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Background: Thyroid nodules are a common entity encountered in clinical practice and the prevalence by palpation is only 3-7%, but on ultrasonographic evaluation it is 20-76% with wide variability. Accurate prediction of malignancy with minimal diagnostic modalities and assessing the risk factors in malignancy may help in reducing extensive procedures. The objective of the study is to assess the risk factors associated with development of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodules and to find out the percentage of malignancy among the cases of solitary nodules.Methods: A three year prospective study was conducted at ACSR medical college and all cases diagnosed as solitary thyroid nodules were enrolled and institutional ethical approval was obtained. Socio demographic data, clinical history and ultrasonogram findings were collected and entered in a separate data sheet for analysis. Fine needle aspiration cytology, histopathological examination was done and reported findings were noted. Statistical analysis was done in SPPS version 20 and ‘p’ value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: 128 cases of solitary thyroid nodules (STN) with 41 male and 87 female cases and F:M ratio of 2.13:1 with mean age of 46.6±10.8 years was enrolled. 43.75% were euthyroid, 47.66% were hypothyroid and 8.59% were hyperthyroid on hormonal evaluation. Micro calcification was observed in 50.78%, increased vascularity in 38.28% and irregular margins in 34.38% of cases. Colloid goitre was predominant observation on fine needle aspiration cytology (40.6%) and follicular adenoma (32%) on histopathology.Conclusions: Features of micro calcification, solid echogenicity, and associated lymphadenopathy are associated features with increased risk of malignancy among STN.
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Objective: To investigate the correlation between the prognosis of breast cancer patients and mammographic calcification. Methods: A total of 1 035 breast cancer patients with complete clin ical information were in cluded in this study. According to mammographic calcification before operation, the patients were divided into calcification group and non-calcification group, and then the expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) were compared between two groups. The influence of calcification on the positive expression rates of ER, PR and HER-2 and the relationship between calcification and tumor size, axillary lymph node status, histological grade, molecular classification and prognosis were analyzed. Results: The rate of calcification in the patients with axillary node metastasis was significantly higher than that in the patients without lymphatic metastasis [53.6% (199/371) vs 47.1% (312/663)] (P 0.05). In survival analysis, there was no obvious difference between the calcification group and non-calcification group. Conclusion: The breast cancer with micro-calcification shown on mammographic X-ray images was associated with the expression of HER-2, molecular typing and axillary lymph node status. The calcification is likely to have no effect on the survival of patients.
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Objective To evaluate the ability of micropure system on calcifications detection of thyroid nodules. Methods A total of 63 patients with thyroid nodules that prepared for surgery were detected by micropure system and gray?scale ultrasound imaging,respectively. Results Among the 87 lesions removed with surgery,there were 72 benign lesions and 15 malignant ones. For the coarse calcifications,3 calcifications in the benign lesions were found both by micropure system and gray?scale ultrasound imaging;while in these malignant lesions,11 and 9 calcifications were visual?ized by micropure system and gray?scale ultrasound imaging,respectively. There was no significant difference between the two methods(P>0.05). For the micro?calcifications,8 and 2 calcifications were found in the benign lesions by micropure system and gray?scale ultrasound imaging,respec?tively;while 12 and 5 calcifications were visualized in the malignant lesions by micropure system and gray?scale ultrasound imaging,respectively. The micropure system method is more sensitive in micro?calcification detection compare to the traditional gray?scale ultrasound imaging method(P<0.05). Conclusion Micropure system can detect micro?calcifications and has a better visibility for micro?calcifications within the thyroid lesions, which can be applied in early thyroid cancer diagnosis.
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Objective To compare the accuracy and clinical effect between X-ray stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy (SVAB) and metal wire guided lumpectony.Methods From January 2010 to June 2014,681 cases of breast micro-calcification biopsy were performed.Among them,78 cases were performed with SVAB and 603 eases were performed with the method of stereotaetic metal wire guided lumpectomy.All cases were non-palpable breast lesions (NPBLs) and breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) assessment categories 4.The diagnostic accuracy and clinical effect were compared.Results The sensitivity of both methods was 100 ％ with no misdiagnosis.The underestimation rate of SVAB was 12.5 ％.Compared with the method of metal wire guided lumpectomy,SVAB had many advantages,such as easy to use,quickly performed,low rate of local deformation and lower rate of operative complications.77.5 ％ patients benefited from SVAB by avoiding open surgery of benign disease.Conclusions SVAB is an accurate,safe and convenient method of biopsy.It can be recommended as the preferred method of micro-calcification (BI-RADS 4).Additional operation should be performed on patients with the pathological diagnosis of middle and high grade of dysplasia and any kind of carcinoma.