To Study the Association of Cerebrovascular Disease with Metabolic Syndrome in Western Uttar Pradesh

Objective: To Study the association of cerebrovascular disease with metabolic syndrome. Methods: A Total 104 patients were included in this study & investigated for cerebrovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome or not. A study of presence or absence of metabolic syndrome in cerebrovascular disease was done. P value was calculated by using analysis of variance test (ANOVA) & P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Total 104 patients were included in this study in 72 patients (69.23%) were suffering from metabolic syndrome and 32 patient (30.77%) were not suffering from metabolic syndrome. Most of the patients suffering from cerebrovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome were of older age groups (61.11%)>61 years. Second most common group was (22.22%) 51-60 years. Other patients of cerebrovascular disease not suffering from metabolic syndrome (56.25%) in 51-60 years followed by (31.25%) in 41-50 years. Amongst the patients suffering from cerebrovascular accident and metabolic syndrome males outnumbered females, although this data is not statistically significant p=0.4. Among the Cerebrovascular accident patient group prevalence was highest therefore raised fasting blood sugar (n=58) (80.55%) and low HDL values (75.2%), whereas it was highest for Hypertension (88.89%). In the cerebrovascular accident group out of total 104 patients 72%(n=72) were suffering from metabolic syndrome and 30.77%(n=32) were not suffering from metabolic syndrome there is positive correlation between metabolic syndrome and cerebrovascular accident .Using Test for equality for proportion (zscore) this data is found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: In cerebrovascular accident group (total patients =104) 67.5%(n=108) were having 3 risk factors, 50%(n=80) were having 4 risk factors and 11.25%(n=18) were having 5 risk factors of metabolic syndrome among the cases .Among the patients suffering from cerebrovascular accident (total patients =104) the prevalence of hypertension was 88.89%(n=64),of low HDL was 75.2%(n=54),of high TGs was 80.55%(n=58),of raised waist circumference was 58.32%(n=42) and of increased fasting blood sugar was 80.55%(n=58) in the case group.

Evolución de la Enfermedad Cerebrovascular Isquémica Aguda en pacientes con Síndrome Metabólico / Evolution of Acute Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease in patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Introducción: La isquemia cerebral es la de mayor incidencia y prevalencia entre las enfermedades cerebrovasculares y con frecuencia se asocia a la presencia del síndrome metabólico, pues muchos de sus factores de riesgo conforman este síndrome. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la evolución del paciente con Enfermedad Cerebrovascular Isquémica aguda y la presencia de Síndrome Metabólico. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico prospectivo con una muestra de 100 pacientes. Se conformaron 2 grupos, uno con pacientes con Síndrome Metabólico(SM), según criterios del NCEP/ATPIII (III Panel de Tratamiento del Adulto del Programa Nacional de Educación en Colesterol) (grupo A), y otro sin Síndrome Metabólico (grupo B) .En ambos grupos se aplicó la escala de NIHSS para evaluar la severidad y evolución de la enfermedad cerebrovascular. Resultados: En el grupo con SM prevalecieron los del sexo masculino (60 por ciento), el color de piel blanca (52 por ciento) y la media de edad fue de 61,2 años. Los principales antecedentes patológicos personales fueron Hipertensión Arterial, Cardiopatías y Tabaquismo. La severidad de la enfermedad cerebrovascular al ingreso fue peor en el grupo A (media 13,2), los que tuvieron mayor número de complicaciones neurológicas: hipertensión endocraneana y convulsiones (12 por ciento), y no neurológicas: bronconeumonía (40 por ciento) y úlceras de decúbito (28 por ciento), con un riesgo superior: OR: 6,2. Al egreso, 36 por ciento de los pacientes con SM empeoraron, según escala de NIHSS. Conclusiones: El Síndrome metabólico constituye un factor que incrementa en la Enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica el riesgo de complicaciones, y empeora su evolución y pronóstico(AU)

Introduction: Cerebrovascular ischemia represents the highest incidence and prevalence among cerebrovascular diseases. It is frequently associated with Metabolic Syndrome because many risk factors for cerebrovascular ischemia correspond to this entity. Objective: To determine the relationship between the evolution of the patient with Acute Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease (AICVD) and the presence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS). Material and Methods: An analytical prospective study was conducted with a sample of 100 patients, which were divided into two groups: group A, that was composed of patients with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) according to NCEP/ATPIII criteria (The Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education), and group B that was composed of patients without Metabolic Syndrome. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was applied in both groups to evaluate the severity and evolution of cerebrovascular disease. Results: The Male sex (60 percent), and white people (52 percent) prevailed in the group with MS, and the mean age was 61,2 years. The main personal pathological antecedents were Arterial hypertension, cardiopathies, and smoking habit. The severity of cerebrovascular disease on admission was worse in group A (mean: 13,2). These patients presented a greater number of neurological complications such as: intracranial hypertension and convulsions (12 percent); they also presented non-neurological complications such as: bronchopneumonia (40 percent), and ulcers resulting from time spent on supine position (28 percent) with a higher risk (OR: 6,2). After discharge from hospital, 36 percent of patients with MS got worse, according to Scale NIHSS. Conclusions: The metabolic syndrome is a risk factor that increases the risk of complications in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease and worsens its evolution and prognosis(AU)

Methylation of leptin promoter in ovarian granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome-metabolic syndrome patients / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To investigate the characteristics of leptin secretion and DNA methylation of leptin gene of ovarian granulosa cells in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods • Twenty patients underwent in vitro fertilization for fallopian tube factor at the Reproductive Medical Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September to December 2016 were selected. They were divided into two groups, i.e. PCOS group (n=10) and PCOS-MS group (n=10). Chemiluminescence method was used to detect serum sex hormones and glucose metabolism indexes. Glycerol phosphate oxidase-peroxidase-4-aminoantipyrine and phenolic method was used to detect lipid metabolism indexes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the concentration of leptin in serum and follicular fluid. Combined bisulfite restriction analysis was used to test methylation level of the leptin DNA promoter in ovarian granulosa cells. Wilcoxon rank and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis. Results • There was no difference in age and basic hormone levels between two groups. Compared with the PCOS group, the insulin resistance index and triglyceride level in patients with PCOS-MS group were significantly higher (P=0.045, P=0.044), high density lipoprotein level was decreased significantly (P=0.048), the level of leptin in serum and follicular fluid was increased significantly (P=0.031, P=0.042), the methylation sites of CpG island in leptin DNA promoter upstream 299-556 sequence of luteinized granulosa cells were reduced significantly (P=0.026), and the good quality embryo rate was significantly lower (P=0.043). Conclusion • The leptin levels in the serum and follicular fluid of patients with PCOS-MS are elevated, accompanied by a decrease in the methylation level of the leptin DNA promoter in luteinized granulosa cells and in the proportion of high-quality embryos, which may be one of the reasons leading to the decline of PCOS-MS female fertility.

Relationship between chronic periodontitis and metabolic syndrome: a case-control study.

Background: The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the periodontal status of patients with metabolic syndrome compared to general healthy individuals and to determine whether the periodontal status was consistent with the values of the metabolic components. Methods: A total of ninety patients were examined in this study. Group one consisted of forty five patients who were confirmed to have metabolic syndrome and group two consisted of forty five age and sex matched healthy controls. Plaque index, Gingival Bleeding Index (Ainamo & Bay), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CEJ), total number of missing teeth and the reasons for extraction were also noted. Medical examination and blood investigations included measurement of height, weight, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, Body-Mass Index (BMI), serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to NCEP ATP III definition. The results obtained were analyzed statistically using SYSTAT html output. Results: The results of the present study showed that the periodontal condition of group one patients were poor compared to group two patients. The periodontal conditioned worsened with an increase in the metabolic components. Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, it can be concluded that that periodontitis and metabolic syndrome were confounding the systemic effects of each other. Dentists should counsel their patients regarding the health hazards of metabolic syndrome and periodontitis and motivate them to maintain good oral hygiene and follow healthy life-style.

Study on relationship of blood NF-κB level with metabolic syndrome among rural residents in Ningxia / 中国糖尿病杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) with metabolic syndrome(MS). Methods A total of 240 subjects living in rural areas of Ningxia were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups :MS group (n= 120 ) and healthy control group (n= 120 ). The relationship of NF‐κB with MS was evaluated by t‐test ,partial correlation and conditional logistic regression analysis. Results Whole blood NF‐κB protein level was significantly lower in MS group than in control group [(352.31 ± 307.35) vs (441.00 ± 345.10) ng/L ,P<0.05]. Whole blood NF‐κB protein level was significantly lower in male ,Han nationality ,and 45~55 years old patients of MS group than in control group (P<0.05). Partial correlation analysis showed that NF‐κB was associated with BMI (β=-0.146 ,P=0.025) .Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that whole blood NF‐κB protein was a protective factor for MS (OR=0.91 ,95% CI:0.72~0.98 ,P<0.05). Conclusion The blood NF‐κB level is associated with MS.

The role of 11β-HSD1 in metabolic syndrome / 中国糖尿病杂志

[Summary] MS ,which is highly related tothe occurrence of cardiovascular disease and T2DM ,is characterized by glucose and fat metabolic dysregulation ,central obesity ,hypertension and hyperuricemia.11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1) is regarded as a new therapeutic target for MS.11β‐HSD1 converts inactive glucocorticoid to active glucocorticoid. 11β‐HSD1 knockout improves obesity , hyperlipidemia andhyperglycemia. The inhibition of 11β‐HSD1 alleviates IR in human and rodents ,but the application of 11β‐HSD1 inhibitors is limited by the side effects.

The effects of periodontal treatment on the levels of serum lipids and lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 in patients with chronic periodontitis and metabolic syndrome / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To study the effects of periodontal treatment on the levels of serum lipids and lipoprotein associated phospho-lipase A2(LP-PLA2)in patients with chronic periodontitis(CP)and metabolic syndrome(MS).Methods:52 cases of CP with MS were included,the blood lipid levels,clinical periodontal indexes and white blood cell count(WBC)were detected before and 3 months after treatment.Results:Before and after periodontal therapy the levels of AL(mm)were 5.02 ±0.68 and 3.61 ±0.43(P<0.01),PD(mm)4.07 ±0.46 and 2.52 ±0.39(P<0.01),BOP positive loci(%)92.13 ±6.98 and 37.41 ±8.19(P<0.01), PLI 1.38 ±0.29 and 0.89 ±0.27(P<0.05),TG(mmol/L)1.99 ±0.42 and 1.45 ±0.32(P<0.01)and TC(mmol/L)6.11 ± 0.38 and 5.17 ±0.41(P<0.01),HDL(mmol/L)1.06 ±0.22 and 1.41 ±0.19(P<0.05),respectively.Before and after treat-ment WBCs(×103/L)were 6.03 ±0.42 and 5.52 ±0.37(P<0.01),serum LP-PLA2(mg/L)31.02 ±9.81 and 23.89 ±14.15 (P<0.01),respectively.Conclusion:Periodontal therapy can improve the blood lipid levels in patients with CP and MS.

study of C reactive protein up-regulating monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression in Metabolic Syndrome / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between high sensitive C reactive protein(hsCRP) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in patients with metabolic syndrome(MS).Methods Sixty-two patients with MS and 52 normal healthy individuals (NS) were recruited in the study.And the levels of hs-CRP and MCP-1 were detected by ELISA.The severity of Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasismodel assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR).The monocytes in blood were isolated,cultured and stimulated by different concentrations of CRP.MCP-lexpression of monocytes was measured by real-time PCR.Results Patients with MS displayed significantly higher serum levels of hs-CRP and MCP-1 compared with healthy control group [(80.26 ±35.52) nmol/L vs (3.12 ±2.55) nmol/L for hs-CRP,P ＜0.01 ; (15.35 ± 10.12) nmol/L vs (9.76 ± 6.15) nmol/L for MCP-1,P ＜ 0.05].There was significantly positive correlation between hs-CRP and MCP-1.Serum hs-CRP,MCP-1and insulin resistance index were positively correlated,respectively.In vitro experiments indicated that CRP could up-regulate MCP-1 expression of monocytes in a concentration-dependent way.When the concentration of CRP was 176nmol/L,the expression of MCP-1 could reach 105％ compared with non-stimulated group.Conclusion With the severity of the inflammatory response and enhanced insulin resistance,elevated serum CRP level may result in MCP-1 expression in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Latin America

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of and the associated factors for metabolic syndrome (MS) among Latin American HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) using baseline data from the RAPID II study. METHODS: A longitudinal study to evaluate the metabolic profile, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and associated treatment practices to reduce this risk has been conducted in seven Latin American countries (the RAPID II study). Adult HIV patients with at least six months of RT were enrolled. MS was defined following ATP-III criteria. Demographic and anthropometric data, serum biochemical and clinical parameters were compared in patients with and without MS using bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 4,010 patients were enrolled, 2,963 (74 percent) were males. Mean age (SD) was 41.9 (10.0) years. The prevalence of MS was 20.2 percent. Females had higher prevalence of MS than males (22.7 percent vs. 19.4 percent, p = 0.02). MS was driven by high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol and high blood pressure (HBP). Patients with MS had higher 10year CVD risk: 22.2 percent vs. 7.4 percent, p < 0.001. Age (OR: 1.05 per year), female gender (OR: 1.29), family history of CVD (OR: 1.28), CD4 cell count (OR: 1.09 per 100 cell increase), and protease inhibitor based-ART (OR: 1.33) correlated with MS in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of MS in this setting was similar to that reported from developed countries. MS was driven by high triglycerides, low-HDL and HBP, and it was associated with higher risk of CVD. Traditional risk factors, female gender, immune reconstitution, and protease inhibitor based-ART correlated with MS.

Constitution Factors for Metabolic Syndrome: A Case-control Study / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the constitution factors for metabolic syndrome(MS). Methods 271 MS cases and 271 non-MS controls were selected. They were assessed according to the diagnosis standard of constitution of TCM. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that phlegm-dampness constitution and dampness-heat constitution were dangerous factors for MS, normal constitution was protective factor for MS (P<0.05). Conclusion Research on constitution play a role in investigating pathogenesis of MS.

A survey on periodontal status of patients with metabolic syndrome in a Beijing community / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To survey the periodontal status of patients with metabolic syndrome in a Beijing community,so as to evaluate the relationship between periodontal status and metabolic syndrome.Methods:152 metabolic syndrome(MS)patients,106 post-acute myocardial infarction patients,211 hypertension patients and 56 healthy subjects were involved.Mesial buccal and distal lingual sites per tooth were examined.The periodontal status including plaque index(PLI),bleeding index(BI),probing depth(PD)and attachment loss(AL)as well as missing teeth number were recorded.Results:In male patients,PLI,BI and PD in MS group were higher than that in the other three groups although the mean age and smoking percentage of MS group were the lowest(P