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The scaffolding teaching is a kind of "student-centered" teaching desgin. In this study, the teacher breaks down complex content into simply conceptual framework so as to enable students to define their learning objectives, provide help for students' learning, and guide students to think independently and explore cooperatively to construct their own knowledge system. Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Technology is a specialized course with very complicated theoretical contents, which can break up the whole into parts by scaffolding instruction, combined with the learning strategies of cooperation, exploration and mind mapping. Finally, "installment fixed deposit" is realized by induction and summary. The scaffolding teaching model promotes students' ability of autonomous learning, analytical reasoning and innovation.
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OBJECTIVE:To strengthen quality management of drug microbiology laboratory and provide reference for relevant inspection institutions. METHODS:Taking measures from the laboratory document management,personnel training,quality con-trol,quality supervision,process control and biological safety,the elements of laboratory quality management were analyzed,and effectively measures were put forward to improve the management level. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The laboratory should es-tablish strict,standardized,systematic laboratory management rules and regulations,quality documents,operating procedures, work guide,etc. to achieve documented management;develop various forms of annual training and assessment programs to con-struct a professional team;strengthen internal(developing an annual internal quality monitoring plan,conducting quality control ac-tivities,regularly checking the suitability of the medium) and external (capability testing,inter-laboratory comparison) manage-ment control level,and reasonably formulate the contents and frequency by combing with actual situation. Besides,the laboratory should strengthen inspection process control,attach great importance to the biological safety management to reduce the risk of labo-ratory quality to a minimum.
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Objetivo. Determinar las bacterias del aire de un laboratorio de enseñanza de microbiología de la Universidad Distrital y así establecer la posibilidad de riesgo para la salud a la exponen los usuarios por la presencia de estos microorganismos. Métodos. Se tomaron muestras de aire por la técnica de sedimentación, se realizaron recuentos, y caracterización macroscópica y microscópica de las colonias. Después de aislamientos selectivos se llevó a cabo identificación por BD BBL Crystal. Resultados. Se obtuvo mayor recuento de bacterias Gram positivas que de Gram negativas. Se encontraron bacterias de los géneros Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Yersinia, Serratia, Shigella, Klebsiella, Citrobacter y Acinetobacter. Los resultados mostraron que las bacterias identificadas no suponen riesgo elevado para la salud de los usuarios sanos, pero que es necesario implementar medidas para disminuir la carga bacteriana y disminuir posibles afecciones generales en la salud de sus ocupantes.
Objective. Determine airborne bacteria in a teaching laboratory of microbiology at the Distrital University and establish the bacteriological quality of air which users are exposed. Methods. Air samples were taken by sedimentation technique. The recovered colonies were counted, macroscopic and microscopic characterized and culture in selective media. The isolates were identifies by BD BBL Crystal. Results. It was found greater counts of gram-positive bacteria compared with Gram negative. It was identified bacteria of genus Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Yersinia, Serratia, Shigella, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Acinetobacter. The results showed that the bacteria identified do not present high risk to healthy of users, but it is necessary to implement measures to reduce the bacterial presence. Additionally, in this way decrease possible impact in general health of its occupants.
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Humans , Bacteriology , Environmental Quality , Laboratories , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Rational use of antibiotics can delay the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, and antimicrobial resistance surveillance provides the basis for standardizing clinical rational use of antibiotics. Therefore, antimicrobial resistance surveillance network is of great importance, and its construction can improve the rational use of antibiotics.The construction of antimicrobial resistance surveillance network should emphasize the capacity building of clinical microbiology laboratory and enhance quality control of resistance data based on the standards put forth by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute ( CLSI) .
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Objective To introduce the construction and application of clinical microbiology laboratory data management expert system.Methods Firstly, the process management was introduced to clinical microbiology laboratory. Then the characteristics of data on each node of work process were analyzed, and SQL Server data table was created as the knowledge base of the expert system.Finally, VB6.0 was used to compile the knowledge acquisition module, reasoning desktop module and input/output interface procedures to finally construct the expert system.Rates of defect report, errors in bacterial identification and drug sensitivity test, delay in culture results reporting and average delayed days were compared before and after the application of the expert system.Results The expert system could be used for data management in process nodes like sample reception, information collection and input, bacteria culture medium selection, bacterial identification and drug sensitive test, interpretation of drug sensitivity results, comprehensive evaluation in bacterial identification and drug sensitivity results, report of negative result, report of positive result, blood culture, Mycoplasma culture, time limit of detection, and nosocomial infection indicators.No defect report was found after the application of expert system; rate of errors in selection of drug sensitivity test medium was reduced from 0.81% ( 31/3 836 ) in 2012 to 0.02%(1/5 433) in 2014;rate of delay in culture results reporting was reduced from 1.78% (320/17 983) to 1.18%(232/19 692), and the average delayed days was also reduced (3.8 d vs.3.2 d).Conclusion Clinical microbiology laboratory data management expert system can improve work efficiency and reduce errors, which can enhance the overall management of laboratory and the quality of clinical service.
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Quality control (QC) processes are being performed in the majority of clinical microbiology laboratories to ensure the performance of microbial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by using ATCC strains. To obtain these ATCC strains, some inconveniences are encountered concerning the purchase cost of the strains and the shipping time required. This study was focused on constructing a database of reference strains for QC processes using domestic bacterial strains, concentrating primarily on antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Three strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) that showed legible results in preliminary testing were selected. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and zone diameters (ZDs) of eight antimicrobials for each strain were determined according to the CLSI M23. All resulting MIC and ZD ranges included at least 95% of the data. The ZD QC ranges obtained by using the CLSI method were less than 12 mm, and the MIC QC ranges extended no more than five dilutions. This study is a preliminary attempt to construct a bank of Korean QC strains. With further studies, a positive outcome toward cost and time reduction can be anticipated.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Asian People , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Laboratories , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Quality Control , Reference Values , Republic of Korea , Staining and Labeling , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effectsABSTRACT
Cubic and conductive teaching pattern is based on standardized operation process of microbiological specimens. It uses multi-dimensional teaching methods including tests, question guid-ance, discussion, lectures, measurements and scientific researches to lead the undergraduate students to master the standardized inspection process and to train talents with good gifts and abilities in prac-tical application. The teaching pattern helps the trainees complete training in basic experiment skills, analysis and problem solving skills, scientific thinking and working methods. Then the corresponding practical quantification evaluation criteria has been established according to the standardized inspec-tion process to assess the interns' level of grasping various vocational skills and comprehensive appli-cation in the inspection process. This pattern reflects the teaching philosophy of modern laboratory medicine and can scientifically and objectively assess the talent cultivation quality and teaching quality. Since its implementation, these trainees have improved their overall vocational abilities, and made a good preparation for their practical work after school. Besides, it has enhanced the teaching level of microbiology laboratory practice and has been highly valued by interns. It is hoped that this practical experience will be a useful attempt to promote medical education development of modern laboratory medicine.
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Clinical microbiology laboratories play a critical role in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) and monitoring its treatment. Poor quality laboratory services remain a major barrier to diagnosis by microscopy and culture, and may complicate the interpretation of drug susceptibility testing (DST) results. External quality assessment (EQA) for microscopy is an important component of quality assurance, and includes panel testing, slide rechecking, and on-site supervision. Periodic panel testing is the simplest way to assess the performance of laboratories. Rechecking of a sample of routine smears by a higher-level laboratory is the method of choice for evaluation and continuous motivation of peripheral laboratories. On-site supervision allows the observation of workers' performance under actual conditions, including equipment handling, laboratory safety, adequacy of supplies, and the processes used for smearing, staining, reading, recording, and reporting. Culture performance is not easily measured, and existing EQA programs are not sensitive enough to estimate the sensitivity of the process. Therefore, laboratory regulations and accreditation programs are critical to assure the quality of cultures. The Supranational Reference Laboratory Network (SRLN) was organized in 1994 to ensure optimal performance of laboratories conducting DST. A panel of 30 pretested and coded isolates is exchanged annually within the network for proficiency testing. It has been demonstrated that education and an EQA program can improve the proficiency of TB laboratories. However, quality programs in Korea are still weak. Expanded and strengthened laboratory quality improvement systems are necessary to achieve TB control in this country.
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Accreditation , Dietary Sucrose , Equipment and Supplies , Handling, Psychological , Korea , Microscopy , Motivation , Organization and Administration , Quality Improvement , Social Control, Formal , TuberculosisABSTRACT
Laboratory teaching played the crucial part of microbiology teaching, which was benefit to improve the operational capacity, analysis and resolving ability of students. We carried out the multiplicity teaching by remodeling experiment process, designing integral test, and resolving practical issue and setting up comprehensive trail. It was proved by fact that the multiplicity teaching increased the study interesting of students, inspired their activity, initiative and creativity.