioeconómicas y socioculturales que los condicionan(AU)


Introduction: The burning of solid fuels in traditional stoves, in rural homes in Peru, is an important source of exposure to toxins; however, women perceive it positively. Objectives: To characterize a rural community from a socioeconomic and sociocultural perspective to interpret the circumstances related to the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in women. Methods: Qualitative research in 60 rural homes in La Esperanza, Ancash, Peru, in which traditional stoves were used and whose housewives had a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms. To describe the environmental quality of the kitchen, carbon monoxide was measured, and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms was investigated with the participants, and forced vital capacity tests were performed. The hygienic-sanitary conditions of the dwellings were evaluated through a guide and focus groups were organized to collect information about the perceptions of the women. Results: Due to the polluting conditions and daily practices, the kitchen was an area of ​​high vulnerability for respiratory health. A low perception of the health risk associated with the use of traditional kitchens was revealed. The persistence of respiratory symptoms was considered as something natural. Conclusions: What women believe about their respiratory symptoms is fundamental to their usual way of acting. In this sense, the findings contribute to guiding the implementation of new strategies for the prevention of respiratory symptoms, in order to modify some of the socioeconomic and sociocultural circumstances that condition them(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Environmental Pollution/prevention & control , Fossil Fuels/toxicity , Peru
19.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; Rev. cuba. salud pública;44(1)2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1042970

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En Cuba, la producción de medicamentos está en manos del Estado, su acceso, calidad y seguridad está asegurada con las políticas correspondientes, pero es importante tener en cuenta los factores que influyen en el consumo de medicamentos según condiciones de vida. Objetivo: identificar las prácticas de consumo de medicamentos según condiciones de vida en la población del municipio Playa, La Habana. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal realizado durante el primer semestre de 2016. Para el tamaño muestral se consideró 51,4 por ciento, de prevalencia de consumo de medicamentos, 10 por ciento de precisión, 1,5 de efecto de diseño y 10 por ciento de no respuestas. Se obtuvo una muestra de 586 individuos. Resultados: Elevadas prevalencias de consumo de medicamentos con predominio del grupo con condiciones de vida menos favorable (81,5 por ciento). Las mujeres fueron las que mayores tasas presentaron,77,0 por ciento en el estrato con condiciones de vida medianamente favorable y 84,8 por ciento en el de menos favorables. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre los consumidores de medicamentos según condiciones de vida y nivel de escolaridad. Las mayores tasas de prevalencia del consumo de medicamentos se encontraron en el estrato menos favorable para todos los niveles de escolaridad. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias en el consumo de medicamentos según estrato de condiciones de vida. El medianamente favorable es el que menor per cápita familiar refleja lo que contrasta con su mayor nivel educacional y ser trabajadores del sector estatal. El género y la edad influyen en el consumo con independencia del estrato(AU)


Introduction. In Cuba, the production of medicines is in the hands of the State, its access, quality and safety is ensured with the corresponding policies, but it is important to take into account the factors that influence the consumption of medicines according to living conditions. Objective: to identify drug use practices according to living conditions in the municipality of Playa, Havana. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out during the first semester of 2016. For the sample size it was considered 51.4 percent, prevalence of drug consumption, 10 percent accuracy, 1.5 of design effect and 10 percent of no answers. A sample of 586 individuals was obtained. Results: High prevalence of drug consumption with predominance of the group with less favorable life conditions (81.5 percent). Women presented the highest rates, 77.0 percent in the stratum with moderately favorable life conditions and 84.8 percent in the least favorable. Significant differences were observed among drug users according to living conditions and level of schooling. The highest prevalence rates of drug use were found in the least favorable stratum for all levels of schooling. Conclusions: There are differences in the consumption of medications according to the stratum of living conditions. The moderately favorable is that the lowest per capita family reflects what contrasts with their higher educational level and be workers in the state sector. Gender and age influence consumption independently of the stratum(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Conditions , Access to Essential Medicines and Health Technologies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cuba
20.
An. venez. nutr ; 31(1): 13-26, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1021723

ABSTRACT

En la Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida (ENCOVI 2017), las características de la alimentación se obtienen mediante los patrones de compra de alimentos de los distintos grupos de la población según niveles de pobreza, y a través de la identificación de la severidad de la inseguridad alimentaria, los hábitos de alimentación dentro y fuera del hogar y las implicaciones que ellos tienen sobre el bienestar de los adultos. En 2017 continua la tendencia regresiva en la compra semanal de alimentos, esta se concentra en cereales 31,3% (arroz, harina de maíz, pan y pasta), tubérculos 9,3%, disminuyen carnes, pollo, leche, huevos, hortalizas y frutas y aumentan tubérculos (yuca) y leguminosas. Se reporta insuficiencia de alimentos y de ingresos (70%), inseguridad alimentaria (80%), presente en estos hogares, donde, la mitad no son pobres y su nivel educativo es medio y alto (empobrecimiento de la clase media), 27% de los entrevistados hacen dos o menos comidas diarias para unos 8,1 millones de personas en situación de hambre. La alimentación ha perdido cantidad y variedad, se ha transformado en una dieta anémica, debido a la ausencia de alimentos fuentes de hierro, zinc, vitamina A, complejo B y otros micronutrientes. En la Venezuela del Siglo XXI, 6 de cada 10 venezolanos perdieron aproximadamente 11 kg de peso en el último año por hambre. En los hogares pobres con inseguridad alimentaria habitan grupos vulnerables niños y mujeres en edad fértil, con grandes carencias alimentarias, de salud, de agua potable y vivienda. que limita los años de vida y compromete el desarrollo. Sin alimentación y sin salud, el desarrollo es imposible(AU)


The characteristics of the diet reported by the National Survey of Standard Living Conditions (ENCOVI 2017), are obtained through the food purchase patterns of the different groups of the population according to poverty levels, and through the identification of the severity level of the food insecurity, eating habits inside and outside the households and the implications that they have on the well-being of adults. In 2017 the regressive trend continues in the weekly purchase of food, which was concentrated in cereals 31.3% (rice, corn flour, bread and pasta), tubers 9.3%, and with a reduction in beef, chicken, milk, eggs, vegetables and fruits and showed an increase in tubers (yucca) and legumes. This study reports insufficient food and income (70%), and food insecurity (80%), present in these households, where half are not poor and their educational level is medium and high (meaning an impoverishment of the middle class), 27% of the interviewees make two or less daily meals, about 8.1 million people in situations of hunger. Food has lost quantity and variety, and has been transformed into an anemic diet, due to the absence of food sources of iron, zinc, vitamin A, B complex and other micronutrients. In the Venezuela of the XXI Century, 6 out of 10 Venezuelans lost approximately 11 kg of weight during the last year due to hunger. Within households with low and very low levels of food security are living vulnerable groups of children, women and men of childbearing age, with severe deficiencies in food, health, access to drinking water and vulnerable housing settings that limit the years of life and compromise the development. Without adequate food and without health, development is unreachable(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Social Conditions , Feeding Behavior , Food Supply , Poverty , Food Quality
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