Effects of Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria on Physiological Characteristics and Inorganic Elements in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effects of different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR） on the growth of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis seedlings and the quality of its medicinal parts， in order to provide reference for the cultivation of high-quality P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. MethodThe pot culture experiment at room temperature and the single-factor completely random design were employed for exploring the effects of five PGPR on physiological characteristics and inorganic elements of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. ResultThe results showed that the exogenous inoculation of different PGPR promoted the growth and development of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis to varying degrees， delayed the senescence of leaves， and improved the medicinal value of new and old rhizomes. Compared with the non-inoculated control， the exogenous inoculation of compound microbial fertilizer （FH） and microbial agent Sanju Guanjin liquid （SJ） enhanced the root vigor， increased the content of photosynthetic pigments and the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes ［superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， and peroxidase （POD）］， and reduced the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in leaves. Their inhibition rates against MDA were 10.46%-39.62% and 20.99%-53.12%， respectively. With the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis， the inhibition rate against MDA gradually increased， which effectively delayed the senescence of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis leaves. In addition， the exogenous inoculation of different PGPR promoted the accumulation of nutrient elements in new and old rhizomes， lowered the heavy metal content to varying degrees， and improved the medicinal value of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes. ConclusionFH and SJ have exhibited the best promoting effect on the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seedlings and also the best regulatory effect on the medicinal value of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes， which has provided reference for the application and promotion of PGPR in the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

Contents of 12 soil metal elements in the plague high incidence area and resting area in the plague natural foci of Qingnan region of Qinghai Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the contents of soil metal elements in the plague high incidence area and resting area in the plague natural foci of Qingnan region in Qinghai Province, and to compare and analyze the differences of the contents of soil metal elements between the two areas.Methods:A total of 69 soil samples were collected from 11 sites in the plague high incidence area (Yushu Prefecture) and resting area (Guoluo Prefecture) in Qingnan region, including 39 samples from high incidence area and 30 samples from resting area. The contents of 12 soil metal elements, such as iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), rubidium (Rb), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn), were measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and SPSS 20.0 software was used for Spearman correlation and other statistical analysis.Results:The contents of Fe and Ca in the soil of the plague natural foci of Qingnan region were relatively high. The contents of 12 soil metal elements in the high incidence area were significantly higher than those in the resting area ( P < 0.01 or < 0.05). There were statistical significant differences in the contents of Mg, Ca, Ba, Mn, Pb and Zn in the soil among the sample plots of the plague high incidence area ( P < 0.01 or < 0.05). There were statistical significant differences in the contents of Fe, Mg, Ca, Rb and Ti in the soil among the sample plots of the plague resting area ( P < 0.05 or < 0.01). Except for Mg and Ca, Fe was positively correlated with other metal elements in the high incidence area and resting area ( P < 0.01 or < 0.05), and Fe was strongly positively correlated with Rb, Ti and V ( r = 0.780 - 0.838). Mg was only positively correlated with Ca in the high incidence area and resting area ( P < 0.01). Ca was negatively correlated with Mn, Pb, Rb, Ti, V and Zn in the high incidence area, and with Rb and Zn in the resting area ( P < 0.01 or < 0.05). The rest of the metal elements were mostly positively correlated in the high incidence area and resting area. Conclusions:The contents of Fe and Ca are rich in the plague natural foci of Qingnan region in Qinghai Province. There are correlations among most soil metal elements in the high incidence area and resting area. The correlation between the contents of soil metal elements in the plague natural foci and the epidemic of plague is worth further exploring.

Effects of Sedimentary Type Limonitum on 6-keto-PGF1α，TXB2 and Other Related Indexes and Metal Ions in Blood of Warfarin Hemorrhage Model Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of sedimentary type Limonitum on hemostatic indexes in blood and metal ions in serum of rats with hemorrhage. Method:The hemorrhagic rat models were established by warfarin sodium. The experimental animals were divided into control group，model group，powder group and water decoction group. On day 15 from drug administration， the contents of 6-keto prostaglandin F₁<italic>_α</italic>（6-keto-PGF₁<italic>_α</italic>），thromboxane B₂（TXB₂），arachidonic acid（AA），endothelin 1（ET-1），platelet activating factor（PAF），P-selectin（PS），and Ca²⁺ in the whole blood of rats in each group were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The contents of Na，Mg，K，Ca，Fe，Al，Li，Be，Ti，V，Cr，Mn，Co，Ni，Cu，Zn，As，Sr，Cd，Sn，Sb，Ba，and Pb in serum samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer（ICP-OES） and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）. Result:Compared with the model group，the content of 6-keto-PGF₁<italic>_α</italic> was reduced in the powder group and water decoction group （<italic>P</italic><0.05），and the contents of TXB₂，AA，ET-1，PAF，PS，Ca²⁺weresignificantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.01），with a positive and beneficial regulatory effect. In the powder group， 10 kinds of metal elements in serum of rats were significantly and positively regulated： Na，K，Ca，Fe，Li，Ti，V，Co，Cu，and Zn（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. In the water decoction group， 10 metal elements with significant positive regulation were as follows： Na，K，Ca，Fe，Li，V，Ni，Cu，Zn，and Sr（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. In addition，the content of Cr（<italic>P</italic><0.01） in the powder group and Cr（<italic>P</italic><0.01），Pb（<italic>P</italic><0.05） in the water decoction group were significantly reduced. Conclusion:The powder and water decoction of sedimentary type Limonitum had definite and positive intervention effect on warfarin hemorrhage model rats，which could play a coagulation role by enhancing the vasoconstriction ability，promoting the activation of platelets，and increasing the platelet aggregation rate and blood viscosity. The metal elements such as Na，K，Ca，Fe，Li，Ti，V，Co，Cu，Zn，Ni and Sr may be the material basis for sedimentary type Limonitum to exert hemostatic effect. According to the above indicators，the intervention effect of powder group and decoction group was basically the same.

Effect of Chloriti Lapis on Metal Elements in Brain and Plasma of PTZ-kindled Epileptic Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Chloriti Lapis on metal elements in brain tissue and plasma of epileptic rats kindled by pentylenetetrazol （PTZ）， and to explore the possible material basis of Chloriti Lapis. Method:PTZ kindling method was used to establish epileptic rat model. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer （ICP-OES） were used to determine the contents of metal elements in brain tissue and plasma of the blank group， model group， carbamazepine group （0.1 g·kg^-1） and Chloriti Lapis group （2 g·kg^-1）. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software. Result:Compared with the blank group， the contents of Sr， Sb and Ba in brain tissue of rats in the model group were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the contents of Zn， Fe， Cu， K， Li， Co， Sn and Pb were significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the contents of Zn， Fe， K， Li， Co， As and Pb in brain tissue of rats in the Chloriti Lapis group were obviously increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the contents of Sr and Sb were significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. These results showed that Chloriti Lapis had positive effect on the regulation of the content of metal elements in rat brain tissue to normal level， the intervention effect was clear， and the overall effect was better than that of carbamazepine group. The determination of 21 metal elements in plasma showed that compared with the blank group， the levels of K， Sr and Cd in the model group were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the contents of Li， Al， Ti and Cr were significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the model group， the contents of Ca， K， Li， Al and V in the Chloriti Lapis group were obviously increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the contents of Fe， Ti， Sr and Cd were significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The correlation analysis of metal elements among the groups showed that there were 17 pairs of elements had positively correlation in the brain tissue of rats， 2 pairs of elements had significant negative correlation. In the plasma of rats， 8 pairs of elements had significant positive correlation and 6 pairs of elements had significant negative correlation. Conclusion:The metal element groups represented by Zn， Fe， K， Li， Co， As， Pb， Sr， Sb， Ca， Al， V， Ti and Cd may be the effective material basis for Chloriti Lapis to interfere PTZ-kindled epileptic model rats， which may be related to the influence of these metal element groups on the release of neurotransmitters and the electrical balance of neurons， the regulation of abnormal synchronous discharge induced by Na⁺， K⁺， Ca²⁺ channel disorders and intervention of metabolism pathways in brain tissue related to epilepsy. It can make the excitatory and inhibitory activities restrain each other， and finally reach the normal physiological state of neurons and cells. The intervention effect of Chloriti Lapis group was better than that of carbamazepine group.

Effects of mineral Chinese medicine Chloriti Lapis on contents of metal elements in plasma and lung tissue of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD) rats / 中国中药杂志

The effects of Chloriti Lapis on metal elements in plasma and lung tissue of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( AECOPD) rats were studied. The rat AECOPD model with phlegm heat syndrome was established by smoking combined with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. After the rats were treated by Chloriti Lapis,the contents of metal elements in plasma and lung tissue were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy( ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS). The changes in the contents of metal elements were analyzed by SPSS 18. 0. Further,the correlations of differential metal elements( including Cu/Zn ratio) with differential metabolites in plasma,lung tissue and urine of AECOPD rats treated with Chloriti Lapis were analyzed. The results showed that Chloriti Lapis significantly up-regulated the contents of Fe,Al,Mn,Cu,Zn,Sn( P<0. 05),V,Co( P< 0. 01) and Cu/Zn ratio( P< 0. 05),and significantly down-regulated the contents of Ti( P< 0. 05)and Pb( P<0. 05) in the model rat plasma. It significantly increased the content of Be( P<0. 05) and decreased the contents of Mg,Ti and Al( P<0. 01) in model rat lung tissue. The element profiles of normal group,model group and Chloriti Lapis group can be well separated. Chloriti Lapis group and other groups were clustered into two categories. The taurine in plasma and phytosphingosine in lung tissue had the strongest correlations with differential metal elements. The Fe,Al,Mg,Be,Ti,V,Mn,Cu,Zn,Sn,and Co in Chloriti Lapis may directly or indirectly participate in the intervention of AECOPD rats. This group of metal elements may be the material basis of Chloriti Lapis acting on AECOPD rats,and reduce the Cu/Zn value in vivo. It was further confirmed that Chloriti Lapis could interfere with the metabolic pathways of taurine and hypotaurine in plasma and urine as well as the sphingolipid metabolism pathway in lung tissue of AECOPD rats. In addition,this study confirmed that long-term smoking can cause high-concentration Cd accumulation in the lung and damage the lung tissue.

Application of 3D-printed drug composite material in biomedicine / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Combining drugs with materials using 3D printing technology can be formulated Into a dosage form with a specific release rate, which is better for clinical use. OBJECTIVE: To review the preparation technique, advantages and indications of pharmaceutical composites made from western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, metal elements and Ions and related materials. METHODS: The first author used the search terms "Drug; Chinese medicine; Metal; Composite materials; 3D printing" to search the CNKI and Wanfang databases In Chinese and the PubMed and Web of Science in English to retrieve papers published during 1950-2019. A total of 339 papers were preliminarily retrieved. After screening, 46 papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pharmaceutical composite materials made of western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, metal elements and Ions and related materials have certain advantages in the pharmaceutical field and clinical use. It can not only improve the bioavailability of drugs, reduce toxic side effects, but also achieve a combination of drugs. In recent years, drug composite materials have been used In orthopedics, dentistry, cardiovascular medicine, otolaryngology and other fields, but its application is still in its Infancy. Many aspects need to be Improved, such as improving the quality of drug composites, Increasing mechanical stability, reducing the brittleness, printing the full-featured blood vessels and organs that fit the size of the human body, and better Imitating the biomechanics and tissue structure of human body.

Multi-component and antioxidant activities analysis in different parts of Sophora japonica / 中草药

Objective: To provide a basis for the rational use of Sophora japonica resources through comprehensive evaluation of different tissues and organs. Methods: The contents of rutin, narcissin, quercetin, isorhamnetin and heavy metals in the samples were detected by HPLC and ICP-OES. The Fe3+ reducing ability, DPPH free radical (DPPH•), ABTS free radical (ABTS•+) scavenging ability and total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) were detected by colorimetry. Then, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were conducted by software of SPSS 20.0. Results: The total contents of four flavonoids in different tissues and organs of S. japonica were arranged as follows: flower buds > flowers > flower axis > leaves > branches. The order of antioxidant capacities was as follows: flower buds > flowers > flower axis > leaves > branches, which were positively correlated with the total contents of four flavonoids. The contents of five heavy metal elements in flowers and flower buds were within the limitation of the Green standards of medicinal plants and preparations for foreign trade and economy, while the Cd element in some leaves, flower axis and branches was beyond the standard. Flowers and flower buds were clustered into one type by CA, while flower axis, leaves and branches were clustered into another category. The two principal components (PC1 and PC2) were extracted from the eight variables by PCA, PC1 showed significant differences among different tissues and organs, and PC2 values showed large differences among batches. Conclusion: The flowers and flower buds of S. japonica showed an excellent qualities, including safe doses of heavy metals, rich flavonoids and outstanding antioxidant activities. In addition, the flower axis and leaves also contained high flavonoids and exhibited strong antioxidant activities, which had the value of further development and utilization.

The pollution of metal elements in PM2.5 at the metro stations / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the pollution of metal elements in PM2.5 at the metro station by monitoring, so as to provide evidence for health protection strategies.@*Methods@#The PM2.5 concentrations on the platforms, in the tunnels, and above the ground of two selected metro stations in some city were collected and measured by electronic balance. The concentrations of Fe, Al, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ba and Cd in PM2.5 were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The pollution index (PI) and enrichment factor (EF) of these elements were analyzed.@*Results@#The concentration of PM2.5 was (101.46±32.88) μg/m3 on the platforms, (104.42±32.95) μg/m3 in the tunnels and (74.25±13.29) μg/m3 above the ground. The highest Fe concentrations were (33.19±5.93) μg/m3 on the platforms and (39.95±11.56) μg/m3 in the tunnels, accounting for (33.73±9.40)% and (42.72±17.17)% of PM2.5. The average PI values of Fe, Mn and Ba in PM2.5 on the platforms were 29.67, 9.24 and 7.13, in the tunnels were 36.30, 11.23 and 8.30, respectively, with very high level of pollution; the average EF values of Fe, Mn and Ba in PM2.5 on the platforms were 20.15, 4.55 and 4.33, in the tunnels were 19.44, 4.16 and 4.07, with serious, medium and medium level of enrichment, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The main metal pollutants in PM2.5 at the metro station are Fe, Mn and Ba, which are enriched in the metro environment.

Determination of seven heavy metals in Montmorillonite Powder by ICP-MS / 中草药

Objective: A method was established to determine the content of seven heavy metals in Montmorillonite Powder (MP). Methods The metabolic process of the body was simulated by oscillating water bath, the sample was treated under the condition of pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid for 6 h, the seven heavy metals Pb, Cd, Hg, Co, V, Ni, and As in MP were determined by ICP-MS, and the content of Pb, Cd, Hg, Co, V, Ni, As in three batches of homemade preparations, three batches of original development agent and three batches of raw materials were determined by this method to evaluate their safety. Results The content of seven heavy metals Pb, Cd, Hg, Co, V, Ni, and As in MP had good linear relationship in the ranges of 0-30, 0-1, 0-6, 0-10, 0-20, 0-40, and 0-4 ng/mL, respectively; The RSD of precision results were 4.91%, 5.39%, 10.00%, 4.78%, 5.93%, 4.67%, and 6.91%, respectively; The RSD of stability results were 5.64%, 5.12%, 10.94%, 3.68%, 4.97%, 4.31%, and 7.06%, respectively; The RSD of repetitive results were 4.22%, 4.53%, 11.22%, 4.45%, 6.23%, 4.36%, and 5.64%, respectively; The average recoveries were 102.0%, 100.8%, 100.5%, 100.8%, 101.8%, 103.7%, and 107.6%, and the RSD were 2.06%, 2.02%, 2.23%, 1.37%, 2.34%, 1.6% and 7.38%, respectively; The detection limits were 0.002-0.084 ng/mL, and the quantitative limits were 0.006-0.252 ng/mL. The average content of seven kinds of heavy metal elements in three batches of homemade preparations, three batches of original development agent and three batches of raw materials were 3.225, 2.877, 3.265; 0.062, 0.071, 0.070 ng/g; not detected, not detected, not detected; 0.192, 0.093, 0.213 ng/g; 0.329, 0.578, 0.584 ng/g; 0.363, 0.124, 0.296 ng/g; 0.247, 0.312, 0.273 ng/g. The content of Pb and As were in accordance with the standard limit of montmorillonite in the European Pharmacopoeia, and the content of the remaining five elements were in accordance with the PDE (maximum number was allowed for each element in a drug with a maximum daily dose of 10 g) value in ICH Q3D, and it was concluded that seven kinds of heavy metal elements in the preparation were derived from the raw drug montmorillonite. Conclusion This method is accurate and reliable, which can be applied to the quantitative examination of seven heavy metals in MP, and provides an effective technical means for the quality control of MP.

Content Determination of 8 Metal Elements in Propylgaclate and Sodium Chloride Injection by Microwave Digestion-inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of 8 metal elements in Propylgaclate and sodium chloride injection. METHODS:Microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was adopted. Radiofrequency power was 1 530 W;cooling temperature was 4 ℃;collision gas was He gas;carrier gas was argon;flow rate of carrier gas was 1.08 L/min;integration time was 0.3 s;plasma gas flow rate was 15 L/min;the vacuum degree of quadrupole was 3.04×10－4 Pa;sampling cone aperture was 1.0 mm;interception cone aperture was 0.4 mm;the speed of sampling was 0.3 rps;data collection was repeated for 3 times. The microwave digestion power is 1 600 W,and the heating process is heated to 160℃at room temperature for 30 min,and maintained at 5 min,and then heated to 190 ℃ at a temperature of 5 ℃/min and maintained 45 min. RESULTS:The linear range of Mg and Al were 1-250 ng/mL;the linear range of Cr,Mn,Fe,Cu,Zn,Cd were 1-100 ng/ mL(all r≥0.999 0). The limits of detection were 0.063 6-1.785 0 ng/mL. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 4%. The recoveries were 89.65%-105.60%(RSD were 1.57%-3.98%,n＝9). RSDs of durablity were all lower than 12%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,precise,stable,reproducible and durable. It can be used for content determination of 8 metal elements in Propylgaclate and sodium chloride injection.

Ultra-trace Metal Elements Analysis of High Purity Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

An analytical method was proposed to determine the ultra-trace metal elements in high-purity tetramethylammonium hydroxide ( TMAH).A total of 12 kinds of ultra-trace metal elements in 25% ( w/w) high-purity TMAH aqueous solution were directly determined after simple dilution with ultrapure water by inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS/MS ).In MS/MS mode, the spectral interferences were eliminated by the reaction of target ions with O2 or NH3/He (1:9, V/V) in the collision/reaction cell ( CRC ) of the ICP-MS/MS.Cr, Mn, Ni and Mo were determined using the O2 mass shift method.Cd and Pb were analyZed based on the O2 on-mass method.Fe, Co, Cu and Zn were determined using the NH3/He mass shift method.Mg and Al were determined using the NH3/He on-mass.The detection limits for analytes were in the range of 0.3-57.2 ng/L.The spiked recoveries were in range of 92.0%-106.0%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than or equal to 4.6%.The procedure was applied for determining ultra-trace metal elements in 25% high-purity TMAH aqueous solution.

Simultaneous Determination of 8 Heavy Metal Elements in Iron Dextran by ICP-OES / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 8 heavy metal elements Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Co, V, Se and Mo in iron dextran by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ( ICP-OES) . Methods:Through the detec-tion wavelength selection,the detection wavelength was confirmed as follows:220. 353 nm for Pb, 228. 802 nm for Cd, 188. 980 nm for As, 194. 164 nm for Hg, 228. 615 nm for Co, 311. 070 nm for V, 196. 026 nm for Se and 204. 598 nm for Mo. Through optimizing the instrument parameters, the optimal radio frequency power was 1. 3 kW, the nebulizer gas flow rate was 0. 7 L·min-1, and the pump speed was 10 r·min-1. By applying the above detection parameters, the 8 heavy metal elements were analyzed by ICP-OES simultaneously. Results: The linearity of the detected elements was good, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0. 9990. The detection limits were from 0. 12 to 7. 26 ng·ml-1 , the quantitation limits were from 0. 40 to 23. 96 ng·ml-1 and the recoveries were from 94. 1% to 103. 4% (RSD<3%, n=9). Conclusion: The method is specific, sensitive, rapid and accurate, which can be applied in the simultaneous determination of 8 heavy metal elements in iron dextran.

Determination of eight heavy metal elements in iron dextran by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and correction of spectral interference / 药物评价研究

Objective To establish a method for the determination of eight heavy metal elements (Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Co,V,Se,and Mo) in iron dextran by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).Methods Through detection wavelength selection,optimization of instrument parameters and applying interference element correction (IEC) method to correction of spectral interference,the eight heavy metal elements were analyzed by ICP-OES.Results The elements recoveries were from 88.7％ to 101.3％ by correction of spectral interference with IEC method.The accuracy of the method was good.The linearities of the detected elements were good,and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.999.The detection limits were from 0.12 to 7.26 ng/rnL.The quantization limits were from 0.40 to 23.96 ng/mL.The precision of the method was good (RSD＜3.5％,n=6).Conclusion The results of the spectral interference correction by IEC method are greatly superior to the results of conventional method.The established method is accurate,sensitive,and rapid,which can be applied to the determination of contents of eight heavy metal elements in iron dextran.

Determination of Five Heavy Metals in Fufang Danshen Tablets by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spec-trometry with Microwave Digestion / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a quantitative determination method for Pb , As, Cu, Cd and Hg in Fufang Danshen tablets by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS) with microwave digestion .Methods: The samples were digested by micro-wave and calibrated by the internal standard elements ( In, Ge and Bi ) , and with spinach as the controlled reference standard , the contents of Pb, As, Cu, Cd and Hg were analyzed.Results:The minimum detection limit of Pb, As, Cu, Cd and Hg was 6.5,2.3, 5.9,4.7 and 0.91 ng· g-1, respectively, a good linear relationship was obtained respectively within the concentration range (r>0.998 0) with the average recovery of 102.8%,105.1%,104.5%,106.8%and 92.4%and RSD of 2.1%,2.8%,1.9%,2.2%and 3.4%(n=9), respectively.Conclusion:The method is accurate and fast with little interference , and suitable for the determination of heavy metal elements in Fufang Danshen tablets .

Simultaneous Determination of the Content of 14 Common Metal Elements in Ganmao Qingre Granules by ICP-MS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of the content of 14 common metal elements (Mg,Ca,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Cd,Sb,Ba and Pb)in Ganmao qingre granules. METHODS:Microwave diges-tion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)method was conducted. The samples were digested with concentrated nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide(2∶1,V/V),and then ICP-MS was used to determine the mass concentration of 14 metal elements. Li, Sc,Ge,Y,In,Bi and Tb were used as internal standards,and branches and leaves of bush were used as standard substances. RE-SULTS:The correlation coefficient of the standard curves of 14 elements was larger than 0.999 6,detection limits were in the range of 0.002-0.035 μg/L,recoveries were in the range of 80.57%-104.2% and RSDs were in the range of 0.34%-2.71%. CON-CLUSIONS:The method is specific,accurate and sensitive,and suitable for the content determination of 14 common metal ele-ments in Ganmao qingre granules. The total mass concentrations of 6 batches of heavy metals are all meet the requirements of Green Trade Standards of Importing&Exporting Medicinal Plants&Preparations.

Residues Determination of 5 Heavy Metal Elements in Single Use and Gravity Feed Infusion Sets and Intra-venous Infusion Needles by ICP-MS / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of residual 5 heavy metal elements in single use and gravity feed infusion sets and intravenous infusion needles, including Cd, Cr, Cu, Sn and Pb. Methods:After the pre-preparation,the sample was dissolved in 1% nitrate. The 5 heavy metal elements in the sample solution were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spec-trometry (ICP-MS). Results:Under the ICP-MS assay conditions, each element showed good linearity within the range of 0-50 ng· ml-1(r>0. 999 0). The average recoveries were within the range of 92%-116% and 1. 6%-2. 9%, respectively (RSD<3,n=9). Conclusion:The operation is simple and can meet the demand for the analysis of heavy metal elements in single use and gravity feed infusion sets and intravenous infusion needles.

Contents Determination of 5 Heavy Metals in 5 TCM Powders by ICP-MS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To determine the contents of Pb,Cd,Hg,As and Cu in Panax notoginseng,Angelica sinensis,Ligus-ticum chuanxiong,Fallopia multiflora and Rheum palmatum commercially available in Tangshan. METHODS:Microwave diges-tion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and single factor index and Nemerow comprehensive index were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution in TCM powder samples;and the heavy metal limiting values in Green Trade Standards of Im-porting & Exporting Medical Plants & Prescriptions were used to evaluate the pollution of heavy metal samples. RESULTS:In the samples in 12 batches of 5 TCM powders,there were 2 heavy metal exceeded samples (P. notoginseng-3 and L. chuanxiong-2), the exceeded rate was 16.7%,exceeded indexes were Cd and Hg with the exceeded rates of 16.7% and 8.3%,respectively;heavy metals with Single factor index greater than 1 were Hg and Cd in P. notoginseng-3,and Cd in L. chuanxiong-2 with the composite indexes of 1.06 and 0.81,and pollution levels were slightly polluted and reaching warning level,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Certain heavy metal pollution is found in TCM powder commercially available in Tangshan. Therefore,it is necessary to carry out more strictly control over the heavy metal content in Chinese herbal medicines.

Determination of 5 Heavy Metal Elements in Spirulina Health Products by ICP-MS / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of Cu,As,Cd,Hg and Pb in spirulina health products. Meth-ods:The samples were digested by microwave and determined by ICP-MS. Results: The minimum detection limits of Cu,As,Cd,Hg and Pb was 6. 72,6. 25,3. 12,0. 331 and 8. 78 ng·g-1 , respectively, and showed good linear relationship within respective concentra-tion range (r >0. 999 7) with the average recovery of 110.4%,96.6%,93.1%,102.8%, 101.4% and RSD of 3.2%,4.2%, 2. 5%,2. 9%,3. 0%(n=9), respectively. Conclusion:The method is sensitive, simple and accurate, and can be used to determine the harmful elements in spirulina health products.

Evaluation of Selected Metal Elements in Commercial Drinking Water and Tap Water in Peninsular Malaysia / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

The present study was carried out to determine the concentrations of selected metal elements (lead, copper, manganese, zinc and iron) in 51 samples of commercial drinking water and tap water available in Malaysia. The results indicated that low metal elements were found in the studied water samples. Lead, manganese, zinc and iron were not detected in some of the studied samples, except copper. The concentrations of the metal elements in the studied samples were well below the maximum permitted concentrations as recommended. Therefore these drinking water are safe for consumption and do not pose adverse effect to the health of consumers due to metal toxicity.

The effects of fluoride on metal elements in the testis tissue of male rats / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To probe into the effects of fluoride on metal elements in the testis tissue of male rats, and provide experimental basis to further research for reproductive toxicity of fluoride. Methods Thirty-two healthy male Wistar rats, weighting 150 - 180 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups, normal sodium(control) by intragastrie administration for 90 days, and body weight was observed daily. After the last intragastric administration, all rats were killed by cervical dislocation. The contents of calcium(Ca), ferri(Fe), zincum(Zn),cuprum(Cu ) and magnesium(Mg) in the testis tissue were measured by atomic absorption speetrophotometry.Results After 30 days exposure, the difference of body weight between groups was statistically significant(F=3.884, P 0.05). The difference of Ca, Zn and Mg levels among four groups was statistically significant(F = 6.630, 6.844, 5.333, all P 0.05). Conclusion Chronic fluorosis can affect the levels of metal elements in rat testis and damage the reproductive system.