ABSTRACT
Acute effect of purified mimosine (MiMo) extracted from Leucaena leucocephala on testicular histopathology has been documented with seminal vesicle (SV) atrophy. Since protein phosphorylation and seminal secretions play important roles in sperm physiology, this study aimed to study the alteration of substances including tyrosine phosphorylated (TyrPho) proteins in seminal vesicle treated with MiMo. Male mice were divided into a control and experimental groups treated with purified MiMo at 3 doses of 15, 30, and 60 mg/KgBW, respectively for 35 consecutive days. The morphology and weights of SV were compared among groups. The levels of magnesium and fructosamine in SV fluid were assayed. The profiles of equally SV total proteins were compared using SDS-PAGE. The expression of seminal TyrPho proteins was detected by western blotting. Recent results showed the decreased weights of SV in MiMo treated mice compared to control. However MiMo in all doses did not affect the levels of magnesium and fructosamine in SV fluid. The SV protein expression of 130 and 55 kDas was obviously decreased in a high dose MiMo. In dose-dependent response, the expressions of 72 and 55 kDas TyrPho proteins of SV were increased. In conclusion, MiMo could affect SV morphological size and protein secretions especially TyrPho proteins.
El efecto agudo de la mimosina purificada (MiMo) extraída de Leucaena leucocephala en la histopatología testicular se ha documentado con atrofia de vesícula seminal (VS). Debido a que la fosforilación de proteínas y las secreciones seminales tienen un papel importante en la fisiología de los espermatozoides, este estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar la alteración de sustancias como la proteína tirosina fosforilada (TyrPho) en vesículas seminales tratadas con MiMo. Los ratones se dividieron en un grupo control y un grupo experimental y se trataron con MiMo purificado en 3 dosis de 15, 30 y 60 mg / KgBW, respectivamente, durante 35 días seguidos. La morfología y los pesos de VS se compararon entre los grupos. Fueron analizados los niveles de magnesio y fructosamina en el fluido VS. Los perfiles de las proteínas totales de VS se compararon utilizando SDS-PAGE. La expresión de la proteína TyrPho en las vesículas seminales se detectó mediante transferencia de Western blot. Los resultados recientes muestran la disminución del peso de las VS en ratones tratados con MiMo, en comparación con el grupo control. Sin embargo, en ninguna de las dosis se vieron afectados por mimosina purificada los niveles de magnesio y fructosamina en el líquido de las VS. La expresión de la proteína en VS de 130 y 55 kDas disminuyó notablemente en una dosis alta de MiMo. En la respuesta dependiente de la dosis, aumentaron las expresiones de 72 y 55 kDas de las proteínas TyrPho en las VS. En conclusión, la mimosina purificada podría afectar el tamaño morfológico de las VS y la expresión de proteínas, especialmente las proteínas TyrPho.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Phosphoproteins/drug effects , Seminal Vesicles/drug effects , Mimosine/administration & dosage , Organ Size , Phosphoproteins/metabolism , Phosphorylation , Seminal Vesicles/pathology , Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives , Blotting, Western , Phosphotyrosine , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Mice, Inbred ICR , Mimosine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the mimosine level and examine the male reproductive toxicity effects of Leucaena leucocephala (LL) shoot tips plus young leaf extract. Mimosine level in LL extract was determined by thin layer chromatography before administration in animals. Male rats were divided into control and LL (1,500 mg/KgBW) groups (n = 6). After 60 days of experiment, serum sex hormones, sperm quality, and testicular histopathology were assayed and observed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and expressions of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) and phosphorylated proteins in testicular lysate were examined by western blotting. Results showed that mimosine levels in LL extract was 17.35 ± 1.12 % of dry weight. LL significantly decreased FSH & LH levels, sperm qualities, and seminiferous tubule diameter compared to the control (p<0.05). Seminiferous tubular atrophies, germ cell sloughing, and degenerations were observed in LL group. In addition, testicular MDA level and StAR protein expression were significantly decreased in LL group. LL extract could increase the expression of a 50 kDa phohorylated protein in testicular lysate. In conclusion, LL extract has mimosine and reproductive toxicity effects on males.
Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de mimosina y examinar los efectos de la toxicidad reproductiva de los brotes de Leucaena leucocephala (LL), más el extracto de hojas jóvenes, en ratas macho. El nivel de mimosina en el extracto de LL se determinó mediante cromatografía en capa fina antes de la administración en animales. Las ratas se dividieron en grupos de control y LL (1,500 mg / kgBW) (n = 6). Después de 60 días, se analizaron y observaron las hormonas sexuales séricas, la calidad de los espermatozoides y la histopatología testicular. A través de Western Blot se examinaron el nivel de malondialdehído (MDA), las expresiones de reguladores agudos esteroidogénicos (StAR) y las proteínas fosforiladas en el lisado testicular. Los resultados mostraron que los niveles de mimosina en el extracto de LL fueron 17.35 ± 1.12 % del peso seco. LL disminuyó significativamente los niveles de FSH y LH, la calidad de los espermatozoides y el diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos en comparación con el control (p <0,05). Se observaron atrofias en los túbulos seminíferos, desprendimiento de células germinales y degeneraciones en el grupo LL. Además, el nivel de MDA testicular y la expresión de la proteína StAR se redujeron significativamente en el grupo LL. El extracto de LL podría aumentar la expresión de la proteína fosforilada de 50 kDa en el lisado testicular. En conclusión, el extracto de LL tiene mimosina y efectos de toxicidad reproductiva en los hombres.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Genitalia, Male/drug effects , Fabaceae , Mimosine/analysis , Sperm Count , Spermatozoa/drug effects , Testis/drug effects , Blotting, WesternABSTRACT
This study attempted to examine the acute effect of purified minosine extracted from Leucaena leucocephala on male reproductive system. Adults male mice were divided into 4 groups (n =8); control and 3 experimental groups treated with purified mimosine at different doses of 15, 30, and 60 mg/KgBW, respectively for 7 consecutive days. The morphological features and weights of body and reproductive organs including testis, epididymis plus vas deferens, and seminal vesicle were compared among groups. In addition, epididymal sperm concentration and the changes of histopathology of testicular tissues in all groups were observed. The results showed that mimosine in all doses did not affect mice body weights. However, all doses of mimosine could significantly reduce the absolute and relative weights of testis and seminal vesicle but not of epididymis plus vas deferens. Significantly, mimosine at doses of 30, and 60 mg/KgBW could decrease sperm concentration. Moreover, the seminiferous atrophy and degeneration were obviously found in mimosine treated mice as compared to the control. In conclusion, consumption of Leucaena leucocephala edible parts containing mimosine could damage male reproductive organs which may cause acute male subfertility or infertility.
Este estudio intentó examinar el efecto agudo de la mimosina purificada extraída de Leucaena leucocephala en el sistema reproductivo masculino. Se dividieron ratones machos adultos en 4 grupos (n = 8): un grupo control y tres grupos experimentales tratados con mimosina purificada a diferentes dosis de 15, 30 y 60 mg / Kg por peso, respectivamente, durante 7 días consecutivos. Se compararon entre los grupos, las características morfológicas y el peso corporal, los órganos reproductivos, incluyendo los testículos, el epidídimo más conducto deferente y vesícula seminal. Además, se observó la concentración de espermatozoides epididimarios y los cambios de la histopatología de los tejidos testiculares en todos los grupos. Los resultados mostraron que la mimosina no afectó los pesos corporales de los ratones. Sin embargo, todas las dosis de mimosina podrían reducir significativamente los pesos absolutos y relativos de los testículos y las glándulas seminales, pero no así del epidídimo y los conductos deferentes. La mimosina en dosis de 30 y 60 mg / Kg por peso podría disminuir significativamente la concentración de esperma. Además, se observó la atrofia y degeneración seminífera en ratones tratados con mimosina en comparación con el grupo control. En conclusión, el consumo de partes comestibles de Leucaena leucocephala que contienen mimosina podría dañar los órganos reproductivos masculinos, lo que puede causar subfertilidad masculina aguda o infertilidad.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Testis/drug effects , Fabaceae , Mimosine/pharmacology , Organ Size , Seminal Vesicles/drug effects , Mice, Inbred ICRABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate whether hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) targeting pharmacological drugs, echinomycin, resveratrol and CdCl
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate whether hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) targeting pharmacological drugs, echinomycin, resveratrol and CdCl2 which inhibit HIF-1α stimulation, and mimosine, which enhances the stability of HIF-1α present antileishmanial properties.@*METHODS@#The leishmanicidal effect of drugs was evaluated in mouse macrophages and Balb/c mouse model for cutaneous leishmaniosis.@*RESULTS@#Resveratrol and CdCl2 reduced the parasite load [IC50, (27.3 ± 2.25) μM and (24.8 ± 0.95) μM, respectively]. The IC50 value of echinomycin was (22.7 ± 7.36) nM and mimosine did not alter the parasite load in primary macrophages. The macrophage viability IC50 values for resveratrol, echinomycin and CdCl2 and mimosine were >40 μM, >100 nM, >200 μM and>2000 μM, respectively. In vivo no differences between cutaneous lesions from control, resveratrol- and echinomycin-treated Balb/c mice were detected.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Resveratrol, echinomycin and CdCl2 reduce parasite survival in vitro. The HIF-1α targeting pharmacological drugs require further study to more fully determine their anti-Leishmania potential and their role in therapeutic strategies.
ABSTRACT
Developing a new agent in the anti-inflammatory and analgesic field, plants secondary metabolites can be a good source for the Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) drug development. For this purpose we subjected the active compounds of Mimosa pudica Linn. to reveal its potentiality by molecular docking analysis to find out its potent compound against COX which was done by GOLD docking analysis. Docking studies by GOLD showed that vitexin of Mimosa pudica had the highest fitness score against the COX-1 which is 60.43 and 63.49 for COX-2 enzyme. Vitexin of Mimosa pudica detected with significant fitness score and hydrogen bonding against COX-1 and COX-2 which may be a potent analgesic compound.
ABSTRACT
The effects of mimosine (MI), which is an amino acid that is derived from Leucaena leucocephala, were evaluated on the growth of ascitic Ehrlich tumors, and the effects of the combination treatment of MI and cyclophosphamide (CY) on tumor growth were also assessed. Mice were divided into groups that received the following treatments over the course of 20 days: phosphate buffer solution (CO), MI, Ehrlich cells (E), E plus CY (EC), E plus MI (EM) and E plus MI and CY (EMC). No signs of toxicity were detected in the mice from the MI group. The mice from the EMC group showed reductions in body weights when compared with those from the E group. The animals from the EC, EM and EMC groups showed reductions in ascitic volume compared with those from the E group. The mice from the EMC group showed reductions in total cell numbers of ascitic fluid compared with those from the E, EC and EM groups. The combination of MI and CY was the most effective treatment for Ehrlich tumor ascites.
ABSTRACT
Poisoning of a goat by Leucaena leucocephalai (Leg. Mimosoideae) in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is described. Fresh leaves of the plant were ingested as the animal's main meal for at least 4 months before it developed total alopecia. At necropsy the thyroid was moderately enlarged. Histological examination revealed a decrease in the number of hair follicles (empty or in telogenic phase), vacuolation of keratinocytes of the epidermis and hair follicles, and superficial and follicular hyperkeratosis. Myxedema was found between skeletal and cardiac muscles fibers, in the kidneys, and in the submucosa/muscular layer of the digestive tract. The thyroid follicles were enlarged and filled with copious amounts of colloid (colloidal goiter). Although L. leucocephala is common in several tropical regions, natural poisoning by this plant in goats seems to be rare. It is the first report about spontaneous poisoning in goats by L. leucocephala in Brazil.
Este trabalho descreve a intoxicação natural por Leucaena leucocephalai em um caprino, no município de Maricá, RJ. No ano de 1997, o animal ingeriu voluntariamente as folhas da planta fresca como alimentação quase exclusiva, por pelo menos 4 meses, e, aos poucos, foi perdendo os pêlos até tornar-se totalmente alopécico. À necropsia, a tireóide estava moderadamente aumentada. O exame microscópico revelou decréscimo do número de folículos, além de folículos sem pêlos ou em fase telogênica, vacuolização de queratinócitos da epiderme e de folículos e acentuada hiperqueratose superficial e folicular. Havia mixedema entre fibras musculares esqueléticas e cardíacas, no rim e na submucosa, e muscular do trato digestório. Os folículos tireoideanos estavam dilatados e preenchidos por grande quantidade de colóide ("bócio coloidal"). Embora essa planta seja freqüente em várias regiões tropicais, a ocorrência natural dessa intoxicação parece bastante rara e ainda não havia sido descrita em caprinos no Brasil.