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OBJECTIVE: To observe the time-effect of stimulation of the embedded poly glycolide-co-lactide (PGLA) suture in Sanyinjiao (SP6) area in normal human body, so as to provide an experimental evidence for clinical application of micro-invasion suture-embedding at an appropriate interval. METHODS: A total of 8 healthy volunteer students (3 boys and 5 girls, ranging in age from 24 to 27 years) were recruited in the present study. A piece of sterilized PGLA suture was implanted into the left SP6 using minimally invasive surgery after strict local skin disinfection. The fat-suppression T2 weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI, displaying local lesion after eliminating interference of fat tissue signals), and T2 mapping 8-echo train images were acquired before and 8 h, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after PGLA suture embedment by using a MR imaging system. After transformation of the T2-mapping 8-echo train images into T2-mapping images by using a relevant software, the T2 values (meaning the relaxation time of the local muscle) of the left SP6 were measured, followed by analysis of the signal intensity of T2 weighted fat-suppression images and T2 values at different time-points. RESULTS: Before the suture embedding, no abnormal signals were found in the signal intensity of T2 weighted fat-suppression images. After PGLA suture embedment, the local signal intensity of T2WI fat-suppression images was relatively increased at the 8th h, and on day 3, 7, 10 and 14 relevant to pre-embedment, but gradually atte-nuated on day 10 and 14. The T2 values were significantly increased at the 5 time-points of post-embedment (all P0.05), and being markedly lowered on day 14 relevant to day 7 (P<0.01) in spite of being still markedly higher than that of pre-embedding (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The signal intensity of T2 weighted fat-suppression images and T2 values acquired from PGLA-suture-embedded SP6 acupoint area in healthy subjects may keep at least for 2 weeks, suggesting that the stimulating reaction of suture-embedment persists more than 14 days. Hence, when a micro-invasion embedding with PGLA suture performed, the interval of two weeks would be appropriate.
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Objective@#To study the relationships between microscopic marginal extensions and tumor types, and ultrasonic characteristics of malignant liver tumors.@*Methods@#Two-dimensional ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and ultrasound-guided biopsy of hepatic tumors and surrounding hepatic tissues were performed in 78 patients with malignant liver tumor. Pathological microscopic extensions were observed after hematoxylin-eosin staining of biopsy specimens.@*Results@#The microscopic marginal extension rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and metastatic liver cancer (MLC) were 62.5%(30/48), 87.5%(7/8), and 91.0% (20/22), respectively. For tumors with well-defined and poorly-defined two-dimensional ultrasound boundary, microscopic marginal extension rates were 50%(14/28), and 86%(43/50). Tumor type and two-dimensional ultrasound boundary were independent predictors for microscopic extension rate (P<0.05). The median microscopic extension distances of HCC, ICC and MLC were 1.0(0, 3.0)mm, 4.0(2.3, 4.0)mm, and 2.0(1.8, 4.0)mm, respectively. The distance of microscopic extension increased with tumor size. Tumor type and tumor size were independent predictors for the distance of microscopic extension (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#ICC, MLC, and tumors with larger diameter or poorly-defined two-dimensional ultrasound boundary have a larger distance of microscopic extension.
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Objective To study the relationships between microscopic marginal extensions and tumor types ,and ultrasonic characteristics of malignant liver tumors . Methods Two‐dimensional ultrasonography , contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography and ultrasound‐guided biopsy of hepatic tumors and surrounding hepatic tissues were performed in 78 patients with malignant liver tumor . Pathological microscopic extensions were observed after hematoxylin‐eosin staining of biopsy specimens . Results T he microscopic marginal extension rates of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) ,intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ( ICC) and metastatic liver cancer ( M LC) were 62 .5% ( 30/48 ) ,87 .5% ( 7/8 ) ,and 91 .0% ( 20/22 ) ,respectively . For tumors with well‐defined and poorly‐defined two‐dimensional ultrasound boundary ,microscopic marginal extension rates were 50% ( 14/28) ,and 86% ( 43/50) . T umor type and two‐dimensional ultrasound boundary were independent predictors for microscopic extension rate ( P ＜ 0 .05 ) . T he median microscopic extension distances of HCC ,ICC and M LC were 1 .0 ( 0 ,3 .0 ) mm ,4 .0 ( 2 .3 ,4 .0 ) mm ,and 2 .0 ( 1 .8 ,4 .0 ) mm ,respectively . T he distance of microscopic extension increased with tumor size . T umor type and tumor size were independent predictors for the distance of microscopic extension ( P ＜0 .05) . Conclusions ICC ,MLC ,and tumors with larger diameter or poorly‐defined two‐dimensional ultrasound boundary have a larger distance of microscopic extension .
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Hydromorphone (HM), appeared in the Chinese market in 2013 is a more potent opioid analgesic than morphine and is used for moderate to severe pain. Micro-invasive drug administration methods,including continuous infusion and patientcontrolled analgesia(PCA), will provide hopes for controlling the outbreak of pain and improving patients' satisfaction. At present, hydromorphone is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of acute pain, chronic pain and cancer pain. However, we should also consider the stability and compatibility of hydromorphone in the implantable infusion system that is most commonly used in these patients. The purpose of this paper is to review the clinical application and stability (changes in color, pH and concentration) of hydromorphone in different infusion systems so as to provide the basis of rational clinical application.
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Hydromorphone(HM),appeared in the Chinese market in 2013 is a more potent opioid analgesic than morphine and is used for moderate to severe pain. Micro-invasive drug administration methods,including continuous infusion and patientcon?trolled analgesia(PCA),will provide hopes for controlling the outbreak of pain and improving patients' satisfaction. At present ,hydro?morphone is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of acute pain,chronic pain and cancer pain. However,we should also con?sider the stability and compatibility of hydromorphone in the implantable infusion system that is most commonly used in these patients. The purpose of this paper is to review the clinical application and stability(changes in color,pH and concentration)of hydromor?phone in different infusion systems so as to provide the basis of rational clinical application.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To in vivo dynamically observe the time-effect characteristic of local stimulating effect on acupoints after micro-invasion embedding, which could provide references for the interval period of micro-invasion embedding.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>With magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, the local T2WI fat-suppression images and T2 Mapping 8-echo sequence images were collected at multiple time points from 8 healthy subjects who received embedding at left Sanyinjiao (SP 6).After the 8-echo sequence images were transformed into T2 Mapping images by using software FuncTool, the T2 average value of embedding area was measured, and the changes of local signal strength of T2WI fat-suppression images and T2 average value along with time after embedding at left Sanyinjiao (SP 6)were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared before embedding, the signal strength of local T2WI fat-suppression images and the T2 average value began to increase 8 h after being embedded(<0.01); the signal strength of T2WI fat-suppression images and the T2 average value were significantly increased 3 d and 7 d after being embedded(all<0.01);the signal strength of local T2WI fat-suppression images and the T2 average value 14 d after being embedded were lower than those at previous 2 time points, but higher than those before embedding(both<0.01); 21 d, 28 d and 35 d after embedding, the signal strength of local T2WI fat-suppression images and the T2 average value were similar to those before treatment (all>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>After micro-invasion embedding at Sanyinjiao (SP 6), the stimulation effect period on acupoint is approximately 21 days.When applying micro-invasion embedding under similar condition at acupoints which has similar structure as Sanyinjiao (SP 6), the interval period of embedding could consider 21 days as a reference.</p>
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Objective To analyze the mammographic findings of ductal carcinoma in situ,and to improve DCIS diagnosis.Methods 1 58 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinomas,27 cases of DCIS and 14 cases of DCIS with microinvasion identified by postoperative pathological were collected,and their mammographic data were analyzed etrospectively.Results There were significantly more calci-fication and pure calcification in DCIS group than in IDC group(both P 0.05),both of them mostly showed granula and punctate calcification.There were statistically significant difference those two diseases for the distribution of calcification (P <0.05),the linearity and V-shaped segmental distribution occupies a relatively high percentage in DCIS while the cluster-like calcification occupies a relatively high percentage in IDC.Conclusion Pure calcification is mainly mammographic feature of DCIS.The characteristic of calcification is distribute along duct.