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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 81(11): 961-969, Nov. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527886

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Research has shown that a fundamental frequency of 40 Hz in continuous neural oscillation is indicative of normal brain activity; in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients, these oscillations either disappear or are significantly interrupted. Research has also indicated that the degenerative impacts of AD in mice were mitigated by the synchronization of 40-Hz acousto-optic stimulation (AOS). Objective To examine the impact of employing a 40-Hz AOS intervention on the induction of a substantial 40-Hz frequency entrainment and improvement in working memory performance among a sample of young individuals in good health. We conduct an analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs) derived from electroencephalogram (EEG) data following the presentation of AOS. Methods We recruited 20 healthy volunteers (median age: 25 years; 8 female subjects). Following the administration of various stimuli, including no stimuli, 40-Hz AOS, pink noise, and 40Hz acoustic stimuli (AS), the participants were required to complete a working memory task. A total of 62 electrodes were used to record EEG data, which was subsequently analyzed to investigate the impact of AOS on the activity of working memory. We also aimed to determine if AOS lead to a more pronounced 40-Hz frequency entrainment. Results Following the administration of AOS, a notable enhancement in the 40-Hz power of pertinent cerebral areas was observed, accompanied by a substantial improvement in the performance of the subjects on working memory tests subsequent to the stimulation. Conclusion The findings unequivocally establish the efficacy of using AOS to enhance the 40-Hz power and working memory.


Resumo Antecedentes A pesquisa mostrou que uma frequência fundamental de 40 Hz em oscilação neural contínua é indicativa de atividade cerebral normal. Em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA), essas oscilações desaparecem ou são significativamente interrompidas. A pesquisa também indicou que os impactos degenerativos da DA em camundongos foram mitigados pela sincronização da estimulação acústico-óptica (EAO) de 40 Hz. Objetivo Examinar o impacto do emprego de uma intervenção EAO de 40 Hz na indução de um arrastamento substancial de frequência de 40 Hz e na melhoria do desempenho da memória de trabalho entre uma amostra de jovens com boa saúde. Conduzimos uma análise de potenciais relacionados a eventos (PREs) derivados de dados de eletroencefalograma (EEG) após a apresentação de EAO. Métodos Recrutamos 20 voluntários saudáveis (idade média: 25 anos; 8 mulheres). Após a administração de vários estímulos, incluindo nenhum estímulo, EAO de 40 Hz, ruído rosa e estímulos acústicos (EA) de 40 Hz, os participantes foram obrigados a completar uma tarefa de memória de trabalho. Um total de 62 eletrodos foram utilizados para registrar dados de EEG, que foram posteriormente analisados. para investigar o impacto do AOS na atividade da memória de trabalho. Também pretendemos determinar se o AOS leva a um arrastamento de frequência de 40 Hz mais pronunciado. Resultados Após a administração de AOS, foi observado um aumento notável na potência de 40 Hz de áreas cerebrais pertinentes, acompanhado por uma melhoria substancial no desempenho dos sujeitos em testes de memória de trabalho subsequentes à estimulação. Conclusão Os resultados estabelecem inequivocamente a eficácia do uso do AOS para melhorar a potência de 40 Hz e a memória de trabalho.

2.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 16(4): 418-432, Oct.-Dec. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421324

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT. The working memory (WM) training in older adults can benefit their cognition. However, there is a dearth of literature reviews on the subject. Objective: This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the effects of WM training on the cognition of healthy older adults, in individual and group interventions reported in the literature. Methods: This is a systematic review involving a qualitative analysis of publications on the SciELO, LILACS, and MEDLINE databases carried out between March and June 2021. Results: A total of 47 studies were identified and analyzed, comprising 40 in older adults only and 7 comparing older and younger adults, investigating individual or group WM training or other types of intervention focused on WM effects. Conclusions: Both individual and group intervention contributed to the maintenance and/or improvement of cognition in older adults exploiting brain plasticity to promote mental health and prevent cognitive problems that can negatively impact quality of life of this group.


RESUMO. O treino da memória operacional (WM) com idosos pode gerar benefícios em sua cognição. Entretanto, há escassez de revisões da literatura sobre o tema. Objetivo: Investigar e avaliar, na literatura, os efeitos do treino da WM na cognição de idosos saudáveis, em intervenções individuais e grupais. Métodos: Estudo de revisão sistemática realizado entre março e junho de 2021, utilizando-se as bases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). Resultados: Foram identificados e analisados 47 estudos, 40 apenas com idosos, e sete comparativos entre idosos e adultos mais jovens, que realizaram treino individual ou em grupo com foco nos efeitos na WM. Conclusões: Os trabalhos analisados mostraram que ambos os tipos de intervenções podem contribuir para a manutenção e/ou melhoria da cognição de pessoas idosas, aproveitando sua plasticidade cerebral e, portanto, para a promoção de sua saúde mental e para a prevenção de problemas cognitivos que podem interferir em sua qualidade de vida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Memory, Short-Term , Cognitive Aging
3.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 16(4): 444-456, Oct.-Dec. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421333

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an interstitial state between normal aging and dementia. Objective: In this study, we investigated working memory (WM) profiles of MCI patients using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). We also examined the diagnostic accuracy and possible associated factors as secondary outcomes of the study. Methods: We conducted an electronic search on EMBASE, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. Studies with MCI participants and using CANTAB battery subtests for the assessment of WM were included. Meta-analysis was conducted using the CMA2 software. Results: Out of 1537 records, 14 studies were covered in this systematic review, and 7 of them were included in the meta-analysis. There was a significant difference between MCI patients and healthy controls in spatial working memory (SWM) (SDM: 0.535; 95%CI 11-96; p-value=0.014), spatial span (SSP) (SDM: 0.649 95%CI 0.297-0.100; p-value<0.01), and rapid visual information processing (RVP) (SDM: 0.52; 95%CI 0.386-0.654; p-value<0.01). WM function of MCI patients was associated with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau-protein and amyloid-beta (Aβ). Conclusions: WM is an impaired cognitive domain in MCI. CANTAB WM subtests including SSP, SWM, and RVP are accurate enough to be used as a proper assessment tool for the diagnosis of MCI in clinical settings. Tau-protein and Aβ are associated with lower WM scores in MCI patients; however, sex, age, psychiatric disorders, apolipoprotein 4 allele, and functional activity scores cannot affect WM.


RESUMO O comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL) é um estado intersticial entre o envelhecimento normal e a demência. Objetivo: Neste estudo, investigamos os perfis de memória de trabalho (MT) de pacientes com CCL usando a bateria automatizada de testes neuropsicológicos de Cambridge (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery - CANTAB). Também examinamos a acurácia diagnóstica e possíveis fatores associados como desfechos secundários do estudo. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca eletrônica nas bases de dados EMBASE, PubMed e ScienceDirect. Foram incluídos estudos com participantes com CCL e utilizando subtestes da bateria CANTAB para avaliação da MT. A meta-análise foi realizada usando o software CMA2. Resultados: Dos 1.537 registros, esta revisão sistemática abordou 14 estudos, e 7 deles foram incluídos na meta-análise. Houve uma diferença significativa entre pacientes com CCL e controles saudáveis na memória de trabalho espacial (MTE) (DPM: 0,535; IC95% 11-96; valor p=0,014), spatial span (SSP) (SDM: 0,649; IC95% 0,297-0,100; valor p<0,01) e processamento rápido de informação visual (PRV) (DPM: 0,52; IC95% 0,386-0,654; valor p<0,01). A MT de pacientes com CCL foi associada com os níveis de proteína tau e beta-amiloide (Aβ) no líquido cefalorraquidiano (CSF). Conclusões: A MT é um domínio cognitivo prejudicado no CCL. Os subtestes CANTAB WM, incluindo SSP, MTE e PRV, são precisos o suficiente para serem usados como uma ferramenta de avaliação adequada para o diagnóstico de CCL em ambientes clínicos. A proteína Tau e Aβ estão associadas a pontuações de MT mais baixas em pacientes com CCL; entretanto, sexo, idade, transtornos psiquiátricos, alelo da apolipoproteína 4 e escores de atividade funcional não podem afetar a MT.


Subject(s)
Humans
4.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 16(3): 324-331, July-Sept. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1404469

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Early detection of decline in neurobehavioral (NB) performance requires reliable methods of testing. Although NB tests have been shown to be consistent and reliable in Western countries, there has been limited research in Asian populations. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of NB tests in a Thai adult population and examine the impact of demographic data on NB tests. The aspects of the tests chosen were memory, attention, hand-eye coordination, motor speed, and dexterity. Methods: The three NB tests used were digit span, Purdue Pegboard, and visual-motor integration. All three were administered to a population of 30 Thai adults. Results: The outcomes of all Pearson's correlation coefficient tests (r) were positive and greater than 0.60, and subtest-retest reliability correlation coefficients ranged from 0.63 (p<0.001) to 0.81 (p<0.001). Interestingly, the outcomes of all of these tests were not affected by demographic data, with the exception of the Purdue Pegboard test, in which performance on the preferred hand and both hands assessment was weakly associated with age (β=-0.09, p<0.001 and β=-0.08, p<0.05, respectively). Conclusions: NB tests have adequate reliability and are useful for the evaluation of clinical memory, attention, hand-eye coordination, motor speed, and dexterity in Thai adults. These tests were not affected by demographic data. However, further studies to measure the validity of the digit span, Purdue Pegboard, and visual-motor integration tests are needed.


RESUMO A detecção precoce do declínio no desempenho neurocomportamental (NC) requer métodos confiáveis de teste. Embora os testes NC tenham se mostrado consistentes e confiáveis em países ocidentais, as pesquisas em populações asiáticas ainda são limitadas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a confiabilidade de teste-reteste dos testes NC em uma população adulta tailandesa e o impacto dos dados demográficos nos testes NC. Os aspectos dos testes escolhidos foram memória, atenção, coordenação óculo-manual, velocidade motora e destreza. Métodos: Os três testes RC utilizados foram o digit span, o Purdue Pegboard e a integração visomotora. Todos os três foram usados em uma população de 30 adultos tailandeses. Resultados: Os resultados de todos os testes de coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r) foram positivos e superiores a 0,60, e os coeficientes de correlação de confiabilidade subteste-reteste variaram de 0,63 (p<0,001) a 0,81 (p<0,001). Curiosamente, os resultados de todos esses testes não foram afetados pelos dados demográficos, com exceção do teste Purdue Pegboard, no qual o desempenho na mão preferida e a avaliação de ambas as mãos foi fracamente associado à idade (β=-0,09, p<0,001 e β=-0,08, p<0,05, respectivamente). Conclusão: Os testes NC apresentam confiabilidade adequada e são úteis para avaliação da memória clínica, atenção, coordenação óculo-manual, velocidade motora e destreza em adultos tailandeses. Esses testes não foram afetados por dados demográficos. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos para medir a validade dos testes de digit span, Purdue Pegboard e IVM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Mental Disorders
5.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 16(1): 19-27, Jan.-Mar. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1384660

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT. Studies investigating amnesic patients have shown the involvement of the medial temporal lobe during working memory (WM) tasks, especially when multiple items or features have to be associated. However, so far, no study has examined the relationship between episodic memory and WM components in patients with amnesia for comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether the null retention relates to deficits in the episodic buffer (EB) or the central executive (CE) components of WM. Methods: This study included 15 amnesic patients with mixed etiologies and 13 matched healthy controls. These 15 amnesic patients with mixed etiologies were divided into two subgroups: NUL subgroup (n=7) patients whose raw score was 0 (zero) on the Logical Memory delayed recall test and MOR subgroup (n=8) patients who recalled at least 1 item. The EB was assessed by complex span tasks, and the CE was assessed by random number generation (RNG) test. Results: EB tasks were impaired in both subgroups compared with controls. RNG was impaired in NUL (p=0.03), but not in MOR (p=0.99), subgroup. Conclusions: CE impairment hampers the retrieval mode action, preventing it from initiating the mental reconstruction of the context in which the to-be-remembered information was presented minutes ago.


RESUMO. Estudos que investigaram pacientes amnésicos demonstraram envolvimento do lobo temporal medial durante tarefas de memória de trabalho, especialmente quando vários itens ou características devem ser associados. No entanto, até o momento, não há estudos que tenham examinado a relação entre memória episódica e os subcomponentes da memória de trabalho em pacientes com amnésia por meio de avaliação neuropsicológica ampla. Objetivo: Investigar se a retenção nula está relacionada a déficits no buffer episódico ou nos componentes do executivo central da memória operacional. Métodos: Quinze pacientes amnésicos com etiologias mistas foram divididos em dois subgrupos: subgrupo NUL (n=7), de pacientes cuja pontuação bruta foi 0 (zero) na memória lógica tardia, e subgrupo MOR (n=8), de pacientes que recordaram pelo menos um item; além de 13 controles saudáveis pareados. O retentor episódico foi avaliado por tarefas de spam complexo e o executivo central com geração aleatória de números. Resultados: As tarefas do retentor episódico estavam prejudicadas em ambos os subgrupos em comparação com os controles. O teste de geração aleatória de números foi prejudicado em NUL (p=0,03), mas não no subgrupo MOR (p=0,99). Conclusões: O comprometimento do executivo central dificulta a ação do modo de recuperação, impedindo-o de iniciar a reconstrução mental do contexto em que a informação a ser lembrada foi apresentada, minutos antes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cognitive Dysfunction
6.
Journal of Chinese Physician ; (12): 50-53,58, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-867203

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the difference of temporary memory system and brain biochemical metabolites between patients with depressive obsessive-compulsive disorder and simple obsessivecompulsive disorder.Methods From June 2017 to June 2018,31 patients with simple obsessive-compulsive disorder,33 patients with depressive obsessive-compulsive disorder and 25 healthy volunteers were selected as subjects.The temporary memory ability of the three groups was tested by n-back,Stoop color association test and digital breadth test.Three brain sublimation metabolites,N-acetylaspartate acid (NAA),choline complex (Cho) and creatine (Cr),were detected by proton magnetic resonance pop (1 H-MRS) in bilateral prefrontal white matter,anterior cingulate cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.The ratio of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr was calculated with Cr as reference material.Results The scores of Yale-brown obsessivecompulsive severity scale (Y-BOCS) and Hamilton depression rating scale 24 (HAMD24) in the patients with simple obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression obsessive-compulsive disorder group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group,and the scores of HAMD24 in the patients with depression obsessive-compulsive disorder group were significantly higher than those in the patients with simple obsessive-compulsive disorder group,with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).The number of correct n-back in the simple obsessive-compulsive group and the depressive obsessive-compulsive group was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (P <0.05).The digital span test (DST) scores of the patients in the simple obsessive-compulsive disorder group and the depressive obsessive-compulsive disorder group were (14.37 ± 2.96) and (12.39 ± 2.14),which were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group (17.46 ± 3.28) (P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr between the three groups (P > 0.05).Compared with the healthy control group,the NAA/Cr value of bilateral prefrontal white matter in the simple obsessive-compulsive group and the depression obsessivecompulsive group was significantly lower,and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusions Both patients with simple obsessive-compulsive disorder and depressive obsessive-compulsive disorder had speech memory impairment and bilateral prefrontal white matter nerve function decline,while depressive obsessive-compulsive disorder patients also had central executive memory impairment.

7.
Journal of Chinese Physician ; (12): 50-53,58, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-799135

ABSTRACT

Objective@#To investigate the difference of temporary memory system and brain biochemical metabolites between patients with depressive obsessive-compulsive disorder and simple obsessive-compulsive disorder.@*Methods@#From June 2017 to June 2018, 31 patients with simple obsessive-compulsive disorder, 33 patients with depressive obsessive-compulsive disorder and 25 healthy volunteers were selected as subjects. The temporary memory ability of the three groups was tested by n-back, Stoop color association test and digital breadth test. Three brain sublimation metabolites, N-acetylaspartate acid (NAA), choline complex (Cho) and creatine (Cr), were detected by proton magnetic resonance pop (1H-MRS) in bilateral prefrontal white matter, anterior cingulate cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. The ratio of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr was calculated with Cr as reference material.@*Results@#The scores of Yale-brown obsessive-compulsive severity scale (Y-BOCS) and Hamilton depression rating scale 24 (HAMD24) in the patients with simple obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression obsessive-compulsive disorder group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group, and the scores of HAMD24 in the patients with depression obsessive-compulsive disorder group were significantly higher than those in the patients with simple obsessive-compulsive disorder group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The number of correct n-back in the simple obsessive-compulsive group and the depressive obsessive-compulsive group was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (P<0.05). The digital span test (DST) scores of the patients in the simple obsessive-compulsive disorder group and the depressive obsessive-compulsive disorder group were (14.37±2.96) and (12.39±2.14), which were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group (17.46±3.28) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr between the three groups (P>0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, the NAA/Cr value of bilateral prefrontal white matter in the simple obsessive-compulsive group and the depression obsessive-compulsive group was significantly lower, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Both patients with simple obsessive-compulsive disorder and depressive obsessive-compulsive disorder had speech memory impairment and bilateral prefrontal white matter nerve function decline, while depressive obsessive-compulsive disorder patients also had central executive memory impairment.

8.
Chinese Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging ; (6): 10-14, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-734434

ABSTRACT

Objective To assess the characteristics of brain glucose metabolism in patients with early Parkinson's disease (PD) accompanied by visuospatial working memory impairment using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging.Methods Between January 2015 and March 2017,early PD patients with visuospatial working memory impairment (14 males,6 females,age:(55.7±6.7) years),early PD patients without visuospatial working memory impairment (13 males,7 females,age:(55.7±8.5) years) and healthy controls (14 males,6 females,age:(54.6±6.4) years) were included.Resting-state 18F-FDG PET was performed to obtain the brain glucose metabolism,Subsequently,statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to compare the brain glucose metabolic changes among different groups.Results Compared with the control group,hypermetabolism was observed in putamen,globus pallidus,thalamus,pons,cerebellum and primary motor cortex and hypometabolism was found in part of the occipital and temporal lobe in the groups ofearly PD (Zmax values:3.19-6.86,t values:2.11-9.96,all P<0.001).The PD group with visuospatial working memory impairment had hypometabolism regions in bilateral lateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex compared with the group without visuospatial working memory impairment.Conclusion Abnormal metabolism of glucose in visual processing channels of brain in early PD patients may be one of the causes of visuospatial working memory impairment.

9.
Rev. CEFAC ; 21(3): e19018, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013152

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: to determine whether undernutrition in the first years of life affects the phonological awareness skills, the phonological working memory and the school performance of children. Methods: the participants were children with a history of moderate/severe undernutrition during their first years of life (G1) who achieved nutritional recovery (n = 15). The performance of G1 in different cognitive tasks (phonological awareness at the syllable and phoneme level, phonological working memory - repetition of digits and pseudowords, and reading, writing and arithmetic activities) was compared to that of children with school difficulties (G2) (n = 15) and without school difficulties (G3) (n = 15), all eutrophic ones. Results: the performance of G1 was worse than that of the other two groups in all tasks evaluated (mean score of G1, G2 and G3 and p-values: phonological awareness: 31, 41, 57 - 0.01; repetition of direct order digits: 18, 23, 28 - 0.001; writing: 4, 10, 22 - 0.001; reading: 26, 45, 65-0.001; arithmetic: 4, 7, 11- 0.001). Conclusion: the results demonstrate that undernutrition affected the cognitive development, causing changes in important cognitive skills for the development of written language.


RESUMO Objetivo: analisar se a subnutrição sofrida por crianças nos primeiros anos de vida afetou suas habilidades de consciência fonológica, memória de trabalho fonológica e desempenho escolar. Métodos: participaram crianças com histórico de subnutrição moderada/grave nos primeiros anos de vida (G1) que foram recuperadas nutricionalmente (n = 15). O desempenho desse grupo (G1) em diversas tarefas cognitivas (consciência fonológica no nível da sílaba e do fonema, memória de trabalho fonológica - repetição de dígitos e de pseudopalavras, atividades de leitura, escrita e cálculo aritmético) foi comparado, ao desempenho de crianças com dificuldades escolares (G2) (n = 15) e sem dificuldades escolares (G3) (n = 15), todas eutróficas desde o nascimento. Resultados: observou-se pior desempenho (diferença estatística significante) de G1 em relação aos outros dois grupos em todas as tarefas avaliadas (pontuação média do G1, G2 e G3 e p-valores: Consciência fonológica: 31, 41, 57 - 0.01; Repetição de dígitos ordem direta: 18, 23, 28 - 0.001; Escrita: 4,10,22 - 0.001; Leitura: 26, 45, 65 - 0.001; Aritmética: 4, 7, 11 - 0.001). Conclusão: os resultados evidenciaram que a subnutrição em idade precoce afetou o desenvolvimento cognitivo (habilidades de consciência fonológica e memória de trabalho fonológica) e, por consequência prejudicou o desempenho acadêmico.

10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(6): 470-477, June 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-784194

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective The present study aimed to investigate cognitive and behavioural changes consistent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD -like behavior in male Wistar rats with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Method Male Wistar rats at 25 day of age were submitted to animal model of TLE by pilocarpine injection (350 mg/kg, ip) and a control group received saline 0.9%. The animals were continuously video monitored up to the end of experiments. The behavioural tests (open field, elevated plus maze and operant conditioning box) started from 60 days postnatal. Results Animals with TLE exhibited elevated locomotor activity, reduced level of anxiety-related behavior, impulsivity and impaired visuospatial working memory. Conclusion Taken as a whole, we concluded that animals with TLE exhibited some cognitive and behavioural changes consistent with ADHD-like behavior.


RESUMO Objetivo O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar as alterações cognitivas e comportamentais consistentes com o comportament de transtorno de deficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) -like em ratos Wistar machos com epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT). Método Ratos Wistar machos com 25 dias de vida foram submetidos a modelo animal de ELT pela injeção de pilocarpina (350 mg / kg, ip) e grupo controle recebeu salina 0,9%. Os animais foram monitorados continuamente por vídeo até ao final dos experimentos. Os testes comportamentais (campo aberto, labirinto em cruz elevado e caixa de condicionamento operante) começaram a partir de 60 dias pós-natal. Resultados Os animais com ELT exibiram aumento da atividade locomotora, redução do comportamento relacionado com a ansiedade, impulsividade e prejuízo da memória de trabalho visuospatial. Conclusão Em conjunto, concluímos que os animais com ELT apresentaram algumas alterações cognitivas e comportamentais consistentes com o comportamento TDAH-like.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/etiology , Maze Learning/physiology , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/complications , Exploratory Behavior/physiology , Executive Function/physiology , Reaction Time/physiology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Rats, Wistar , Disease Models, Animal , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology , Functional Laterality/physiology
11.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 82(1): 3-10, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-775700

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Keeping balance of the upright stance is a highly practiced daily task for healthy adults and is effectively performed without overt attentional control in most. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of concurrent cognitive tasks on postural sway in healthy participants. METHODS: This was a prospective study. 20 healthy volunteer subjects were included. The cognitive and balance tasks were performed separately and then, concurrently. Postural control task consisted of 6 conditions (C) of the Sensory Organization Test. The cognitive task consisted of digit rehearsal task of varying presentation and varying levels of difficulty. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was noted between dual task and no task for C1, C2, C3 and C4 Sensory Organization Test scores ( p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between dual task versus non-task for C5, C6 and combined Sensory Organization Test scores ( p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: During dual task, increase has been determined in postural sway for C1, C2, C3 and C4 for all presentation modes and difficulty levels of the cognitive tasks.


RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Manter o equilíbrio na postura vertical é uma tarefa cotidiana constantemente praticada por adultos saudáveis, e é efetivamente realizada pela maioria sem a necessidade de um controle atencional. OBJETIVO: A finalidade deste estudo foi examinar a influência de tarefas cognitivas concomitantes no equilíbrio postural de indivíduos saudáveis. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo em que participaram 20 voluntários saudáveis. As tarefas cognitivas e de equilíbrio foram realizadas separadamente; e em seguida, realizadas simultaneamente. A tarefa de controle postural consistiu em seis condições (C) do Teste de Organização Sensorial (TOS). A tarefa cognitiva consistiu na repetição de dígitos com apresentações variadas e vários níveis de dificuldade. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os escores do TOS para as condições C1, C2, C3 e C4 para "dupla tarefa" vs. "não tarefa" (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os escores do TOS para as condições C5 e C6 e para a combinação dos escores do TOS para "dupla tarefa" vs. "não tarefa" (p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Durante a realização de dupla tarefa, foram determinados aumentos na oscilação postural para as condições C1, C2, C3 e C4 para todos os modos de apresentação e níveis de dificuldade das tarefas cognitivas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Cognition/physiology , Postural Balance/physiology , Task Performance and Analysis , Healthy Volunteers , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Prospective Studies
12.
International Neurourology Journal ; : S141-S149, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-134027

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Exercise enhances memory function by increasing neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and circadian rhythms modulate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The circadian rhythm-dependent effects of treadmill exercise on memory function in relation with neurogenesis were investigated using mice. METHODS: The step-down avoidance test was used to evaluate short-term memory, the 8-arm maze test was used to test spatial learning ability, and 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine immunofluorescence was used to assess neurogenesis. Western blotting was also performed to assess levels of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein, early growth response protein 1, postsynaptic density protein 95, and growth-associated protein 43. The mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 1 group started exercising 1 hour after sunrise, the mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 6 group started exercising 6 hours after sunrise, and the mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 13 group started exercising 1 hour after sunset. The mice in the exercise groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 minutes once a day for 7 weeks. RESULTS: Treadmill exercise improved short-term memory and spatial learning ability, and increased hippocampal neurogenesis and the expression of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins. These effects of treadmill exercise were stronger in mice that exercised during the day or in the evening than in mice that exercised at dawn. CONCLUSIONS: Treadmill exercise improved memory function by increasing neurogenesis and the expression of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins. These results suggest that the memory-enhancing effect of treadmill exercise may depend on circadian rhythm changes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Blotting, Western , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor , Circadian Rhythm , Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein , Early Growth Response Protein 1 , Exercise Test , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , GAP-43 Protein , Hippocampus , Learning , Memory , Memory, Short-Term , Neurogenesis , Neuronal Plasticity , Post-Synaptic Density , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases , Spatial Learning
13.
International Neurourology Journal ; : S141-S149, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-134026

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Exercise enhances memory function by increasing neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and circadian rhythms modulate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The circadian rhythm-dependent effects of treadmill exercise on memory function in relation with neurogenesis were investigated using mice. METHODS: The step-down avoidance test was used to evaluate short-term memory, the 8-arm maze test was used to test spatial learning ability, and 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine immunofluorescence was used to assess neurogenesis. Western blotting was also performed to assess levels of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein, early growth response protein 1, postsynaptic density protein 95, and growth-associated protein 43. The mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 1 group started exercising 1 hour after sunrise, the mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 6 group started exercising 6 hours after sunrise, and the mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 13 group started exercising 1 hour after sunset. The mice in the exercise groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 minutes once a day for 7 weeks. RESULTS: Treadmill exercise improved short-term memory and spatial learning ability, and increased hippocampal neurogenesis and the expression of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins. These effects of treadmill exercise were stronger in mice that exercised during the day or in the evening than in mice that exercised at dawn. CONCLUSIONS: Treadmill exercise improved memory function by increasing neurogenesis and the expression of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins. These results suggest that the memory-enhancing effect of treadmill exercise may depend on circadian rhythm changes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Blotting, Western , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor , Circadian Rhythm , Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein , Early Growth Response Protein 1 , Exercise Test , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , GAP-43 Protein , Hippocampus , Learning , Memory , Memory, Short-Term , Neurogenesis , Neuronal Plasticity , Post-Synaptic Density , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases , Spatial Learning
14.
São Paulo med. j ; 133(2): 78-83, Mar-Apr/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746653

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Mouth breathing syndrome is very common among school-age children, and it is possibly related to learning difficulties and low academic achievement. In this study, we investigated working memory, reading comprehension and arithmetic skills in children with nasal and mouth breathing. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study with control group conducted in a public university hospital. METHODS: 42 children (mean age = 8.7 years) who had been identified as mouth breathers were compared with a control group (mean age = 8.4 years) matched for age and schooling. All the participants underwent a clinical interview, tone audiometry, otorhinolaryngological evaluation and cognitive assessment of phonological working memory (numbers and pseudowords), reading comprehension and arithmetic skills. RESULTS: Children with mouth breathing had poorer performance than controls, regarding reading comprehension (P = 0.006), arithmetic (P = 0.025) and working memory for pseudowords (P = 0.002), but not for numbers (P = 0.76). CONCLUSION: Children with mouth breathing have low academic achievement and poorer phonological working memory than controls. Teachers and healthcare professionals should be aware of the association of mouth breathing with children's physical and cognitive health. .


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A síndrome da respiração oral é muito comum em crianças em idade escolar, e está possivelmente relacionada a dificuldades de aprendizagem e baixo rendimento escolar. Neste estudo, investigamos memória operacional, compreensão de leitura e habilidades aritméticas em crianças com respiração nasal e oral. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal analítico com grupo controle realizado em hospital universitário público. MÉTODOS: 42 crianças (média = 8,7 anos) identificadas com respiração oral foram comparadas a um grupo controle (média = 8,4 anos) e pareadas por idade e escolaridade. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a entrevista clínica, audiometria tonal, avaliação otorrinolaringológica e avaliação cognitiva da memória operacional fonológica (números e pseudopalavras), compreensão de leitura e aritmética. RESULTADOS: Crianças com respiração oral tiveram desempenho significativamente inferior ao de respiradores nasais em compreensão de leitura (P = 0,006), aritmética (P = 0,025) e memória operacional para pseudopalavras (P = 0,002), mas não para números (P = 0,76). CONCLUSÕES: Crianças com respiração oral apresentam baixo rendimento escolar e menor memória operacional fonológica em comparação ao grupo controle. Professores e profissionais da saúde devem atentar para a associação da respiração oral com a saúde física e cognitiva das crianças. .


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Comprehension/physiology , Mathematics , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Mouth Breathing/physiopathology , Reading , Audiometry, Pure-Tone , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Syndrome , Underachievement
15.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. [96] p. graf, tab, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-870740

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O presente estudo comparou o desempenho de crianças brasileiras com distúrbio específico de linguagem (DEL), transtorno fonológico (TF) e desenvolvimento típico de linguagem (DTL) em memória de curto prazo e operacional nas modalidades verbal e visuoespacial. A hipótese central do estudo era de que o grupo com distúrbio específico de linguagem teria um desempenho aquém do observado nos demais grupos, nos dois tipos de memória e nas duas modalidades, enquanto o grupo com transtorno fonológico teria prejuízos apenas na modalidade verbal. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 60 crianças de ambos os gêneros e com faixa etária entre 5 anos e 6 anos e 11 meses, divididas igualmente em três grupos, com base em seu desenvolvimento de fala e linguagem. Todas apresentavam audição normal e rendimento intelectual não verbal adequado. Para a caracterização dos sujeitos, foram avaliados vocabulário expressivo, fonologia, discriminação auditiva para fonemas e nível socioeconômico. A avaliação experimental foi composta pelo teste de memória de curto prazo fonológica e por oito tarefas do Automated Working Memory Assessment, que avalia a combinação dos dois tipos de memória e suas duas modalidades (curto prazo verbal, operacional verbal, curto prazo visuoespacial e operacional visuoespacial). Resultados: A comparação entre os tipos e as modalidades de memória revelou que os três grupos apresentaram o mesmo padrão. Na modalidade verbal, o melhor desempenho ocorreu na memória de curto prazo, enquanto na modalidade visuoespacial, ocorreu na memória operacional. Já na memória de curto prazo, o melhor desempenho ocorreu nas tarefas verbais, enquanto na memória operacional, ocorreu nas tarefas visuoespaciais. A comparação entre os grupos revelou que os sujeitos com DEL tiveram desempenho inferior aos dois outros grupos em todas as combinações de tipos e modalidades de memória, com exceção da memória de curto prazo verbal e operacional visuoespacial, nas quais obtiveram...


Introduction: The present study compared the performances of Brazilian children with specific language impairment (SLI), speech sound disorder (SSD) and typical language development (TLD) on verbal and visuospatial measures of short-term (STM) and working memory (WM). The central hypothesis of the study was that children with SLI would present poorer performances on both types and domains of memory when compared to the other groups, while children with SSD would present deficits restricted to the verbal domain. Methods: Participants were sixty children aged 5- to 6-years of both genders. Participants were divided into three groups based on their speech and language development. All children presented hearing thresholds within normal limits and presented appropriate nonverbal intellectual performance. In order to characterize the children, we assessed expressive vocabulary, phonology, auditory phoneme discrimination and socioeconomic status. The experimental assessment was composed by a phonological short-term memory test and by eight tasks based on the Automated Working Memory Assessment. This battery assesses both types and domains of memory (verbal STM, verbal WM, visuospatial STM and visuospatial WM). Results: The comparison between types and domains of memory revealed that groups exhibited the same pattern: on verbal domain they performed better on STM while on visuospatial domain they performed better on WM; on STM they performed better on verbal tasks while on WM they performed better on visuospatial tasks. Intergroup comparison revealed that children with SLI performed worse than their peers on both types and domains of memory, except on verbal STM and visuospatial WM in which they performed similarly to children with SSD. In contrast, children with SSD performed worse than children with TLD only on verbal domain. Age and socioeconomic status showed no influence on children`s performance, but nonverbal intellectual performance,...


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Child Language , Language , Language Development , Language Development Disorders , Language Disorders , Memory , Memory, Short-Term , Speech Disorders , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences
16.
Rev. CEFAC ; 15(3): 552-560, maio-jun. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-679460

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: avaliar a memória de trabalho analisando a capacidade de retenção de estímulos auditivos (span verbal) e visuais (span visual) e estabelecer a relação com o gênero (masculino e feminino). MÉTODO: participaram deste estudo 20 crianças entre seis anos e cinco meses e sete anos, sendo 10 sujeitos do sexo masculino e 10 sujeitos do sexo feminino. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos às provas de avaliação do span verbal e visual em ordem direta e inversa. RESULTADOS: apenas na prova de palavras dissílabas com fonologia semelhante e semântica diferente do span verbal, houve variância significante entre os gêneros. As crianças do sexo feminino apresentaram melhor desempenho em relação ao outro gênero, bem como maior capacidade de retenção de palavras dissílabas com fonologia e semântica diferentes. No span visual (ordem direta e inversa) as crianças do sexo masculino obtiveram melhor desempenho, apesar de não ter diferenças significantes. Em relação à idade não houve diferença de retenção de estímulos. CONCLUSÃO: as crianças do sexo feminino, neste estudo, apresentaram tendência à melhor desempenho do span verbal e as crianças do sexo masculino tendência a melhor desempenho no span visual. No entanto, o estudo é limitado devido ao reduzido número de participantes na amostra.


PURPOSE: to evaluate the working memory analyzing the retention ability of auditory stimuli (verbal span) and visual stimuli (visual span), and to establish its relation to gender (male and female). METHOD: 20 subjects - 10 female children and 10 male children - from six and five months to seven years old took part in this study. All subjects were submitted to evaluation tests for both verbal and visual spans in direct and inverse orders. RESULTS: there was a significant variance between genders only in the test involving disyllabic words with phonology similar to and semantics different from verbal span. Female children showed a better performance in relation to the other gender, as well as a better retention ability as for two-syllable words with different phonology and semantics. In the tests for visual span (direct and inverse orders) the male children showed a better performance, but the differences were not significant. In relation to age, there was no any difference in the retention of stimuli. CONCLUSION: in this study, female children showed a trend to achieve a better performance in the verbal span, and the male children showed a trend to achieve a better performance in the visual span. However, this study is limited, due to the reduced number of subjects in the sample.

17.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 63(3): 301-306, maio-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-675850

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Neste estudo, objetivamos avaliar a memória implícita e explícita em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia abdominal sob anestesia venosa total (AVT) com propofol e remifentanil, na qual o nível de anestesia foi controlado pelo monitoramento do índice bispectral (BIS). MÉTODO: Anestesia venosa total foi administrada a 60 pacientes adultos para obter níveis de BIS de 40-60. Os pacientes foram randomicamente divididos em três grupos, de acordo com as gravações que ouviram. Os pacientes do grupo categoria (CT) ouviram uma fita gravada contendo cinco nomes de animais. Os pacientes do grupo recordar palavras (RP) ouviram uma fita gravada contendo cinco palavras de frequência média na língua turca, depois de adaptadas. Os pacientes do grupo controle (GC) ouviram os sons do mar até o fim da cirurgia. Duas horas após a cirurgia, os testes foram administrados a cada paciente na sala de recuperação para avaliar a memória. RESULTADOS: Houve uma diferença entre os escores dos grupos CT e GC no Miniexame do Estado Mental (MMSE); todos os escores foram > 20. Os resultados dos testes de categoria e recordar palavras, aplicados para avaliar a memória implícita, não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos. Não houve evidência de memória implícita em nenhum dos pacientes. Um paciente lembrou-se de ouvir "o som de água" como uma prova de memória explícita. Onze pacientes declararam não ter sonhado. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de não termos encontrado nenhuma evidência de memória implícita sob anestesia adequada com AVT, um paciente apresentou memória explícita. Embora a profundidade adequada da anestesia fornecida pelo monitoramento do BIS corrobore nossos resultados para a memória implícita, ela não explica os resultados para a memória explícita.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to assess implicit and explicit memory in patients who had abdominal surgery under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and remifentanil, in which anesthesia level was controlled by bispectral index (BIS) monitoring. METHOD: Total intravenous anesthesia was administered to 60 adult patients, to obtain BIS levels of 40-60. Patients were randomly allocated to three groups according to tapes they listened to. Patients in the category group (CT) listened to a tape containing five animal names. Patients in the word recognition group (WM) listened to a tape containing five intermediate-frequency words, adapted into Turkish. Patients in the control group (CG) listened to sea sounds until the end of surgery. Two hours after surgery, tests were administered to each patient in the recovery room to assess memory. RESULTS: There was a difference between the CT and CG groups in their Mini-Mental State Examination scores, all values were > 20. The results of the category and word recognition tests that were applied to assess implicit memory were not statistically different among the groups. There was no evidence of implicit memory in any of the patients. One patient remembered hearing 'the sound of water' as a proof of explicit memory. Eleven patients said they had dreamt. CONCLUSIONS: Although no evidence of implicit memory under adequate anesthesia with TIVA was found, one patient showed explicit memory. Although adequate depth of anesthesia provided by BIS monitoring supports our implicit memory results, it does not explain the explicit memory results.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: En este estudio evaluamos la memoria implícita y explícita en pacientes sometidos a la cirugía abdominal bajo anestesia venosa total (AVT), con propofol y remifentanilo, en la cual el nivel de anestesia fue controlado por el monitoreo del índice bispectral (BIS). MÉTODO: Anestesia venosa total que fue administrada a 60 pacientes adultos para obtener niveles de BIS de 40-60. Los pacientes fueron aleatoriamente divididos en tres grupos de acuerdo con las grabaciones que oyeron. Los pacientes del grupo categoría (CT) oyeron una cinta grabada que contenía cinco nombres de animales. Los pacientes del grupo recordar palabras (RP), escucharon una cinta grabada que contenía cinco palabras de frecuencia media en lengua turca, después de haber sido adaptadas. Los pacientes del grupo control (GC) oyeron los sonidos del mar hasta el final de la cirugía. Dos horas después de la cirugía, los test fueron administrados a cada paciente en la sala de recuperación para evaluar la memoria. RESULTADOS: Hubo una diferencia entre las puntuaciones de los grupos CT y GC en el Mini Examen del Estado Mental (MMSE) y todas las puntuaciones fueron > 20. Los resultados de los test de categoría y recordar palabras aplicados para evaluar la memoria implícita no fueron estadísticamente diferentes entre los grupos. No hubo evidencia de memoria implícita en ninguno de los pacientes. Un paciente recordó escuchar "el sonido del agua" como una prueba de memoria explícita. Once pacientes dijeron que no habían soñado. CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de no haber encontrado ninguna evidencia de memoria implícita bajo anestesia adecuada con AVT, un paciente tuvo memoria explícita. Aunque la profundidad adecuada de la anestesia suministrada por el monitoreo del BIS corrobore nuestros resultados para la memoria implícita, ella no explica los resultados para la memoria explícita.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Anesthesia, General/psychology , Anesthesia, Intravenous/psychology , Memory , Prospective Studies
18.
CoDAS ; 25(2): 110-114, 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-678187

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Investigar as habilidades de consciência fonológica e memória de trabalho, bem como a sua influência no processo de alfabetização em um grupo de crianças intelectualmente normais. MÉTODOS: Participaram desta pesquisa 40 crianças de 7 anos e 6 meses a 8 anos, intelectualmente normais, dos segundo e terceiro anos do ensino fundamental. Estas foram organizadas em dois grupos com 20 cada, sendo um com dificuldade na alfabetização, e outro sem alterações nesse processo. Esses participantes foram submetidos ao teste RAVEN do quociente de inteligência, à avaliação audiométrica, ao teste de Consciência Fonológica - Instrumento de Avaliação Sequencial, à prova escrita de ditado e ao teste de memória de trabalho. RESULTADOS: Os indivíduos que se encontram na fase alfabética apresentaram bom desenvolvimento da consciência fonológica e 85% deles, elevado desempenho da memória de trabalho. As crianças na fase silábico-alfabética apresentaram alterações na consciência fonológica e 91,6% delas mostraram um mediano desempenho da memória de trabalho. Os sujeitos que se encontram nas fases silábica e pré-silábica tiveram mais dificuldades na consciência fonológica do que aqueles na silábico-alfabética, e obtiveram um baixo desempenho da memória de trabalho. Houve diferença entre as médias dos grupos para os testes CONFIAS e memória de trabalho (p<0,0001). Houve uma correlação também significativa, r=0,78, com p=0,01, entre as habilidades de consciência fonológica e memória de trabalho para o total de sujeitos da amostra. CONCLUSÕES: Verificou-se que, na medida em que os níveis de consciência fonológica e memória de trabalho se elevam, a fase de alfabetização da criança também avança, sendo, portanto, medidas diretamente proporcionais.


PURPOSE: To investigate phonological awareness and working memory skills as well as their influence on the literacy process in a group of intellectually normal children. METHODS: Forty intellectually normal children (7.6-8.0 years) from the second and third grades of elementary school participated. Children were organized in two groups (20 children each): one with and another without literacy difficulties. These participants underwent RAVEN's intelligence quotient test, audiometric assessment, CONFIAS test of phonological awareness, written spelling task, and working memory test. RESULTS: Children in the alphabetic phase presented a good development of phonological awareness, and 85% of them showed a high-performance working memory. Children in the syllabic-alphabetic phase had changes in phonological awareness, and 91.6% of them showed an average working memory performance. The subjects at pre-syllabic and syllabic phases demonstrated more difficulties in phonological awareness than those at syllabic-alphabetic and had a poor working memory performance. Between-group differences were observed for CONFIAS and working memory tests (p<0.0001). There was also a significant correlation (r=0.78, p=0.01) between the skills of phonological awareness and working memory for the total sample of individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, it was found that as phonological awareness and working memory levels increased, the literacy phase also advanced, therefore showing that these are directly proportional measures.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Memory, Short-Term , Phonetics , Speech Perception/physiology , Awareness , Child Language , Language Tests , Learning , Pattern Recognition, Visual , Reading , Task Performance and Analysis , Writing
19.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Fonoaudiol ; 17(2): 196-200, abr.-jun. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-639582

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar se há influência da idade no desempenho fonológico e na memória operacional e se há correlação entre o desempenho em prova de memória operacional fonológica e o índice de gravidade da alteração fonológica em crianças com alteração específica de linguagem. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 30 sujeitos com diagnóstico de alteração específica de linguagem, com idades entre 4 e 6 anos. Foram coletados dos prontuários dados referentes ao desempenho nas provas de memória operacional fonológica e fonologia (utilizando o índice de Porcentagem de Consoantes Corretas - Revisado). Análises estatísticas pertinentes foram realizadas. RESULTADOS: Não houve influência da idade para a fonologia e para a memória operacional, mas houve correlação positiva na comparação do desempenho na prova de memória operacional fonológica com ambas as tarefas da prova de fonologia. CONCLUSÃO: A idade não favorece o aprimoramento das habilidades fonológicas e de memória operacional fonológica. Porém, há correlação positiva entre a memória operacional fonológica e o índice de gravidade da alteração fonológica, o que significa que quanto melhor a produção de fala, melhor o desempenho da memória operacional fonológica.


PURPOSE: To verify whether age influences phonological performance and working memory, and whether there is correlation between phonological working memory and severity of phonological disorders in children with language impairment. METHODS: Participants were 30 children diagnosed with language impairment, with ages ranging from 4 to 6 years. Data from the assessment of phonological working memory and phonology (measured by the Percentage of Consonants Correct - Reviewed) were collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Age did not influence phonology and phonological working memory, but there was positive correlation in the comparison between performances on phonological working memory and both phonology tasks. CONCLUSION: Age does not support the improvement of phonological abilities and phonological working memory. However, there is positive correlation between phonological working memory and the severity of phonological disorders, suggesting that the better the speech production, the better the phonological working memory.

20.
Rev. CEFAC ; 14(3): 438-447, mayo-jun. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-640889

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: avaliar a memória operacional fonológica e relacionar com a impulsividade de pacientes em tratamento no Centro de Atenção Integrada à Saúde Mental. MÉTODO: 29 usuários: 21 do gênero masculino e 8 do feminino, usuários de substâncias psicoativas, com 37,9±10,5 anos de idade e 10,59±3,53 anos de escolaridade; e 30 voluntários: 19 do gênero masculino e 11 do feminino, com 32,4±11,9 anos de idade e 11,07±3,29 anos de escolaridade, sem histórico psiquiátrico ou de dependência química foram convocados à avaliação de: 1) memória operacional para palavras e pseudo-palavras; 2) impulsividade em seus fatores de segunda ordem (impulsividade atencional, motora e de não planejamento). RESULTADOS: o desempenho dos usuários de substâncias psicoativas na avaliação da memória em comparação ao grupo controle foi pior tanto no span auditivo de palavras e pseudo-palavras como também no número total de recordação de palavras e pseudo-palavras. Na avaliação da impulsividade, os usuários apresentaram escores elevados em contraposição aos sujeitos controle em todos os subtipos de impulsividade, inclusive no total. Na análise de correlação dos dados não foram encontradas relações entre os escores de impulsividade e memória. CONCLUSÃO: : este padrão de respostas indica comprometimento da memória operacional fonológica provavelmente independente do alto nível de impulsividade apresentado pelos usuários de drogas. Estas análises contribuem para propor estratégias de tratamento direcionadas às alterações detectadas.


PURPOSE: to evaluate the phonological working memory abilities and check possible influences of impulsivity in patients starting treatment at the program for Alcohol and Drug users at CAISM. METHOD: 29 patients: 21 males and 8 females, drug users, 37.9±10.5 year old and with 10.59±3.53 years of schooling; and 30 volunteers: 19 males and 11 female, 32.4±11.9 year old and 11.07±3.29 years of schooling, with no psychiatric history or substance abuse freely participated. The subjects were asked to attend the specific evaluation, aiming to assess: 1) phonological working memory for words and pseudowords, 2) impulsivity in its second order factors (attention impulsiveness, motor and non-planning). RESULTS: concerning the performance of the subjects in the drug users' group in the evaluation of phonological working memory when compared to the control group we found a reduction in both the auditory word span and pseudowords, as well as the total number of correct recalls of words and pseudowords. In the evaluation of impulsivity, the group of drug users had high scores comparing to control subjects in all subtypes related to impulsivity, including the total score of impulsivity. There were no correlations among impulsivity scores and words and/or pseudowords' span. CONCLUSION: this pattern of responses indicates impairment in verbal working memory processing and high level of impulsivity in this population of chronic drug users. The poor performance of chronic drug users on all tests of phonological working memory is probably not due to the increased noted impulsivity. These analyses help to plan treatment strategies intended towards the detected alterations.

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