Effects of mind-body exercise on sleep quality: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo systematically review the effects of mind-body exercise on sleep quality, and to sort out the influencing factors of mind-body exercise intervention program. MethodsLiteratures about the effects of mind-body exercise on sleep were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data from establishment to June 1, 2022. The author, country, publication time, study object, study method, intervention process, measurement tool and outcome index were extracted from the selected literature. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality. ResultsA total of 14 English literatures were included, all of which were randomized controlled trails, and the overall research quality was good. Mind-body exercise methods included Taijiquan, Qigong and Baduanjin. Most of the subjects were old and sick people. Physical exercise intervention with a duration of ten to twelve weeks, a single time of 60 minutes and at least two to three times a week could improve sleep quality to the greatest extent. The health status of the participants was an important factor affecting the effect of the intervention. ConclusionMind-body exercise can improve sleep quality, relieve anxiety and depression, and promote mental health.

Treatment of chronic urticaria with acupuncture and moxibustion by "mind-body regulation" based on "psychosomatic medicine" / 中国针灸

The treatment idea for chronic urticaria with acupuncture and moxibustion by "mind-body regulation" is explored in reference with "psychosomatic medicine". Chronic urticaria refers to "mind and body comorbidity" because qi and blood dysfunction and emotional abnormality are presented simultaneously in the disease and affected each other. In clinical diagnosis and treatment, the mutual regulation of mind and body should be considered to improve the curative effect. In treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion, through regulating the mind of brain, heart and zang organs, as well as qi movement, the mental activity is adjusted; through harmonizing the defensive qi and the nutrient blood, eliminating wind and stopping itching, the unhealthy conditions of body are treated. The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture is adopted in combination with moxibustion, bloodletting and auricular point therapy, in which, "regulating the mind" goes through the whole process of treatment, and the doctors and patients are well cooperated to ensure the qi-blood harmonization and the mind-body wellness.

Cultural stress: The undiagnosed epidemic of our time / 中西医结合学报

Global technologies that have made the world more interconnected have also, inadvertently, amplified the forces of stress that are now with us 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The accumulated impact of this stress I call cultural stress anxiety syndrome and call on integrative medicine practitioners to recognize that it is exacerbating whatever acute stressors are also present in our patients' lives. In this Commentary, I outline seven major components of cultural stress (time pressure, digital intrusion, digital dependency, isolation, sedentary lifestyle, poor sleep and uncertainty), describe their health consequences, and finally, offer cultural stress-specific remedies I have utilized in my own practice, along with studies that affirm their efficacy. My hope is that we, as integrative medicine practitioners who are cognizant of the role that stress plays in disease development, will more fully appreciate the added impact of cultural stress, and advise our patients on the importance of proactive stress management. Please cite this article as: Murad H. Cultural stress: the undiagnosed epidemic of our time. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(3): 221-225.

Las prácticas de integración cuerpo-mente como promotoras de estados emocionales saludables / Mind­Body Integration Practices as Promoters of Healthy Emotional States / Práticas de integração corpo-mente como promotoras de estados emocionais saudáveis

Recientes investigaciones provenientes de diversos campos emergentes como la psiconeu-roinmunología, la medicina integrativa o la pigenética han dado cuenta de la estrecha vinculación entre los estados emocionales y la salud. El objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia de una intervención basada en la realización de prácticas de integración cuerpo-mente sobre la regulación emocional. Materiales y métodos: en 102 participantes, de entre 34 y 65 años de edad, se analizaron cambios en la Escala de Afectividad Positiva y Negativa (panas), antes y después de participar en la intervención propuesta, que se realizó durante ocho encuentros de seis horas de duración cada uno, a lo largo de cuatro meses. Resultados: se encontró un aumento en la afectividad positiva y una disminución en la afectividad negativa luego de la intervención. El índice de afectividad (i. e. afectividad positiva/afectividad negativa) se incrementó de una relación 2:1 a una relación 3:1. Esta última proporción ha sido asociada con estados saludables. Conclusiones: el estudio contribuye a demostrar el beneficio que brindan las prácticas de integración cuerpo-mente en la regulación emocional y la afectividad positiva. Esto podría propiciar un mayor bienestar psicofísico individual y colectivo.

Recent research from various emerging fields, such as psychoneuroimmunology, integra-tive medicine, and epigenetics, showed a close link between emotional states and health. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention based on mind­body integration practices in emotional regulation. Materials and Methods: We evaluated changes in the positive and negative affectivity scale in 102 participants before and after the intervention, which was performed during eight meetings lasting 6 h each, for 4 months. Results: An increase in positive affectivity and a decrease in negative affectivity were found after the intervention. The affectivity index (i.e., positive affectivity/negative affectivity) increased from a 2:1 ratio to a 3:1 ratio. This latter ratio has been associated with healthy states. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that mind­body integration practices can confer to emotional regulation and positive affectivity. These beneficial effects could improve psychophysical well-being at both the individual and collective levels.

pesquisas recentes provenientes de vários campos emergentes, como a psiconeuroimuno-logia, medicina integrativa e epigenética, mostram a estreita ligação entre os estados emocionais e a saúde. O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a eficácia de uma intervenção baseada na realização de práticas de integração corpo-mente, na regulação emocional. Materiais e métodos: em 102 participantes, entre 34 e 65 anos, foram analisadas as mudanças na escala de afetividade positiva e negativa (panas) antes e após a participação na intervenção proposta, que foi realizada durante 8 encontros de 6 horas de duração cada, durante 4 meses. Resultados: houve um aumento da afetividade positiva e diminuição da afetividade negativa após a intervenção. O índice de afetividade (ou seja, afetividade positiva/afetivi-dade negativa) aumentou, passando de uma relação de 2:1 para uma relação de 3:1, esta última propor-ção tem sido associada a estados saudáveis. Conclusões: o presente estudo contribui para demonstrar o benefício proporcionado pelas práticas de integração corpo-mente na regulação emocional e na afetivi-dade positiva. Isso poderia propiciar um maior bem-estar psicofísico a nível individual e coletivo.

A study of Tai Chi and Qigong popularity in the United States based on the NHIS data / 国际中医中药杂志

Tai Chi and Qigong (TCQ) are regarded as major therapies of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and welcomed by increasing practitioners worldwide for their efficacy in various health issues. To better learn about the popularity of TCQ in the United States, the related data collected from 2007, 2012 and 2017 questionnaires of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were examined and analyzed. The result showed that adult TCQ practitioners in the US increased substantially from 2007-2017, the percentage of Tai Chi practitioners in adult population was 1.0% in 2007, and Qigong practitioners 0.3%; Tai Chi practitioners was 1.1% in 2012, and Qigong practitioners 0.3%; in 2017, Tai Chi practitioners was 1.5%, and Qigong practitioners 0.5%. The top three reasons for using TCQ were: 82.4% for general wellness or disease prevention, 64.6% to improve or enhance energy, and 35.1% recommended by family, friends or co-workers. The health benefits of TCQ, the demand for complementary therapies and increasing research evidences were positive factors for the growth, while there are also challenges including insufficiencies in scientific researches and lacking of standardized teaching system. To promote the future development of TCQ in the US and oversea countries, we should optimize the research methods and standardize the teaching system, encourage the exchange and training of TCQ related professionals, and promote the integration of TCQ into conventional medical system and other related industries.

Stress reduction via neuro-emotional technique to achieve the simultaneous resolution of chronic low back pain with multiple inflammatory and biobehavioural indicators: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial / 中西医结合学报

BACKGROUND@#Beginning with the concepts of stress developed by Selye, an approach to stress and pain management, known as neuro-emotional technique (NET), has been developed. It is a treatment approach based on the principle that the stressor effects of dormant and/or current unresolved issues or trauma are what determine one's bodily responses. These responses are relatively personalized to the conditioned, experiential and emotional reality of the individual.@*OBJECTIVE@#To determine the effect of NET on patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) over time.@*DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS@#In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study conducted in a single clinic, NET or control treatments were given twice weekly for 4 weeks in a population of 112 patients.@*MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES@#Outcome measures, including Oswestry Disability Index, Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale, the psychoneuroimmunology markers of blood serum levels of C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-10, and 10 dimensions of the Short Form Health Survey scale, were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months following the intervention period.@*RESULTS@#Compared to placebo, NET produced clinical and statistical significance (P < 0.001) via declines of virtually all physiological, pain and disability markers, accompanied by gains in quality-of-life indicators at 0 (baseline), 1, 3 and 6 months. Reductions of the percentages of patients whose 5 biomarkers lay outside the normative range were achieved at 1, 3 and 6 months by NET but not control interventions.@*CONCLUSION@#A randomized, controlled trial of CLBP patients indicated that 8 NET interventions, compared to placebo, produced clinically and statistically significant reductions in pain, disability and inflammatory biomarkers, and improvements in quality-of-life measures.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#The trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (No. ACTRN12608000002381).

Consciência gestáltica: a busca de autorregulação do organismo (corpo/mente) / Gestalt Awareness: searching an organismic self-regulation (body/mind)

O artigo objetiva apresentar as reflexões que resultaram de uma pesquisa sobreo que ocorre biopsicologicamente com o ser humano na busca de autorregulação do organismo (corpo/mente). As seções do artigo destacam as contribuições de Friederich (Fritz) Salomon Perls, Daniel Goleman, Daniel Kahneman e outros autoresà elucidação dos processos envolvidos na regulação entre o organismo e o meio, sempre com um viés de defesa da indissolubilidade corpo/mente. Por fim, o texto infere que um organismo saudável é aquele que se experimenta como um todo integrado e se autorregula em relação ao ambiente ao dar-se conta, de forma holística, da figura que emerge no aqui e agora.

The article aims to present the results from a research about what biological and psychological processes occurs in the human being during the organismic (body/mind) self-regulation. The sections of the article highlight the contributions of Friederich (Fritz) Salomon Perls, Daniel Goleman, Daniel Kahneman and other authors to elucidate the processes involved in the regulation between the organism and the environment. Every conclusion is taken always with a bias towards the defense of the body/mind indissolubility. Finally, the text infers that a healthy organism can get an integrated experience as of self-regulation with the environment in the here-and-now.

Evidence for the efficacy of Tai Chi for treating rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of systematic reviews

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease with higher prevalence among women aged between 30 and 50 years and general prevalence of 1% worldwide. Interventions promoting improvement of quality of life for individuals with RA are required. Tai Chi appears to be a low-cost alternative, with studies showing positive results from this technique. However, regarding aspects of RA such as pain and sensitivity, studies remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of the Tai Chi method for treating patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, among systematic reviews. DESIGN AND SETTING: Overview of systematic reviews with Cochrane and non-Cochrane methodology. METHODS: Systematic reviews involving quasi-randomized and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on use of Tai Chi, with no restrictions regarding the date and language of publication, were included. RESULTS: Three systematic reviews were included. The effects of Tai Chi associated with education and stretching exercises versus education and stretching were evaluated in these reviews. They showed that improvements in the variables of mood, depression and functional index were associated with use of Tai Chi. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that clinical improvement was achieved, although not statistically significant with regard to pain and disease pattern, as assessed using the ACR20 measurement. Improvements relating to disability and quality of life were also seen. There was a low level of evidence and therefore caution in data analysis is recommended. The three studies included showed poor reliability for providing an accurate and complete summary of use of Tai Chi among people diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. PROSPERO: CRD42019125501.

ANTROPOGÊNESE DAS DOENÇAS ORGÂNICAS: UMA NOVA VISÃO EM PSICOSSOMÁTICA / ANTHROPOGENESIS OF ORGANIC DISEASES: A NEW VISION IN PSYCHOSOMATICS / ANTROPOGÉNESIS DE LAS ENFERMEDADES ORGÁNICAS: UNA NUEVA VISIÓN EN PSICOSOMÁTICA

O debate sobre a relação mente-corpo, um dos maiores problemas filosóficos existentes, perpassa outras áreas do conhecimento. Do ponto de vista da prática psicoterápica, o atendimento a pacientes com doenças orgânicas contribuiu para o surgimento do campo da psicossomática. Inicialmente, esse artigo visa apresentar os principais conceitos das Escolas de Psicossomática de Chicago e Paris, as mais relevantes no Ocidente. Como resposta a essas visões, consideradas reducionistas e exageradamente intrapsíquicas, serão apresentados estudos sobre o vínculo humano. A partir de tal descrição emergirá uma proposta de compreensão teórica do fenômeno psicossomático tomando como matriz as considerações conceituais de Danilo Perestrello e Abram Eksterman, psicanalistas brasileiros, cujo ponto nodal é o entendimento da doença somática em sua dimensão antropogênica. As ideias contidas nesse pensamento serão a base para a noção de adoecimento somático enquanto resposta às dificuldades presentes no campo relacional.

The debate about the mind-body relationship, one of the greatest philosophical problems, permeates other areas of knowledge. From the point of view of psychotherapeutic practice, care for patients with organic diseases contributed to the emergence of the psychosomatic field. Initially, this article aims to present the main concepts of Chicago and Paris Psychosomatic Schools, the most relevant in the West. In response to these views, considered reductionist and exaggeratedly intrapsychic, studies on the human bond will be presented. From this description, a theoretical proposal to understand the psychosomatic phenomenon will emerge, taking as matrix the conceptual considerations of Danilo Perestrello and Abram Eksterman, Brazilian psychoanalysts, whose nodal point is the understanding of somatic disease in its anthropogenic dimension. The ideas contained in this thought will be the basis for the notion of somatic illness as an answer to the relational field difficulties.

La relación mente-cuerpo, uno de los mayores problemas filosóficos existentes, impregna otras áreas del conocimiento. Desde la práctica psicoterapéutica, el cuidado de los pacientes con enfermedades orgánicas ha contribuido a la aparición del campo psicosomático. Inicialmente, este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar los principales conceptos de las Escuelas de Psicosomática de Chicago y París, las más relevantes en Occidente. En respuesta a estos puntos de vista, reduccionistas y exageradamente intrapsíquicos, se presentarán estudios sobre el vínculo humano. De esta descripción surgirá una propuesta teórica para comprender el fenómeno psicosomático tomando como matriz las consideraciones conceptuales de Danilo Perestrello y Abram Eksterman, psicoanalistas brasileños, cuyo punto nodal es la comprensión de la enfermedad somática en su dimensión antropogénica. Las ideas contenidas en este pensamiento serán la base de la noción de enfermedad somática como respuesta a las dificultades del campo relacional.

Hypnotherapy for overweight and obese patients: A narrative review / 中西医结合学报

Obesity and overweight problems are serious global health issues today and despite many efforts, the prevalence has continued to rise for decades. Interestingly, hypnotherapy has been gaining recognition as an effective treatment for obesity and overweight problems. This review compiles contemporary scientific research on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy for weight reduction. Scopus, PubMed and EBSCO Host databases were applied in the study. The search identified 119 articles, of which seven met the inclusion criteria. A total of 539 respondents (82.7% women and 17.3% men) between the ages of 17 and 67 years were represented in the seven studies. Most studies incorporated lifestyle changes, such as changes of dietary habit and behavioral recommendations in the hypnotic procedure. Their results suggested that the use of hypnotherapy not only promoted weight reduction during the treatment period but also after treatment cessation, and in some cases, one to ten kilograms were lost during follow-up periods. In addition, one study even showed increased physical activity among the hypnotised individuals. This use of hypnotherapy also improved respondents' eating behavior and quality of life. However, a definitive conclusion could not be drawn due to several methodological flaws and the limited number of published studies in this area. Therefore, further well-designed studies are needed to substantiate the effectiveness of hypnotherapy for this modern-day health problem.

Ensino remoto de práticas corporais para os estudantes de terapia ocupacional no contexto da pandemia por COVID-19: desafios e aprendizados / Remote teaching of body practices for occupational therapy students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and lessons learned

As práticas corporais são parte significativa da formação e dos recursos terapêuticos utilizados por terapeutas ocupacionais. Sua aprendizagem implica na compreensão e experimentação da aplicação de diferentes técnicas, bem como do entendimento das diversas dimensões e relações destas com o corpo. Assim, o ensino das práticas corporais na pandemia por covid-19 trouxe desafios e aprendizados. Objetivo: Refletir sobre o ensino remoto ministrado na disciplina de Terapia Ocupacional e as Práticas Corporais II no Curso de Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade de São Paulo, campus capital. Método: Relato de experiência do ensino remoto desta disciplina no período da pandemia por Covid-19. Resultados: Identificou-se o aprendizado dos conteúdos, dos métodos e sua aplicação supervisionada em familiares/amigos dos estudantes, ainda que o ensino remoto de práticas corporais esteja longe do ideal. A maioria dos estudantes avaliou positivamente a oferta da disciplina valorizando as ferramentas digitais e estratégias para aprender a cuidar de si e do outro. Porém, foram evidenciadas desigualdades de acesso ao ensino remoto e às condições de moradia para participação na disciplina. Conclusão: Ainda que a disciplina tenha atingido seus objetivos possibilitando espaços de cuidado essenciais no período de pandemia constatou-se perdas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem

Body practices are a significant part of training and important therapeutic resources used by occupational therapists. In order for these practices to be learned, it is necessary to understand the application of the different techniques and the different dimensions and relationships of these with the body. Thus, the teaching of body practices in the context of the pandemic has brought challenges and learnings. Objective: To reflect on remote teaching during the discipline of Occupational Therapy and Body Practices II in the Occupational Therapy Course at the University of São Paulo, capital campus. Method: Experience report of remote teaching of the discipline during the Covid-19 pandemic period. Results: Students learned content, methods and applied them under supervision to their family/friends, but the remote teaching of body practices is far from expected. Most students evaluated the offer of the discipline as positive, specialy the use of digital tools and strategies to learn to take care of themselves and the others. However, there were inequalities in access to remote teaching and housing conditions for participation in the discipline. Conclusion: Although the discipline has achieved its objectives, allowing spaces for care in the pandemic period, there were losses in the teaching and learning process.

Psychosomatic illness in the analytical approach: an integrative literature review / Adoecimento psicossomático na abordagem analítica: uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Enfermedad psicosomática en el enfoque analítico: una revisión integradora de la literatura

It is known that studies about the dynamic mind-body aim at a better comprehension of the human being. According to the medical-scientific logic, some approaches dichotomize that interaction, relegating the term to cases of illnesses with no evident etiology. The psychosomatic approach proposes a holistic perspective on the individual, beyond the cure of physical symptoms. An integrative review on the comprehended psychosomatic was realized, in the paradigm of analytical psychology (AP). The search resulted in 44 articles that compounded theoretic-clinical discussion and/or empirical research about the object of study. Publications included philosophical and epistemological matters in psychosomatic, analysis of specific clinical cases, and possibilities of psychotherapeutic intervention. AP classic and developmental approaches are emphasized, and the main concepts found to comprehend the illness were psychic energy, teleology, synchronicity, and ego-self development. It was observed a higher concentration of articles with theoretical analysis illustrated with clinical vignettes and presentation of psychotherapeutic intervention proposals aiming to comprise the demands of the singular process in the dynamic between health and disease.

Estudos sobre a dinâmica mente-corpo visam à melhor compreensão sobre o ser humano. Há vertentes que dicotomizam tal interação, relegando o termo aos quadros de adoecimentos sem etiologia evidente conforme a lógica médico-científica. A abordagem psicossomática propõe perspectiva holística sobre o indivíduo, para além da cura do sintoma físico. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da psicossomática compreendida no paradigma da Psicologia Analítica (PA). A busca resultou em 44 artigos que compunham discussão teórico-clínica e/ou pesquisa empírica sobre o objeto de estudo. As publicações abrangiam questões filosóficas e epistemológicas em psicossomática, análise sobre casos clínicos específicos e possibilidades de intervenção psicoterapêutica. Ressaltam-se as vertentes clássica e desenvolvimentista da PA, e os principais conceitos encontrados para compreender o adoecimento foram energia psíquica, teleologia, sincronicidade e desenvolvimento do ego-Self. Observou-se maior concentração de artigos com análise teórica ilustrados com vinhetas clínicas e apresentação de propostas de intervenção psicoterapêutica visando compreender a demanda do processo singular na dinâmica entre saúde e doença.

Los estudios sobre la dinámica mente-cuerpo visan mejor comprensión sobre el ser humano. Hay vertientes que dicotomizan tal interacción, relegando el término a los casos de enfermedades sin etiología evidente conforme a la lógica médico-científica. El abordaje psicosomático propone perspectiva holística, además de la cura del síntoma físico. Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la psicosomática en el paradigma de la Psicología Analítica (PA). La búsqueda resultó en 44 artículos que componían discusión teórico-clínica y/o investigación empírica. Las publicaciones abarcaban cuestiones filosóficas y epistemológicas en psicosomática, análisis sobre casos clínicos específicos y posibilidades de intervención psicoterapéutica. Se resaltan las vertientes clásica y desarrollista de la PA, y los principales conceptos encontrados para comprender la enfermedad fueron energía psíquica, teleología, sincronicidad y ego-Self desarrollo. Se observó una mayor concentración de artículos con análisis teórico ilustrados con viñetas clínicas y presentación de propuestas de intervención psicoterapéutica destinadas a comprender las demandas del proceso singular en la dinámica entre salud y enfermedad.

Psychodynamic Study about Reflux and Colic During the First Year of Life / Estudo Psicodinâmico dos Sintomas Refluxo e Cólica no Primeiro Ano de Vida / Estudio Psicodinámico de los Síntomas de Reflujo y Cólico en el Primer Año de Vida

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the psychodynamics of three mother-infant pairs with reflux diagnosis and two with colic diagnosis and their possible relation to the referred psychosomatic disorders. Qualitative exploratory study in which the sample was composed after signing the informed consent form. Instruments: semi-directed interview, seven boards of the Thematic Apperception Test and Naturalistic Observation. Content analysis of the interviews and TAT boards was performed and the way the mother perceived the productions of the baby was considered from naturalistic observation. These analyses supported psychodynamic interpretations of the functioning of the dyads studied. As main results, the reflux group highlights the need for maternal support and the presence of maternal ambivalence. In mother-infant pairs with colic, there is anxiety regarding their own ability to care for their child. In both groups, there is environmental influence on the way mothers feel about sufficiently good mothering.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a psicodinâmica de três pares mãe-bebê com diagnóstico de refluxo e dois com diagnóstico de cólica e sua possível relação com as referidas desordens psicossomáticas. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo e exploratório cuja a amostra foi composta após assinatura do termo de consentimento. Instrumentos: entrevista semi-dirigida, sete pranchas do Teste de Apercepção Temática (TAT) e Observação Naturalista. Procedeu-se análise de conteúdo das entrevistas e das pranchas do TAT e, da observação naturalista, valorizou-se principalmente a maneira como a mãe percebeu as produções do bebê. Estas análises respaldaram interpretações psicodinâmicas do funcionamento das díades estudadas. Como principais resultados, destaca-se no grupo refluxo a necessidade de apoio para maternar e presença de ambivalência materna. Já nos pares mães-bebês com cólica, há ansiedade frente à própria capacidade de cuidar do filho. Nos dois grupos, há influência ambiental na maneira como as mães se sentem no exercício da maternagem suficientemente boa.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la psicodinámica de 3 parejas madre-bebé con diagnóstico de reflujo y 2 con cólico y la posible relación de estos síntomas con trastornos psicosomáticos. El estudio es cualitativo y exploratorio. La muestra se compuso después de que los participantes firmaron el formulario de consentimiento. Instrumentos: entrevista semidirigida, 7 láminas del Test de Apercepción Temática y observación naturalista. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de las entrevistas y de las láminas del TAT y, a partir de la observación naturalista, se valoró la forma en que la madre percibió las producciones del bebé. Estos análisis respaldaron interpretaciones psicodinámicas del funcionamiento de las díadas estudiadas. Como resultados principales, en el grupo reflujo se destacan la necesidad de apoyo a la madre y la presencia de ambivalencia materna. En las parejas madre-bebé con cólico, se percibe ansiedad con respecto a la capacidad para cuidar al niño. En ambos grupos, hubo influencia ambiental en los sentimientos de las madres sobre el buen ejercicio de la maternidad.

Positive impact of recreational techniques for the self-healing of the body / O impacto positivo das técnicas recreativas do autorestabelecimento do corpo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Reiki (as well as the effectiveness of Physical Activities) on relatively healthy individuals (not hospital patients), members of a sample of 338 volunteers, and to confirm whether practicing Reiki contributes to psycho-emotional stabilization, having a beneficial impact on mood and emotional wellbeing. For the first time, a positive confirmation of Reiki was carried out in Ukraine. The respondents were divided into two main groups: non-Reikists (individuals who did not practice Reiki) and Reikists (individuals who practiced or taught Reiki). It was found that, in comparison with non-Reikists, the results obtained by Reikists were twice as good, showing higher levels of emotional comfort, less anxiety/dissatisfaction, and more optimism, energy and self-confidence. At that, senior pupils and university students of psychology performed worse. This study confirms that the practice of Reiki is a quickly healing, stimulating, long-term, and cost-effective technique, positively influencing to positive well-being, mood and psychosomatic responses.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a eficácia do Reiki (assim como da atividade física) para pessoas relativamente saudáveis (não pacientes hospitalares) numa amostra de 338 participantes e confirmar que a prática do Reiki contribui para a estabilização psicoemocional, tem um efeito benéfico no humor e bem-estar. Pela primeira vez, uma confirmação positiva do Reiki foi realizada na Ucrânia. Os entrevistados foram divididos em dois grupos principais: não Reikistas (que não praticavam Reiki) e Reikistas (que praticavam ou ensinavam métodos de Reiki a outros). Foi descoberto que, sendo comparados aos não-Reikistas, os resultados dos Reikistas foram duas vezes melhores, revelando um nível mais altodo conforto emocional, menos ansiedade/insatisfação e mais otimismo, energia e autoconfiança. Ao mesmo tempo, alunos dos últimos anos de escolaridade assim como estudantes de especialidades psicológicas apresentaram os piores resultados. Este estudo confirma que a prática de Reiki é um método de recuperação rápida, estimulante, de longo prazo e economicamente eficaz que tem influência positiva no bem-estar, o humor e o estado psicossomático de uma pessoa.

Neurophysiological, cognitive-behavioral and neurochemical effects in practitioners of transcendental meditation - A literature review

SUMMARY The term meditation can be used in many different ways, according to the technique to which it refers. Transcendental Meditation (MT) is one of these techniques. TM could serve as a model for research on spiritual meditation, unlike the meditation techniques based on secular knowledge. The purpose of the present study is to conduct a bibliographic review to organize scientific evidence on the effects of TM on neurophysiology, neurochemistry, and cognitive and behavioral aspects of its practitioners. To conduct this critical narrative review of the literature, we searched for scientific papers on the PubMed database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The keywords used in the search were Transcendental Meditation, Neuroscience of meditation e Meditation and behavior. We selected 21 papers that analyzed different aspects that could be altered through meditation practice. We concluded that TM has positive and significant documentable neurochemical, neurophysiological, and cognitive-behavioral effects. Among the main effects are the reduction of anxiety and stress (due to the reduction of cortisol and norepinephrine levels), increase of the feeling of pleasure and well-being (due to the increase of the synthesis and release of dopamine and serotonin), and influence on memory recall and possible consolidation. Further studies are needed using creative and innovative methodological designs that analyze different neural circuitry and verify the clinical impact on practitioners.

RESUMO O termo meditação pode ser utilizado de diversas formas, de acordo com a técnica a que se refere. A meditação transcendental (MT) é uma dessas técnicas meditativas. A MT pode ser um modelo para pesquisas de meditação espiritual, diferentemente de técnicas de meditação baseadas em uma compreensão secular. O presente estudo objetiva realizar uma revisão bibliográfica para organizar as evidências científicas sobre os efeitos da MT sobre a neurofisiologia, neuroquímica e aspectos cognitivos e comportamentais dos seus praticantes. Para a realização desta revisão narrativa crítica da literatura, foi realizado um levantamento dos artigos científicos presentes na base de dados PubMed do National Center for Biotechnology Information. As palavras-chave utilizadas na busca foram Transcendental Meditation, Neuroscience of meditation e Meditation and behavior. Foram selecionados 21 artigos que analisavam diferentes aspectos que poderiam ser alterados pela prática meditativa. Conclui-se que a MT produz efeitos neuroquímicos, neurofisiológicos e cognitivo-comportamentais documentáveis em seus praticantes, de caráter positivo e significativo. Entre os principais efeitos estão a diminuição da ansiedade e do estresse (via diminuição nos níveis de cortisol e noradrenalina), aumento na sensação de prazer e bem-estar (em decorrência ao aumento na síntese e liberação de dopamina e serotonina) e influência na evocação e possível consolidação da memória. São necessários mais estudos utilizando desenhos metodológicos inovadores e criativos, analisando diferentes circuitos neurais e verificando o impacto clínico sobre os praticantes.

Terapia morfoanalítica nos transtornos de sintomas somáticos / Morphoanalytic therapy in somatic symptom disorders / Terapia morfoanalítica en los trastornos de síntomas somáticos

A Terapia Morfoanalítica (TM) é uma terapia psicocorporal analítica que possibilita a integração das experiências psicoafetivas a partir do corpo. Permite compreender o componente psíquico da manifestação física, bem como a somatização do fenômeno psíquico. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da TM em pessoas com transtornos de sintomas somáticos, além de observar o impacto desta terapia na vida pessoal destes indivíduos. Trata-se de um Estudo de Caso de dois indivíduos. Foram realizadas 24 sessões de TM, uma vez por semana, com duração de uma hora. As avaliações constituíram-se de coleta de dados pessoais e antropométricos, nível de dor e flexibilidade muscular, bem como avaliação da presença de ansiedade, depressão e alexitimia, por meio de questionários. Também foi realizada avaliação da modulação autonômica. A evolução psicoemocional foi acompanhada no decorrer de todo tratamento morfoanalítico. A eficácia da TM foi observada tanto nos índices emocionais, quanto físicos. Isso demonstra a efetividade desta modalidade terapêutica, que associa os trabalhos corporais com o trabalho verbal analítico, na melhor integração psicossomática.

Morphoanalytic Therapy (MT) is an analytical psycho-corporal therapy that enables the integration of psycho-affective experiences from the body. It allows us to understand the psychic component of physical manifestation as well as the somatization of the psychic phenomenon. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MT in people with somatic symptom disorder, in addition to observe the impact of this therapy on the personal life of these individuals. This is a case study of two individuals. Twenty-four MT sessions were performed once a week, lasting one hour each. The evaluations consisted of personal and anthropometric data collection, pain level and muscular flexibility, as well as of the presence of anxiety, depression and alexithymia, through questionnaires. Autonomic modulation was also evaluated. The psychoemotional evolution was followed during all morphoanalytic treatment. The efficacy of MT was observed in emotional and physical indexes. This demonstrates the effectiveness of this therapeutic modality, which associates bodily works with analytical verbal work, in the best psychosomatic integration.

La Terapia Morfoanalítica (TM) es una terapia psico-corporal analítica que posibilita la integración de las experiencias psico-afectivas desde el cuerpo. Permite la comprensión del componente psíquico de la manifestación física, así como la somatización del fenómeno psíquico. Este estudio objetivó evaluar el efecto de la TM en personas con trastorno de síntomas somáticos, además de observar el impacto de esta terapia en la vida personal de estos individuos. Se trata de un estudio de caso de dos individuos. Se realizaron 24 sesiones de TM, una vez por semana, con una duración de una hora. Las evaluaciones se constituyeron de recolección de datos personales y antropométricos, nivel de dolor y flexibilidad muscular, así como evaluación de la presencia de ansiedad, depresión y alexitimia, por medio de cuestionarios. También se realizó una evaluación de la modulación autonómica. La evolución psicoemocional fue acompañada en el transcurso de todo tratamiento morfoanalítico. La eficacia de la TM fue observada tanto en los índices emocionales, como físicos. Esto demuestra la efectividad de esta modalidad terapéutica, que asocia los trabajos corporales con el trabajo verbal analítico, en la mejor integración psicosomática.

Origin of Shinshin-ichinyo in the Field of Kampo Medicine / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Shinshin-ichinyo is the concept derived from Zen Buddhism in Japan in which mind and body connect with and negate each other at the same time. Western medicine has been dealing with “organs and diseases” based on mind-­body dualism, but Oriental medicine has been dealing with “patients with disease” based on this con­cept. Psychosomatic medicine was established as holistic medicine by using this concept, and becomes popular in the field of general medicine, but it is still unclear who introduced this concept to the field of Kampo or tra­ditional Japanese medicine. Here I explored one possibility by investigating some literature.

Halalopathy: A science of trust in medicine / 中西医结合学报

The human body is well organized, regulated and connected. One of the greatest scientific challenges today is to integrate mind, behaviour and health. Enormous advances in health care have been achieved. However, diseases like cancer still require treatment options beyond therapeutic drugs, namely surgery and radiation. Human being is not only made of cells, tissues and organs, but also feelings and sensations. Linking mental state with physical health is essential to include all elements of disease. For this purpose, halalopathy has been introduced as a new model to integrate mind, behaviour and health, where psychology, spirituality and rationality can be integrated together to generate a well-organized, regulated and connected health system. Halalopathic approaches are based on mind-trust-drug and mind-trust-belief. If the drug and human's belief are compatible, trust in the rationally designed drug will be synergized and placebo effects will be activated to initiate the healing process. Such an organized health system will lower the body's entropy and increase potential energy, which is an important aspect to promote the healing process, with a therapeutic drug toward complete recovery. This study enlightens laws of compatibility to initiate a domino chain effect to activate placebo effects and lower the body's entropy. The healing power of each effect will contribute to the healing process and enhance the total drug effects.

Qigong in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review / 中西医结合学报

BACKGROUND@#Autism spectrum disorder is a condition that affects all races, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. With a high incidence ratio of one in every 68, it has become one of the most discussed psychiatric disorders. For this reason, the need for investigating novel treatments has been emerging. Qigong, a traditional Chinese mind-body technique, has already proven to be able to reduce symptoms of several physical and psychological illnesses.@*OBJECTIVE@#The purpose of this systematic review is to examine and categorize the current scientific evidence regarding the efficacy of Qigong on children suffering from autism spectrum disorders.@*SEARCH STRATEGY@#A systematic literature search of the electronic scientific databases PubMed, Clinical Trials.gov, BioMed Central, PubMed Central and Google Scholar was performed to identify studies of Qigong in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder.@*INCLUSION CRITERIA@#This review included randomized controlled trials, replication studies, retrospective studies and observational follow-up studies of Qigong on children with autism spectrum disorder. Case reports and case series were excluded.@*DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS@#Two researchers independently evaluated the methodological quality of all included studies. Any discrepancies were solved by discussion until consensus was achieved.@*RESULTS@#Our literature search identified 157 publications, and 10 additional publications from hand search of references. After duplicate removal, 103 records remained. After the title/abstract screening, 19 publications were obtained for detailed evaluation. After detailed evaluation, 10 studies were included. Seven studies were conducted with small children with 2-6 years old employing Qigong massage, and three studies were conducted with older children aged 7-17 years old applying both Qigong massage (one study) and Neigong (two studies).@*CONCLUSION@#Studies demonstrated that Qigong has interesting and promising applicability and effect on children with autism spectrum disorder and should be tested further. Despite the need for more rigorous controlled studies, Qigong seems to be able to decrease severity of individual sensory, behavioural, and language components of autism, and improve self-control, sociability, sensory and cognitive awareness as well as healthy-physical behaviour. Besides positive effect on children and adolescents, benefits seem to extend to parents and caregivers as well. However, quality of methodology seems to be insufficient to state that Qigong is an alternative to common behavioural therapies. We suggest that, until more investigation is performed, Qigong may only be used as a complement, or when behavioural therapies are not accessible.

Adaptación y Validación Psicométrica de la Escala Estrategias de Afrontamiento Espiritual en Cuenca - Ecuador / Transversal Research: Validation and psychometric adaptation of the Scale of Spiritual Co ping Strategies in Cuenca - Ecuador

INTRODUCCIÓN: La investigación en el campo de la psicología de enlace se interesa por la esfera espiritual de las personas. Cuando el cuerpo enferma físicamente, el organismo implementaría estrategias que le posibiliten afrontar psicoemocionalmente las circunstancias. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala Estrategias de Afrontamiento Espiritual en personas con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en la ciudad de Cuenca - Ecuador. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal. La muestra fue de 147 participantes. El trabajo de campo se desarrolló en tres instituciones de salud: Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, Instituto del Cáncer SOLCA - Cuenca; y la Fundación al Servicio del Enfermo de Cáncer - Cuenca; durante el periodo de junio a diciembre de 2017. Se utilizó la escala Estrategias de Afrontamiento Espiritual. Los datos se analizaron en el programa SPSS versión 23. RESULTADOS: De los 147 participantes, 100 personas con cáncer, 29 con diabetes mellitus no insulinodependiente, 4 con hipertensión primaria y 14 con otras enfermedades. El 87.1% fueron católicos. El proceso estadístico inicial obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0.820 al analizar los 20 ítems que se reducen a 17 (α=.821), porque 3 de ellos muestran bajas saturaciones. En el análisis factorial exploratorio mediante el análisis de componentes principales con una rotación ortogonal Varimax, la prueba Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin se obtuvo un resultado de 0.794 y la prueba de Bartlett resultó significativa p=< 0.001 (x2 = 810.49; gl = 136). CONCLUSIONES: Los preguntas que conforman los dos dominios de la escala original Estrategias de Afrontamiento Espiritual se redistribuyeron en este estudio agrupándose en cuatro factores. Producto de este proceso de investigación se obtuvo la versión Estrategias de Afrontamiento Espiritual - Cuenca, escala que demostró validez y fiabilidad en una población de participantes con enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles de Cuenca - Ecuador.

BACKGROUND: Research in the field of liaison psychology is interested in the spiritual sphere of people. When the body becomes physically ill, the organism implements strategies that allow it to deal psycho-emotionally with the circumstances. The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spiritual Coping Strategies in people with chronic non-communicable diseases in the city of Cuenca - Ecuador. METHODS: A cross-sectional study a performed from June to December 2017. The sample included 147 participants and the fieldwork was carried out in three health institutions: José Carrasco Arteaga Specialty Hospital, Institute of Cancer SOLCA - Cuenca and Foundation for the Service of Cancer Sick. The scale of Spiritual Coping Strategies was used and data was analyzed in the SPSS program, version 23. RESULTS: Of the 147 participants, 100 people with cancer, 29 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 4 with primary hypertension and 14 with other chronic diseases. The 87.1% were catholics. The initial statistical process obtained a Cronbach's alpha of 0.820 when analyzing the 20 items that are reduced to 17 (α=.821), because three of them show low saturations. In the exploratory factor analysis through the analysis of principal components with a Varimax orthogonal rotation and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, obtained a result of 0.794 and the Bartlett test was significant p= <0.001 (x2 = 810.49; gl = 136).. CONCLUSIONS: The questions that make up the two domains of the original Scale of Spiritual Coping Strategies were redistributed in this study and grouped into four factors. The Strategies of Spiritual Coping - Cuenca version was obtained, a scale that demonstrated validity and reliability in a population of participants with chronic, non-communicable diseases in Cuenca - Ecuador.