Countermeasure analysis on the education of large medical imaging equipment metrology for the major of Biomedical Engineering / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on the analysis of current situation of the metrological education of large medical imaging equipment in colleges and universities at home, the advantages of major of Biomedical Engineering (BME) and the internal relation with the requirement of personnel training of metrology were systematically investigated. The necessity of carrying out education of large medical imaging equipment metrology for BME students in colleges and universities was elucidated. The specific thoughts and countermeasures were also proposed from curriculum establishment, teaching design, textbook compilation, conditional construction and teaching staff, respectively. The study is hopeful to provide guidance and help for the education of the large medical imaging equipment metrology in colleges and universities.

Absolute measurement of surface particle emission rates from α and β plane sources using a digitizer / 中国辐射卫生

Objective@#To prove the validity and accuracy of the digitizer instead of the conventional electronics plug-in for radionuclide measurement.@*Methods@# Based on a large-area flow-gas multi-wire proportional counter for 2πα and 2πβ surface particle emission rate measurement, the DT5730 digital waveform sampler developed by CAEN was used for waveform signal acquisition, amplitude analysis, and data processing of the α-plane source 241Am and the β-plane source nuclides 14C, 36Cl, and 90Sr-90Y of different energies.@*Results@#The deviations between the α and β surface particle emission rate results obtained after dead time and background corrections and the measurements obtained based on the plug-in calibrator were all within 0.6%, within the uncertainty range, under consistent experimental conditions such as electronics threshold and high pressure.@*Conclusion@#The digitizer is an effective alternative to conventional electronics plug-ins for α and β signal acquisition and processing and the accurate measurement of α and β emission rates.

Status analysis of quality control of high-risk medical equipment in Zhejiang province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To master the quality control status of high-risk medical equipment of medical institutions in Zhejiang province, and to put forward improvement measures to promote the quality control level of high-risk medical equipment.Methods:All the tertiary public hospitals, second-class public hospitals and private hospitals in Zhejiang were investigated. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the quantity, quality control methods and quality control specifications of high-risk medical equipment used by the medical institutions. Excel was used for data collation and descriptive statistical analysis of the questionnaire.Results:The quality control methods of high-risk medical equipment in 96 medical institutions in Zhejiang had different tendencies. The tertiary public hospitals tended to conduct quality control on their own, and the second-class public hospitals and private hospitals tended to choose third-party testing institutions for quality control. In addition, there were irregularities in quality control of some medical institutions. 16% of the quality control equipment in self-control mode was not traceable, and 2% of the third-party testing organizations had no relevant qualifications.Conclusions:Medical institutions in Zhejiang generally have a strong awareness of quality control of high-risk medical equipment. But there are some unsolved problems remained in quality control. In the future, we should continue to improve the quality control level of high-risk medical equipment based on medical measurement, as well as to focus on the improvement of the technical ability of medical equipment management departments, the traceability of quality inspection equipment, and the supervision and spot check of third-party testing institutions.

Visualization analysis of literature information in Organ Transplantation from 2010 to 2019 based on information metrology / 器官移植

Objective To analyze the characteristics of papers published in Organ Transplantation in the past ten years. Methods The academic papers published in Organ Transplantation from January 2010 to December 2019 were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The publication volume, the funded paper ratio, authors, research institutions and keywords were analyzed by information visualization software CiteSpace 5.3 and VOSviewer 1.6. Results From 2010 to 2019, a total of 919 academic papers were published in Organ Transplantation, with an average annual publication volume of 92, showing an overall stable trend. The funded paper ratio and the ratio of papers with funding support at the provincial level or above increased year by year, reaching 100% in 2019. High-yield authors mainly formed two research teams led by Shi Bingyi and Chen Guihua respectively. The first authors were distributed across China. In recent years, as many as 58 programmatic papers were published by national academic institutions, especially signed by Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association. The average number of authors per paper was 4.94 in Organ Transplantation, and the proportion of papers contributed by two or more authors remained above 90% in recent years. According to the analysis of research institutions, the average number of institutions per paper was 1.60 in Organ Transplantation. Keyword co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that liver transplantation, renal transplantation and organ transplantation were the research hotspots in the field of organ transplantation. Keyword cluster analysis showed that research mainly focused on 9 fields, such as liver transplantation, renal transplantation, organ transplantation, organ donation, posttransplantation complications, transplantation immunity, end-stage liver disease, xenotransplantation and stem cell transplantation. Keyword burst analysis showed that xenotransplantation, α-1, 3-galactose, transplantation immunity, apoptosis, donor specific antibody (DSA), antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and flow cytometry were the research hotspots. Conclusions The authors that publish academic papers in Organ Transplantation come from major transplantation centers all over the country. The papers of Organ Transplantation cover the research hotspots of each branch in the field of organ transplantation, and include a large quantity of programmatic papers signed and published by national academic institutions, which show the frontier hotspots and the highest level of research in the field of organ transplantation in China, making Organ Transplantation an excellent academic journal.

Development of Axial Resolution Testing Device for Optical Coherence Tomograph for the Posterior Segment of the Human Eye and Measurement Uncertainty Analysis / 中国医疗器械杂志

Based on the analysis of the theoretical calculation model of axial resolution of optical coherence tomograph for the posterior segment of the human eye, a set of testing device for measuring its axial resolution is designed and developed. In view of a commercial ophthalmic optical coherence tomograph in clinical use, its axial resolution is calculated to be 5.07 μm theoretically, and the actual measurement value is 5.45 μm. The uncertainty of the detection device is evaluated and the result is (5.45±0.10) μm. The measurement error introduced by the testing device is very small. Meanwhile, the axial resolution measured by the testing device meets the requirements of the instrument(≤ 6 μm).

Application of operation bed and C-arm digital metrology adjustment in the percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the application effect of operation bed and C-arm digital metrology adjustment in percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures.@*METHODS@#Ninty-four patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures admitted to our hospital from February 2015 to February 2017 were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table method, with 47 cases in each group. Control group adjusted C-arm and operating bed based on experience. For observation group surgical bed and C arm were measured and adjusted digitally and metrologically during percutaneous vertebroplasty. The operation time, times of fluoroscopy, hidden blood loss and bone cement volume were recorded in two groups. The clinical efficacy of two groups was observed by visual analogue score (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI). Cobb angle and height of injured vertebrae before and after surgery were analyzed by imaging data.@*RESULTS@#The operation time, times of fluoroscopy, and hidden blood loss were significantly lower in observation group than in control group (0.05); VAS and ODI of observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group(<0.05); there was no significant difference in Cobb angle and height of injured vertebrae before and after operation between two groups. There were 3 cases of cement leakage, 1 case of urinary tract infection, 1 case of pulmonary infection, 2 cases of bedsore in observation group with complication rate was 14.89%(7/47); there were 8 cases of cement leakage, 2 cases of spinal nerve injury, 1 case of urinary tract infection, 3 cases of pulmonary infection, 2 cases of bedsore in control group with complication rate was 34.04% (16/47). The incidence of complications in observation group was significantly lower than that of control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Operation bed and C-arm digital metrology adjustment can improve the surgical effect in percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures and promote rapid recovery.

Quantitative analysis of prescriptions for treatment of milk addiction by ancient and modern medical experts / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

To analyze the scope of prescription taste in the treatment of milk addiction in ancient and modern eras in order to provide a reference for selection of drugs in the treatment of milk addiction in future. The literatures on clinical prescriptions of ancient and modern medical experts for the treatment of mammitis and milk addiction were reviewed and selected, and the scope, sequence, similarity and difference between the ancient and modern medicines were analyzed by prescription metrology. Of totally 58 prescriptions for the treatment of milk addiction in ancient times, there were 27 prescriptions and 57 drugs were used for the treatment of milk addiction in the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties;in Ming and Qing Dynasties, 31 prescriptions, 59 drugs were applied. In the modern treatment of milk addiction, 44 clinical prescriptions and a total of 109 drugs were used. In Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties saussurea, rhubarb, light powder, ginseng, croton, betel nut, fructus aurantii and cinnabarn were used commonly; in Ming and Qing Dynasties, rhubarb, saussurea, rhizome sparganii, semen pharbitidis, light powder and fructus aurantii were applied frequently; in modern times, bupleurum root, rhizome cyperi, angelica root and white peony root have been commonly used; there were similarities and differences in using medicine tastes among the 3 periods, the tastes in Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties were more relatively approximate to those in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the medicine similarity index between the 2 periods was large (S = 0.400), while the similarity index between the taste of modern medicine and that of the ancient was small (S = 0.088 and S = 0.094), showing more differences were present. There were 22 drugs were used both in ancient and modern eras; the number of drugs used in ancient time but not applied in modern time was 48; the number of drugs applied at present but not used in the ancient time was 85. The drugs with toxicity, very strong action, cathartic and cold characteristics used in ancient times are no longer applied in modern times, while those drugs with gentle action, warmth and promoting circulation, dissipating nodules mostly entering foot jue yin, shaoyang and foot yangming gastric meridians used in ancient times are still applied in modern times; at the same time, based on the ancient traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), many new drugs have been added in modern times, mainly those drugs with actions of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, clearing and activating channels and collaterals, detoxification and resolving concretion, dissipating nodules and resolving phlegm, warming Yang and boosting kidney. Through comparative analysis of ancient and modern literatures and learning many medical experts' experiences in the treatment of milk addiction, an effective reference for the treatment of milk addiction can be provided, and the prescription metrology can also be used in other disease studies to approach TCM syndrome differentiation.

When noise became information: State-of-the-art in biospeckle laser / Quando o ruído tornou-se informação: O estado da arte do biospeckle laser

ABSTRACT Laser was presented to science and industry in the 1960s and shortly became a useful tool in many areas, with applications based on its multiple characteristics such as coherence of light, which presents a phenomenon known as interference pattern, or speckle, when beam returns from an illuminated surface. Despite great application of speckle pattern, its residual presence, for example, in interferometric approaches was considered as a noise, demanding filtering. However, grains themselves became information as their dynamic changes in time started to be linked to biological sample activity. Dynamic laser speckle has been since then a phenomenon widely used to monitor biological activities in many areas from agriculture to medicine. It is known as biospeckle laser (BSL) when adopted in biological material, with high sensitivity to follow very tiny movements in biological tissues, linked to changes in speckle provided by scatterer activities inside and outside cells. Since the 1970s, biospeckle laser usage follows a crescent technologic spiral where technological developments opened room for new applications, while new demands regarding biological monitoring forced the development of new methodologies. Therefore, potential adoption of the phenomenon as a sensor, for instance, in agricultural and medical processes, as well as constant offer of new devices provided new turns in the BSL technologic spiral and opened room for technique improvement. In this study, I present a short history of biospeckle laser (BSL) with applications and development associated with challenges regarding its usage in portable and accessible devices or even in commercial equipment. And the history was packed in a temporal diagram identifying the breakpoints responsible for improvements in the use of the technique.

RESUMO O laser foi apresentado à ciência e à indústria em 1960, e rapidamente tornou-se uma ferramenta útil à muitas áreas do conhecimento, que fazem uso de suas múltiplas características, como é o caso da coerência da luz, que é responsável pelo fenômeno conhecido como padrão de interferência, ou speckle; este padrão de interferência ocorre quando a luz retorna do material iluminado formando uma figura de interferência para o observador. Apesar da grande aplicação, a presença residual do padrão de speckle em abordagens interferométricas apresentava-se como um ruído que demanda filtragem. Apesar da dificuldade em alguns casos, os grãos de speckle tornaram-se fonte de informação em situações dinâmicas, quando suas mudanças começaram a ser relacionadas à atividade do material biológico iluminado. Speckle laser dinâmico tornou-se o termo usado para denominar o fenômeno que passou a ser usado para monitorar a atividade biológica e não biológica em aplicações desde a agricultura até aquelas relacionadas à medicina. Este fenômeno também é conhecido como biospeckle laser (BSL), quando aplicado em material biológico, e com grande sensibilidade para seguir os menores movimentos intra e intercelulares dos dispersores de luz presentes no tecido biológico. A partir da década de 1970, o biospeckle laser teve sua utilização baseada em uma espiral crescente e ligada ao desenvolvimento tecnológico que favoreceu novas aplicações acompanhadas de novas metodologias de análise. Portanto, a adoção do fenômeno como um sensor, por exemplo, na agricultura e na medicina fomenta sempre uma constante oferta de novos dispositivos e novos métodos favorecendo o uso em novas áreas do conhecimento. Esta revisão apresenta uma resumida história do biospeckle laser (BSL) pontuando as aplicações e desenvolvimentos além dos desafios, como é o caso do uso de forma portátil e por equipamentos comerciais. E esta história foi resumida em um diagrama identificando os chamados pontos do corte com contribuições que mudaram a forma de uso da técnica.

Gestión de mantenimiento y producción más limpia en tres instituciones de salud de medellín, colombia / Cleaner maintenance and production management in three health institutions in medellín, colombia / Gestão de manutenção e produção mais limpa em três instituições de saúde de medellín, colômbia

Objetivo: Realizar un diagnóstico del estado de la gestión del mantenimiento de equipos biomédicos en el área de urgencias de tres (3) instituciones de nivel tres de complejidad médica de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, dentro del proyecto de investigación producción más limpia en salud. Metodología: Se diseñó una encuesta a partir de la Guía Sectorial de Producción más Limpia, en hospitales, clínicas y centros de salud, donde se obtuvo una lista de chequeo para la revisión del estado de la gestión de mantenimiento de los equipos biomédicos más complejos utilizados en urgencias. Resultados: La gestión de mantenimiento de los equipos biomédicos más complejos es muy buena en el hospital 1 y excelente en los hospitales 2 y 3; la metrología y gestión de mantenimiento en los equipos biomédicos del área de urgencias de los tres hospitales es excelente. Conclusión: La gestión de mantenimiento es muy importante para el ahorro económico en las instituciones, ya que se pueden reducir tiempos muertos de los equipos sin afectar la prestación de los servicios, aparte de que se reducen gastos en la compra de repuestos, y generación de residuos causantes de impactos negativos al medio ambiente.

Objective: to perform a diagnosis of the state of biomedical equipment maintenance management in the emergency areas of three (3) institutions of level three of medical complexity in the city of Medellín, Colombia. The realm is within the cleaner production in health research project. Methodology. A survey was designed based on the Cleaner Production Sector. Guide: in hospitals, clinics and health centers, where a check list was obtained to review the state of maintenance management of the most complex biomedical equipment used in the emergency room. Results: maintenance management of the most complex biomedical equipment is very good in hospital 1 and excellent in hospitals 2 and 3. Metrology and maintenance management in the biomedical equipment of the emergency area of all three hospitals is excellent. Conclusion: maintenance management is very important for financial savings in institutions, since they can thus reduce equipment downtime without hindering the provision of services, along with reducing costs in the purchase of spare parts and generation of waste, which causes a negative impact on the environment.

Objetivo: Realizar um diagnóstico do estado da gestão da manutenção de equipamentos biomédicos na área de urgências de três (3) instituições de nível três de complexidade médica da cidade de Medellín, Colômbia, dentro do projeto de investigação produção mais limpa em saúde. Metodologia: Desenhou-se uma pesquisa a partir da Guia Setorial de Produção mais limpa, em hospitais, clínicas e centros de saúde, onde se obteve uma lista de verificação para a revisão do estado da gestão de manutenção dos equipamentos biomédicos mais complexos utilizados em urgências. Resultados: A gestão de manutenção dos equipamentos biomédicos mais complexos é muito boa no hospital 1 e excelente nos hospitais 2 e 3; a metrologia e gestão de manutenção nos equipamentos biomédicos da área de urgências dos três hospitais é excelente. Conclusão: A gestão de manutenção é importantíssima para a poupança económica nas instituições, já que podem-se reduzir tempos mortos dos equipamentos sem afetar a prestação dos serviços, aparte de que se reduzem despesas na compra de repostos, e geração de resíduos causantes de impactos negativos ao meio ambiente.

Development status of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery based on bibliometric analysis / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To analyze the related literature of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery(NOTES),discuss the development status and direction of the NOTES.Methods NOTES related documents were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Internet(CNKI),Wanfang Data,China Biomedical Literature Database(CBM) and Superstar Medalink.The related project were statistically analyzed.Status quo and development direction were analyzed.Results The journal of NOTES literature was scattered,involving numerous departments,especially the gastroenterology,urology,oncology,obstetrics and gynecology.The largest number of NOTES were reported in the vagina,followed by the stomach and the rectum.The post agencies and the area were mainly in the developed areas of strong scientific research colleges and universities and clinical teaching hospitals.The most published types of literature at present were the research and review of NOTES combined laparoscopy,and more basic research literature.The directions of collecting the reseach of NOTES by keywords were main from several aspects:NOTES combined with laparoscopy for colorectal cancer,urology,hepatobiliary surgery,cardiothoracic surgery,and so on;NOTES in animal experimental study;the application range included NOTES devices,work space, artificial interface for disease,and development of NOTES.Conclusion NOTES is the current research hotspot.Currently the domestic development is relative lag,which is in the primary stage of development.The basic research of NOTES need further study and clinical application need to strengthen,otherwise,application of NOTES instrument need to speed.

Study on military-civilian metering of medical equipment / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the development trend of military-civilian metering of medical equipment.Methods The foundation and conditions were analyzed for military-civilian metering of medical equipment,and the feasibility and necessity were discussed to execute military-civilian medical equipment metering after military innovation.Results The military-civilian metering of medical equipment was expounded from the aspects of organization,mechanism,personnel and etc.Conclution Military-civilian medical equipment metering contributes to rational allocation of national resources and enhancement of military metering.

Modern Research of Calculus Bovis ( First):Retrospect and Prospect / 医药导报

Calculus Bovis is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine and has been used for more than two thousand years in clinic with the effects of puring heart, sweeping phlegm, resuscitation, extinguishing wind and detoxification. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, modern methods have been utilized by traditional Chinese medicine researchers in the resource identification, chemical components, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacy, clinical application, etc. It is their continually exploration that makes significant achievements for the modern research of Calculus Bovis. This article statistically analysed the literatures from 1949 to December 2015 in Pubmed, CNKI, Wanfang, Vip database etc. to review Calculus Bovis and its compound formulas, as well as its substitutes, quality control, formulation study, compound prescription, pharmacological mechanism and clinical research. The aim of this article is to provide a valuable reference for future developments and studies of Calculus Bovis.

The important role of metrology in quality management of medical equipment / 中国医学装备

Objective:To analyze and recognize the important role of metrology in the quality management of medical equipment, and discuss how to do well medical metrology work. Methods: To fully recognize the importance of medical metrology, to analyze existing problems, to provide solutions for the problem and to do well the measurement work in combination with the status quo of medical measurement in the medical equipment management.Results: The metrology work can be done well by the attention of leadership, establishing administration of metrology management, establishing and improving the measurement management system, and strengthening the construction of information management.Conclusion: All of leaders in different levels and departments should pay full attention to the measurement work, find the problems, take effective measures for improving measurement management ability, and ensure the quality of diagnosis and treatment.

Analysis of Chinese paper publication from medical institutions during the year 2003 to 2015 in Urumqi Xinjiang / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To analyze the publication of Chinese scientific research papers from medical institutions in Urumqi,Xinjiang from year 2003 to 2015,to understand the status quo of paper publication by medical personnel in this area,to find objective evidence for the scientific research development of medical institutions in Urumqi,also figure out the differences of different institutions,to summarize the developing trend which will help for identify the distribution features,as well as optimizing scientific research paper management at local area.Methods Literature metrology was applied to analyze Chinese paper publication from medical institutions during 2003-2015 in Urumqi,Xinjiang.Results A total number of 56 684 Chinese scientific papers were published in 13 years with the average growth of 12.93％ each year.Among which,the number of core journal articles is 4 167 accounted for 60.28％.Consider to the distribution of years,7 073 papers,accounted for 13.4％ of the total number,were published in 2014;Xinjiang Medicine published most of the articles with a number of 6 166 (10.88％);the Saybagh District of Urumqi published 18 980 papers (33.48％) which were more than other places.Comparative analysis was also conducted among different level hospitals.The publication conditions of different hospitals have a p value less than 0.01 which shows the significant statistical difference.Considering to the distribution of geographical areas,the result was x2 =1 439.566,F ＜0.01,it also has statistical significance.Conclusions The total number of Chinese scientific paper publication in Urumqi,Xinjiang medical institutions was kept increasing during the year 2003 to 2015,however,there were a lot of variations among different medical institutions,geographical areas and medical personnel.Thus medical institutions should pay more attention to the talent training and scientific research,improve the scientific research management to enhance the capacity of scientific research.

Improvement Effect of Duzhong Zhuanggu Pills on Retinoic Acid-induced Osteoporosis in Mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate improvement effect of Duzhong zhuanggu(DZ)pills on retinoic acid-induced osteopo-rosis in mice. METHODS:72 KM mice were randomized into blank control group(normal saline),model group(normal saline), positive control group (Xianling gubao capsule,0.50 g/kg),DZ pills high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups (1.90,0.95,0.48 g/kg,DZ-H,DZ-M,DZ-L groups),with 12 mice in each group. Except for blank control group,other groups were given ret-inoic acid intragastrically to induce osteoporosis model,and given relevant medicine intragastrically once a day,for 14 days. After last administration,body weight of mice was determined;the blood sample was collected from eyeball to determine the contents of serum calcium and phosphor;liver,spleen and thymus gland were collected to determine organ index;left femur was collected to determine bone wet weight,bone dry weight,length and diameter;right femur was collected to determine the area percentage, width and number of bone trabecula. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,the body weight of mice in model group were decreased;the contents of serum calcium and phosphorus were increased;liver indexes and spleen indexes were increased, while thymus indexes were decreased;bone wet weight,bone dry weight,length and diameter were decreased;area percentage, width and number of trabecular were decreased,with statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model group, the contents of serum calcium were decreased in treatment groups,and the contents of serum phosphorus were decreased in positive control group,DZ-M and DZ-L groups. Thymus indexes were increased in positive control group,DZ-M and DZ-L groups,while liver indexes were decreased in positive control group;femur wet weight of positive control group as well as femur dry and wet weight,diameters of DZ-M were all increased. The percentage,width and number of bone trabecula were increased in positive con-trol group,DZ-H and DZ-M group,and the number of bone trabecula was increased in DZ-L group,with statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:DZ pills have improvement effect on osteoporosis induced by retinoic acid in mice.

Status and hot spots of cardiac rehabilitation nursing research：a bibliometric analysis based on ;PubMed database / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the status and hot spots of cardiac rehabilitation nursing research. Methods Reviewing cardiac rehabilitation related nursing literature from Pubmed database through the method of literature metrology, searching time ranged from January 1, 2011 to April 1, 2016. Results There were 785 articles which related to cardiac rehabilitation nursing research in Pubmed database. The number of key words with frequency more than 7 times was 66, there were five hot spots in the research of cardiac rehabilitation nursing research by analyzing. They were respectively investigation of cardiac rehabilitation patients, cardiac rehabilitation intervention, application of music therapy in cardiac rehabilitation, application of internet in cardiac rehabilitation, application of the exercise therapy in cardiac rehabilitation. Conclusions Cardiac rehabilitation nursing research had been taken seriously by scholars at abroad in recent years, cardiac rehabilitation nursing research mainly focus on the investigation of cardiac rehabilitation patients, cardiac rehabilitation intervention, application of music therapy in cardiac rehabilitation and so on. Future research can be done from the above several aspects.

Exploration of action and significance of-source point for clinical diagnosis based on literature metrology / 中国针灸

Modern literature on the physical property of the-source point were collected from Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and China Biology Medicine(CBM) databases. The physical property,relevant diseases and-source acupoints were analyzed through statistical analysis of literature metrology. It is considered that articles on the electrical resistance of acupoint account for the largest part,which are mainly related to hyperthyreosis and the change of menstrual cycle. The second part is radiation spectrum,which are mostly relevant to the coronary heart disease and then the physiological change of healthy people. As to the diseases,articles of cardiovascular diseases are taken the most proportion,which were treated with the 12-source points,Shenmen(HT 7) and Daling(PC 7). Also,the results present the physical property of-source acupoints in themeridians is more sensitive to diseases and the physical property is specific to diseases. Besides,the-source acupoint can show the pathological changes of its own meridian.

POLITICS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF INSURANCE METROLOGICAL TO THE PROCESS OF MAINTENANCE OF BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENTS / POLÍTICA PARA LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LAS ACTIVIDADES DE SEGUROS METROLÓGICOS AL PROCESO DE MANTENIMIENTO DE EQUIPOS BIOMÉDICOS / POLÍTICA PARA A INTEGRAÇÃO DAS ATIVIDADES DE SEGUROS METROLÓGICAS AO PROCESSO DE MANUTENÇÃO DE EQUIPAMENTOS BIOMÉDICOS

In this article, is postulated the integration of the activities for metrology and EB's maintenance (medical equipments), in order that this could be adopted for clinics and hospitals of the national territory. In a such way, which they have a theoretical support to be able to restructure the present flowcharts in his departments of clinical engineering. For such an intention, there has effected an exhaustive technological vigilance relating to subject matter that compete with the regulation, policies and functions that apply to these activities in the country and international entities; giving evidence across a comparison between these, of the diverse discrepancies and failings that are demonstrated on having developed these activities of a way independent, since also, from the opportunities of improvement that can present the institutions of health in Colombia, on having had integrated inside his engineering departments to the above mentioned areas. Finally, all the information gathered is brought to the Colombian context to be applicable to the national healthcare system. The politics of integration is outlined and the model proposes closely for mix the metrology and the maintenance of medical equipment, of a such way that are in limit with the laws that govern them in Colombia.

En este artículo se postula la integración de las actividades de metrología y mantenimiento de EBs (equipos médicos), con el fin de que estas puedan ser adoptadas para clínicas y hospitales del territorio nacional. En una forma tal, que las instituciones tengan un soporte teórico para poder reestructurar los actuales diagramas de flujo en sus departamentos de ingeniería clínica. Con ese objetivo, se ha efectuado una exhaustiva vigilancia tecnológica relacionada con los temas que competen con la regulación, las políticas y las funciones que se aplican a estas actividades en el país y por las entidades internacionales. Este proceso ha generando evidencias a través de una comparación entre estos, de las diversas discrepancias y fallas que se demuestran al haber desarrollado estas actividades de manera independiente. Esto permitirá a su vez, oportunidades de mejora que se pueden obtener y compartir en las instituciones de salud en Colombia, al haber integrado en el interior sus departamentos de ingeniería a las áreas antes mencionadas. Por último, toda la información recogida se lleva al contexto colombiano para ser aplicable al sistema nacional de salud. Las políticas de integración se esbozan. El modelo propone una estrecha mezcla para la metrología y el mantenimiento de equipos médicos, de manera tal que se encuentran en cumplimiento de las leyes que los rigen en Colombia.

Este artigo discute a integração de atividades de metrologia e de manutenção da EBs (equipamento médico), para que estes possam ser adotadas para clínicas e hospitais no território nacional. De tal forma, que tenham um relatório teórico para reestruturar os atuais diagramas de fluxo em departamentos de engenharia clínica. Com esse objetivo, se procedeu a uma exaustiva vigilância tecnologia relacionada com os tópicos relacionados com a regulamentação, as política e as funções que se aplicam a essas atividades no país e por entidades internacionais; gerando evidências através de uma comparação entre estes das várias discrepâncias e falhas que são mostradas ao ter desenvolvido essas atividades de forma independente, permitindo que a partir de oportunidades de melhoria que se podem obter nas instituições de saúde da Colômbia, para ser integrado dentro de seus departamentos de engenharia das áreas tratadas acima. Finalmente, toda a informação recolhida é levada ao contexto colombiano para ser aplicável ao sistema nacional de saúde. As políticas de integração são descritas e o modelo propõe uma estreita mistura para a metrologia e manutenção de equipamentos médicos, para que eles estejam em conformidade com as leis que regem na Colômbia.

Bases legales y proyecciones de desarrollo de la metrología en el Sistema Nacional de Salud / Legal basis and development projection of metrology in the national health care system

La metrología es una ciencia de amplia aplicación en los servicios de salud puesto que garantiza la objetividad, confiabilidad, trazabilidad y uniformidad de las mediciones. Es propósito de este informe presentar las bases legales de la metrología en Cuba y sus perspectivas de desarrollo en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Se realizó una búsqueda acerca de la pertinencia de esta ciencia y de las proyecciones del Ministerio de Salud Pública para su desarrollo. En Cuba, la metrología está refrendada en los Lineamientos de la Política Económica y Social del Partido y la Revolución y soportada legalmente. En el sector de la salud, el aseguramiento metrológico lo apoya, fundamentalmente, el Servicio Nacional de Metrología y la red de servicios de electromedicina, que dentro de sus funciones tiene la de reparar y calibrar equipos e instrumentos de medición. La existencia de las nuevas tecnologías y los requerimientos del Sistema conllevan a la implementación, por parte del Ministerio de Salud Pública, de un conjunto de acciones dirigidas al desarrollo de la metrología, entre ellas, la formación y superación de los recursos humanos, el desarrollo de las inversiones, la utilización de los resultados de la ciencia, el control y las alianzas estratégicas. Todos son elementos claves para garantizar las actividades de aseguramiento metrológico que demanda el Sistema Nacional de Salud y contribuir, desde esa óptica, al progreso de la salud pública, al mejoramiento de la calidad de los servicios y a la satisfacción de la población(AU)

Metrology is science of great application in health care services since it assures objectivity, reliability, traceability and uniformity of measurements. The objective of the present report was to present the legal bases of metrology in Cuba and its development prospects in the Cuban health care system. A search was made on the relevance of this science and the projections of the Ministry of Public Health for its advancement. Metrology is included in the Guidelines of the Economic and Social Policy of the Party and the Revolution and is legally endorsed in Cuba. The National Service of Metrology and the medical equipment maintenance and repair service are the ones that render the metrological assurance in the health care sector. One of their functions is to repair and calibrate measurement tools and equipment. The new technologies and the requirements of the national health care system lead to the implementation of a set of actions by the Ministry of Public Health towards the development of metrology such as formation and upgrading of human resources, investment plans, utilization of the scientific results, control and strategic alliances. All of these are key elements to guarantee the metrological assurance activities that the health system demands, thus contributing to the advance of the public health, the improvement of the service quality and the satisfaction of the population(AU)

Analysis on published papers from 2003 to 2012 by Disease control agencies of Chongqing / 中华医学科研管理杂志

The author carried on bibliometrics statistical analysis of published papers during 2003-2012 by Disease control agencies of Chongqing and put forward some suggestions based on the results of the analysis.The results showed that in 10 years,the number of published papers for a total of 1154 with an average annual growth rate of 10.41％,of which 467 core journals,journal article 687.the difference between the municipal,district and county larger.The quantity and quality of published papers showed an upward trend,but there is still development space and the quality of the paper should be improved.