ABSTRACT
Bladder innervation is a complex network integrating the activation of Autonomic Nervous System and somatic Nervous System controlled by Central Nervous System. Due to the intricacies of the Neural mechanisms involved, this whole process of Bladder control and Micturition is subject to varied pathological insults at various levels. Neurogenic Bladder is classified depending on the location of the lesion. Only a clear understanding of these mechanisms will allow us to obtain a detailed history and thus initiate appropriate treatment strategies. This review highlights the Anatomy and Physiology of variou Neural Networks regulating the Bladder function and also the variedmanifestations of Neurogenic Bladder, which will guide us in successful therapeutic intervention
ABSTRACT
Summary: To study whether the sympathetic nerves coordinate with the parasympathetic nerves during micturition in the rat. We used antegrade neural tracing with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) injected into the pontine micturition center (PMC) to label the terminals in the L6-S1 cord. Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons (PPNs) in the L6-S1 segment were labelled by retrograde transport of Fluorogold (FG) from the major pelvic ganglion (MPG).We detected retrograde neurons in L6-S1 using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the L1-L2 segment where sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) are located. Immunohistochemical methods showed that PPNs were identified to be choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive (ChAT-IR). HRP-labelled neurons were not ChAT-IR and located dorsal to PPNs. BDA-labelled terminals were located mainly in the bilateral IML of L6-S1, some of which had synaptic contact with the HRP-labelled neurons. In addition, there were some wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) labelled terminals in the ipsilateral IML of the L1-L2 segment after WGA-HRP was microinjected into SPN. We conclude that PMC may control the preganglionic neurons of sympathetic nerves through the interneurons located dorsal to PPNs.