Aesthetic perception of black spaces between lower incisors by laypeople of different ethnicities and age groups

Objective: To evaluate the degree of perception among lay people of different age groups about black spaces between lower incisors. Methodology: digital changes were performed in a frontal photograph of a smiling 30 year-old patient, simulating different dimensions of black spaces. The images were printed on photographic paper and applied with a questionnaire in order to evaluate the attractiveness using as tool a visual analogue scale (VAS). The participants were divided into 6 groups, considering race (Caucasian and Negroid) and age (15-19 years, 35-44 years and 65-74 years old). The differences between the examiners were checked by the Mann-Whitney test and the significance level was 5% (α = 0.05) for all analyzes. Results: The photographs that did not have black spaces were better graded and the ones that had larger black spaces scored worse. The older age group and the Negroid race group graded better the photograph with the largest black spaces, compared to the younger age groups and the group of Caucasians. Conclusion: black spaces between lower incisors are esthetically unattractive and their perception decreases with aging, besides being less relevant to older and Negroid people.

Time and sequence of eruption of primary teeth in relation to breastfeeding in sudanese children / Cronologia e seqüência de erupção de dentes decíduos em crianças sudanesas em relação ao aleitamento materno

Background: The eruption age at which the deciduous teeth start appearing in the oral cavity has been of great significance and interest to investigators and parents mainly due to its relation to the growth and development of the child. Objective: To determine the mean eruption time and sequence of primary dentition among a sample of Sudanese children in Khartoum localities and to investigate the effect of gender and breastfeeding pattern on the timing and sequence of eruption. Material and Methods: Random sample of 563 Sudanese children (283 boys and 280 girls) aging 4-40 months were clinically examined and inspected for the eruption of primary teeth. The age of eruption of the teeth was estimated using Probit regression. In addition, an independent sample t-test was used for the comparison between genders as well as exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding. Results: All the primary teeth erupted earlier in boys than in girls except the first primary molars. The first primary teeth to erupt were the mandibular central incisors at the mean age of 8.02 ± 3.28 months. No significant difference was found in the eruption time between right and left sides of jaws as well as between children with exclusive breastfeeding and non exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: The first primary teeth to erupt were mandibular central incisors, with a mean age of eruption 8.02 ± 3.28 months followed by maxillary central incisors; mean age of eruption 10.64 ± 3.75 months and maxillary second molars was the last teeth to be erupted, at 26.22 ± 5.29 months.

Introdução: A cronologia de erupção dos dentes decíduos na cavidade oral tem sido de grande importância e de interesse para pesquisadores e pais , principalmente devido sua relação com o crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança. Objetivo: Determinar a cronologia e sequência de erupção da dentição decídua em uma amostra de crianças sudanesas de localidades de Khartoum; e investigar o efeito do gênero e padrão de amamentação materna no tempo e sequência de erupção. Materiais e Métodos: Uma amostra aleatória de 563 crianças sudanesas (283 meninos e 280 meninas), com idade de 4-40 meses receberam exame clínico para verificar a erupção dos dentes decíduos. A idade de erupção dos dentes foi estimada por meio de regressão Probit . Além disso, foi utilizado o teste T para amostras independentes para comparação entre os gêneros e o aleitamento materno exclusivo e não exclusivo. Resultados: Todos os dentes decíduos irromperam mais cedo em meninos do que em meninas, exceto para os primeiros molares decíduos. Os primeiros dentes decíduos em erupção foram os incisivos centrais inferiores, com idade média de 8,02 ± 3,28 meses. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada no tempo de erupção entre os lados direito e esquerdo da mandíbula , bem como entre as crianças com aleitamento materno exclusivo e aleitamento materno não exclusivo. Conclusão: Os primeiros dentes decíduos em erupção foram incisivos centrais inferiores, com uma idade média de erupção 8,02 ± 3,28 meses, seguidos de incisivos centrais superiores,com idade de erupção de 10,64 ± 3,75 meses, e os segundos molares superiores foram os últimos dentes a irromperem, com 26,22 ± 5,29 meses.

Simultaneous Occurrence Of Missing Upper Incisors And Fused Lower Incisors ... A Rare Case Report.

Missing teeth are one of the most common developmental problems in children. The adult teeth are more frequently affected than the baby teeth. Fusion defined as the merger of two adjacent tooth germs producing one tooth. These teeth may be fused by enamel, dentin, or both. The fused crown is broader than non fused adjacent teeth and thus resembles gemination. However, tooth counting reveals decreased numbers. Fused teeth are rare in the permanent dentition. A case of simultaneous missing upper incisors and fused lower incisors is reported.

Alteração da inclinação dos incisivos inferiores e ocorrência de recessão gengival / Changes in lower incisor inclination and the occurrence of gingival recession

OBJETIVOS: o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se alterações na posição vestibulolingual dos incisivos inferiores em adolescentes podem predispor ao desenvolvimento de recessões gengivais. MÉTODOS: documentações de 189 adolescentes leucodermas (107 meninos e 81 meninas) pré e pós-tratamento ortodôntico foram selecionadas. Os pacientes apresentavam uma idade média de 11,2 ± 1,9 anos nos exames iniciais e 14,7 ± 1,8 anos nos exames finais. A presença de recessão gengival foi avaliada em modelos de estudo e em fotografias. A inclinação dos incisivos inferiores, em relação ao plano mandibular (IMPA) foi medida nos cefalogramas laterais pré e pós-tratamento e os casos foram divididos em proclinados, retroinclinados e inalterados. RESULTADOS: não foi observada associação significativa entre a alteração da inclinação dentária e a presença de recessões gengivais, utilizando o teste do qui-quadrado (p = 0,277). Foi observado que 107 pacientes (56,6 por cento) apresentaram os incisivos proclinados; 64 pacientes (33,9 por cento) com incisivos retroinclinados; e 18 pacientes (9,5 por cento) não apresentaram alteração na inclinação. Nos casos em que novas recessões gengivais ocorreram, 64,9 por cento foram vestibularizados, 26,3 por cento foram lingualizados e 8,8 por cento não apresentaram alteração na inclinação. No grupo de pacientes que apresentou migração coronal da margem gengival, 60 por cento foram movimentados para lingual, 30 por cento foram vestibularizados e 10 por cento não alteraram de posição. CONCLUSÕES: apesar de a porcentagem de casos que foram vestibularizados apresentar um maior número de novas recessões, esse não foi estatisticamente significativo.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether altering the labial-lingual position of lower incisors in adolescents might predispose to the development of gingival recession. METHODS: Records from 189 Caucasian adolescents (107 female and 81 male) pre and post orthodontic treatment were selected. Patients yielded mean ± SD values of initial records age 11.2 ± 1.9 years and final records age 14.7 ± 1.8 years. The presence of gingival recession was evaluated in models and photographs. The inclination of lower incisors to the mandibular plane angle (IMPA) was measured on lateral cephalograms, pre and post treatment. RESULTS: No significant association was observed between changes in tooth inclination and the presence of gingival recessions, based on chi-square analysis (p = 0.277). Data demonstrated that in 107 patients (56.6 percent) incisors were proclined, in 64 patients (33.9 percent) incisors were retroinclined and 18 patients (9.5 percent) did not show any changes in tooth inclination. In the cases where new gingival recessions occurred, 64.9 percent had been moved buccally, 26.3 percent had been moved lingually and 8.8 percent did not change inclination. In the group of patients that displayed coronal migration of the gingival margin, 60 percent were moved lingually, 30 percent were moved buccally and 10 percent did not change inclination. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the percentage of cases where teeth were proclined showed a larger number of new gingival recessions, it was not statistically significant.

Considerations of orthodontic aspect in three lower incisor cases / 대한치과교정학회지

Orthodontists have experienced the treatment of cases with three lower incisors. Occasionally a lower incisor was either congenitally missing or so seriously damaged by injury or disease that its removal presented the best prospect for the patient. Sometimes the intentional extraction of a lower incisor is needed to produce enhanced functional and esthetic results with minimal orthodontic manipulation. Such cases have unfavorable anterior tooth size discrepancies and present difficulties in achieving good occlusal results. However such difficulties can be overcome by the sensible diagnosis and treatment plan. Three different cases are presented and the conclusions are listed. 1. It is important for orthodontist who tries to treat three lower incisor cases to measure and calculate accurately the degree of deviation of tooth size and morphology and the anterior tooth size ratio. 2. A diagnostic setup model should be made to determine whether the incisor extraction is appropriate and space closure is needed or not. It is the best way to be sure that the occlusal results, including overbite and overjet, will be acceptable and how far the degree of midline deviation is. It also shows the amount of interproximal reduction to achieve an acceptable occlusal result. 3. The class I relationship between the upper canine and the lower one must be obtained to establish the canine rise during eccentric movement by the concept of mutually protective occlusion. It also helps to maintain the stable occlusal result.