ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivos Analizar las características del pluralismo terapéutico en torno al cáncer de adultos, atendidos en un hospital de cancerología, a partir de sus trayectorias de salud/enfermedad/atención-desatención. Métodos Estudio analítico-explicativo, etnográfico, transversal-aplicado y de carácter cualitativo. Se realizaron registros etnográficos, observación participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Para el artículo se tomaron los datos proporcionados por diez personas participantes con cáncer, atendidas en el Centro Estatal de Cancerología de Veracruz. La identificación de participantes se hará mediante seudónimos, para preservar la privacidad de datos personales. Los instrumentos de trabajo estuvieron conformados por guías de observación, guías de entrevistas semiestructuradas y expedientes clínicos del hospital mencionado. Resultados Se muestran dos resultados principales: 1) caracterización de la diversidad de terapias de acuerdo con las referencias de los participantes, y lo que utilizaron durante toda su trayectoria biográfica en torno a procesos salud/enfermedad/ atención-desatención; 2) identificación de los aspectos socioculturales que intervienen en estos procesos complejos de pluralidad terapéutica, estrechamente relacionados con la aparición del cáncer. Conclusión Los aspectos socioculturales están entretejidos con la pluralidad terapéutica emergente en los procesos complejos de la enfermedad del cáncer. La implicación de dichos factores en los procesos salud/enfermedad/atención-desatención al cáncer se manifiestan incluso antes de los primeros síntomas, es decir, en las acciones cotidianas del autocuidado y acciones de atención preventiva. El mestizaje terapéutico registrado da cuenta de los efectos de la globalización, característica de las sociedades capitalistas, en la que el pluralismo de terapias deviene en un fenómeno óptimo de comercialización y consumo.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objectives To analyze the characteristics of therapeutic pluralism in adult patients at a hospital Cancer Center, based on their health/illness/care-neglect trajectories. Methods Analytical-explanatory, ethnographic, transversal-applied qualitative study. Data was provided by ten participants with cancer treated at the Veracruz State Cancer Center. Ethnographic records, participant observation and semi-structured interviews were carried out using observational guides, semi-structured interview guides and hospital clinical records. Participants were identified with pseudonyms for privacy and confidentiality. Results Two main results were: 1) characterization of the diversity of therapies utilized by participants throughout their biographical trajectory related to their health/disease/care-neglect processes; 2) identification of the cultural characteristics involved in these complex processes of therapeutic plurality, closely related to the appearance of cancer. Conclusion Sociocultural aspects are interwoven with emerging therapeutic pluralities in the complex disease processes in cancer. The implications of these factors in the health/disease/care-neglect processes in cancer are manifest even before the first symptoms, in daily actions of self-care and preventive care. The mixing of therapies is an effect of the globalization characteristic of capitalist societies, in which therapeutic pluralism becomes an optimal phenomenon for commercialization and consumption.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Complementary Therapies/instrumentation , Anthropology, Medical/organization & administration , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Health Evaluation , Cross-Sectional Studies , MexicoABSTRACT
This study endeavors to overcome the limits of an orally transmitted pharmacopoeia, and tries to utilize the large ethnobotany patrimony of the area to investigate the biological diversity. Thirty-five traditional practitioners from dissimilar ethnic groups including traditional health practitioners (THPs) and indigenous people were interviewed. A total of 35 species of plants, belonging to 20 families were recognized for the treatment of more than 26 types of ailments. Informant consensus factor (FIC) values of this study reflected the high agreement in the use of plants in the treatment of gastro-intestinal complaints, infectious, parasitic diseases and constipation among the informants. Constipation had the highest use-reports and 8 species of plants had the highest fidelity level (FL) of 100%. In addition one of the species showed the highest relative importance (RI) value of 2.00. Priority should be given to phytochemical investigation of plants that scored the highest FL, FIC, RI values; as such values could be considered as a good indicator of potential plants for discovering new drugs. In addition, traditional knowledge of THPs should be taken into consideration in order to smooth continuation and extension of the nutraceutical aspects and biological diversity of the region.
Subject(s)
Plants/drug effects , Ethnobotany/trends , Biosphere/analysis , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Medicine, Traditional , Plants, Medicinal/toxicity , Dietary SupplementsABSTRACT
Fundamento: la homeopatía es una ciencia que atiende al paciente con un enfoque holístico; ha demostrado su validez en el tratamiento exitoso de determinadas dolencias. Objetivo: elaborar una miniguía como recurso de apoyo al médico homeópata para el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial. Métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional transversal en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, durante el año 2016. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo y sistémico-estructural; y empíricos: la encuesta en forma de cuestionario a los médicos diplomados en homeopatía para comprobar su nivel de conocimientos sobre el tema. Resultados: los autores consideran que la literatura sobre homeopatía resulta aún insuficiente, se evidenciaron carencias de conocimientos entre los profesionales encuestados y desactualización bibliográfica en los contenidos, por lo que se elaboró una miniguía homeopática que fue valorada por criterios de especialistas. Conclusiones: contiene la descripción de múltiples medicamentos homeopáticos para combatir la hipertensión arterial y fue valorada como útil, pertinente, factible, actualizada en sus contenidos y de valor científico-pedagógico por los especialistas consultados.
Background: homeopathy is a science that cares for the patient with a holistic approach; it has proven its validity in the successful treatment of certain ailments. Objective: to elaborate a mini-guide as a support resource for the homeopathic doctor for the treatment of high blood pressure. Methods: a cross-sectional observational research was carried out at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, during 2016. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive and systemic-structural; and empirical ones: the survey in the form of a questionnaire to doctors qualified in homeopathy to check their level of knowledge on the subject. Results: the authors consider that the literature on homeopathy is still insufficient, there was a lack of knowledge among the professionals surveyed and bibliographic outdating in content, so a homeopathic mini-guide was developed that was assessed by specialists. Conclusions: it contains the description of multiple homeopathic medicines to face high blood pressure and was assessed as useful, pertinent, feasible, updated in its contents and of scientific-pedagogical value by the specialists consulted.
Subject(s)
Homeopathy Broadcasting , Education, Medical , Homeopathy , Phytotherapy , Medicine, TraditionalABSTRACT
Fundamento: en el plan de estudio de la carrera de Medicina, la Medicina Natural y Tradicional responde a un encargo social de la universidad con el objetivo de contribuir a la integración de conocimientos. Objetivo: diseñar una estrategia curricular que permita la integración de Medicina Natural y Tradicional en la disciplina Medicina General Integral con vistas a su implementación. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo documental, en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Enrique Cabrera", en el período 2011-2016. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: el histórico-lógico y análisis-síntesis; y empíricos: análisis documental de los programas de las asignaturas de la disciplina de Medicina General Integral, el Plan de Estudio de la carrera de Medicina, y documentos relativos a las estrategias curriculares. Resultados: se constataron insuficiencias en los documentos revisados acerca de la aplicación de la estrategia curricular de Medicina Natural y Tradicional en la disciplina Medicina General Integral, las cuales fueron aseveradas por los informantes clave, quienes propusieron los contenidos susceptibles de ser incluidos en la propuesta diseñada. Conclusiones: la estrategia fue valorada por los especialistas como pertinente, integradora y con una estructura metodológica factible y flexible.
Background: in the curriculum of the Medicine career, Herbal and Folk Medicine responds to a social commitment of the university with the aim of contributing to the integration of knowledge. Objective: to design a curricular strategy that allows the integration of Herbal and Folk Medicine in the discipline Comprehensive General Medicine for its implementation. Methods: a documentary study was carried out at the "Enrique Cabrera" Faculty of Medical Sciences from 2011 to 2016. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical and analysis-synthesis; and empirical studies: documentary analysis of the programs of the subjects of the Comprehensive General Medicine discipline, the curriculum of the Medicine career, and documents related to curricular strategies. Results: shortcomings were found in the revised documents about the application of the curricular strategy of Herbal and Folk Medicine in the Comprehensive General Medicine discipline, which were asserted by key informants, who proposed the contents that could be included in the proposal designed. Conclusions: the strategy was considered by the specialists as pertinent, integrative and with a feasible and flexible methodological structure.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Medicine, TraditionalABSTRACT
Fundamento: el uso de los medios naturales, como métodos terapéuticos en el tratamiento de las enfermedades dolorosas constituye en la actualidad un reto para las ciencias médicas. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de la aplicación de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional como método terapéutico en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital General Docente Mártires de Mayarí. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, en pacientes con enfermedades dolorosas en la consulta de Medicina Natural y Tradicional, ubicada en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital General Docente Mártires de Mayarí del referido municipio, de octubre 2013 a marzo del 2014. El universo estuvo constituido por 180 pacientes con afecciones dolorosas que acudieron al servicio y que les fue indicado la aplicación de las diferentes modalidades de la terapéutica alternativa. La muestra no probabilística quedó constituida por 150 pacientes, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión establecidos para esta investigación, a los que se les aplicó tratamiento natural. Resultados: el grupo etáreo entre 50 y 60 años constituyó el de mayor incidencia, predominó el sexo masculino, el mayor porciento de pacientes pertenecen al nivel cultural obrero, solo el 20 % de la muestra tuvieron accesibilidad anterior a la terapéutica. La bursitis del hombro fue la enfermedad de mayor incidencia en tanto la moxibustión constituyó la técnica más utilizada. La mayoría de los pacientes tratados tuvieron evolución satisfactoria, su situación inicial se modificó con una única sesión de tratamiento y se recomendó la continuidad terapéutica en su área de salud. Conclusiones: la Medicina Natural y Tradicional es un método cómodo y barato que no requiere grandes recursos para su aplicación, no se reportan complicaciones durante la aplicación del tratamiento y se reduce el consumo de medicamentos al mínimo por parte de los mismos.
Background: the use of natural means, like therapeutic methods in the treatment of painful diseases, is a challenge for medical sciences nowadays. Objective: to asses the effectiveness of the application of Natural and Traditional Medicine as a therapeutic method in the emergency department of Mártires de Mayarí General Teaching Hospital, Mayarí, Holguín. Methods: an observational, descriptive, prospective study was conducted in patients with painful diseases who were seen at the Natural and Traditional Medicine consultation of the emergency department of Mártires de Mayarí General Teaching Hospital, Mayarí, Holguín from October 2013 to March 2014. The universe was composed of 180 patients with painful conditions who underwent the application of different treatments of alternative therapeutics. The non-probabilistic sample was composed of 150 patients who matched the inclusion criteria established for the research. These patients underwent natural treatment. Results: the age group between 50 and 60 years predominated as well as male sex. The greatest percent of patients belonged to the working class. Only the 20 % of the sample had had previous accessibility to the therapeutics. Shoulder bursitis was the disease with the greatest incidence, while moxibustion was the most used technique. Most patients had a satisfactory progress and got better with only one treatment session. It was recommended to continue the treatment in the health area of each patient. Conclusions: Natural and Traditional Medicine is a convenient and cheap method that does not require great resources for its application. Besides, no complications are reported during the treatments and the consumption of medicaments is minimized.
ABSTRACT
Este artigo apresenta uma atualização de alguns conceitosde educação popular e educação popular em saúde. A autora,a partir de sua vivência nos serviços de atenção primáriaem saúde, propõe alguns espaços educativos e a atuaçãoatravés de uma ação educativa emancipadora, baseada nosfundamentos da Educação Popular com a perspectiva dacomplexidade. Discute os espaços individuais, de grupos,de participação formal ou informal, e a ação educativa nocotidiano. Reconhece o papel da Educação Popular emSaúde para a discussão de uma mudança nos modos defazer a atenção primária em saúde.
This article offers an update regarding some concepts ofPopular * Education generally and for Health. The author,based on personal experience in primary care service provisionoffers some areas of opportunity for education andtheir attainment through emancipative health educationactivity. These are based on the principles of PopularEducation with a view of its complexity. She discussesthe opportunities for individuals and groups for formal orinformal participation, and educational activities in daily life.She recognizes the role of Popular Education for Healthin discussing changes in ways to call attention to the needfor basic health care.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Education , Population Education , Medicine, TraditionalABSTRACT
Estudo descritivo objetivando verificar se os herbolários oferecem as informações corretas para a utilização das plantas medicinais; se orientam os clientes acerca das possíveis intoxicações ou interação com os alopáticos; e se utilizam critérios para a comercialização dos fitoterápicos. Utilizou-se um questionário contendo questões abertas e fechadas envolvendo aspectos da atuação dos herbolários com os fitoterápicos. Os herbolários conhecem a maioria das plantas medicinais, entretanto, há lacunas acerca da indicação correta desses produtos, dos efeitos colaterais e toxicidade. Os herbolários carecem conhecer melhor os princípios ativos das ervas, as indicações terapêuticas, orientar os usuários acerca das possíveis interações farmacológicas ou intoxicações medicamentosas e a respeito da limpeza, armazenamento, tempo de vida útil e contra-indicações do produto.
Descriptive study which aims to verify if the herbalist offer the information correct for the use of the medicinal plants; if they give for the customers concerning the possible poisonings or interaction with the allopathic guide and also if there is a criteria for the commercialization of the phytotherapics. A questionnaire was used containing open and closed questions involving aspects of the performance of the herbalists with the phytotherapics. The herbalists know the majority of the medicinal plants, however, there are some gaps concerning the correct indication of these products, of the collateral effect and toxicities. The herbalist lack to better know the principles of the grass, the therapeutically indications active, to guide the users concerning the possible pharmacological interactions or medicaments poisonings and regarding the cleanness, storage, time of useful life and contraindications of the product.
Estudio descriptivo con los objetivos de verificar se los herbolarios ofrecen las informaciones correctas para la utilización de las plantas medicinales; se orientan los clientes acerca de las posibles intoxicaciones o interaciones con los alopáticos y se utilizan critérios para la comercialización de los fitoterápicos. Se utilizó una encuesta conteniendo preguntas subjetivas y también objetivas tratando de aspectos de la actuación de los herbolarios con los fitoterápicos. Los herbolarios conocen la mayoría de las plantas medicinales, por lo tanto, hay huecos acerca de la indicación correcta de esos productos, de los efectos colaterales y de la toxicidad. Esos profesionales carecen conocer mejor los princípios activos de las hierbas, las indicaciones terapeuticas, orientar los usuários sobre las posibles interacciones farmacológicas o intoxicaciones medicamentosas y a respeto de puntos como limpieza, armazenamiento, tiempo de vida útil y contra-indicaciones del producto.