ABSTRACT
To clarify the content characteristics of the main active components and mineral elements of Cynomorium songaricum under different habitat conditions, and further explore the relationship between the quality of C. songaricum and habitats, this study took C. songaricum from 25 different habitats in China as the research object, and measured the contents of 8 main active components and 12 mineral elements separately. Diversity analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out. The results showed that the genetic diversity of total flavonoids, ursolic acid, ether extract, potassium(K), phosphorus(P) and zinc(Zn) in C. songaricum was high. The coefficient of variation of crude polysaccharide, ether extract, gallic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, catechin, epicatechin, calcium(Ca), sodium(Na), magnesium(Mg), sulfur(S), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), selenium(Se) and nickel(Ni) were all over 36%, indicating that the quality of C. songaricum was significantly affected by habitats. There were strong synergistic and weak antagonistic effects among the contents of the 8 active components, and complex antagonistic and synergistic effects among the contents of the 12 mineral elements. Principal component analysis revealed that crude polysaccharide, ursolic acid, catechin, epicatechin and total flavonoids could be used as the characteristic components to evaluate the quality of C. songaricum, and Na, copper(Cu), Mn and Ni were the characteristic elements to evaluate the quality of C. songaricum. In cluster ana-lysis, the second group with the main active components as cluster center had better quality in terms of the content of active substances, and the second group with the mineral elements as cluster center had higher utilization potential in the exploitation of mineral elements. This study could provide a basis for resource evaluation and breeding of excellent varieties of C. songaricum in different habitats, and provide a reference for cultivation and identification of C. songaricum.
Subject(s)
Cynomorium , Catechin , Plant Breeding , Selenium , Ethers , Ethyl Ethers , Flavonoids , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
To clarify the content characteristics of mineral elements in different Artemisia argyi germplasm resources and their relationship with the quality properties of Artemisiae Argyi Folium, this study measured the content of 10 mineral elements including nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), potassium(K), calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), aluminum(Al), manganese(Mn), iron(Fe), copper(Cu), and zinc(Zn) in 100 Artemisia argyi germplasm samples. Besides, their relationship with the quality properties of Artemisiae Argyi Folium was explored by correlation analysis, path analysis, and cluster analysis. The results demonstrated that the variation coefficient of the 10 mineral elements in Artemisiae Argyi Folium ranged from 12.23% to 64.38%, and the genetic diversity index from 0.97 to 3.09. The genetic diversities of N, P, and Zn were obvious. As revealed by the correlation analysis, N, P, and K showed strong positive correlations with each other. Except that Mg and Al were negatively correlated, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were positively correlated. The correlation analysis of mineral elements with the quality properties of Artemisiae Argyi Folium proved the significant correlations of 17 pairs of characters. According to the path analysis, P, K, Ca, and Mn greatly affected the yield of Artemisiae Argyi Folium, P, K, and Mg the output rate of moxa, N, P, and K the content of total volatile oil, P and K the content of eucalyptol, and P, K, and Ca the content of eupatilin. The 100 germplasm samples were clustered into three groups. Specifically, in cluster Ⅰ, the enrichment capacity of P, K, and Mg elements was strong, and the comprehensive properties of mineral elements were better, implying good development potential. Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn elements in cluster Ⅱ and N and Al in cluster Ⅲ displayed strong enrichment capacities. This study has provided new ideas for resource evaluation and variety breeding of A. argyi and also reference for fertilizer application.
Subject(s)
Artemisia/genetics , Iron , Minerals/analysis , Plant Breeding , Plant Leaves/chemistryABSTRACT
Objective:To study the distribution characteristics of mineral elements in <italic>Gastrodia elata </italic>samples<italic> </italic>with different grades and specifications （variants） from diverse producing areas and their classification and identification evidences. Method:Fourteen mineral elements in 31 batches of <italic>Gastrodia elata</italic> samples of different grades and specifications （variants） from diverse producing areas were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry， Mo-Sb colorimetry， and curcumin colorimetry， and then subjected to correlation analysis （CA）， discriminant analysis （DA）， and principal component analysis （PCA）. Result:The content of K， N， and P in <italic>G. elata</italic> was the highest， enabling them to serve as the nutritional limiting factors affecting its growth. The <italic>G. elata</italic> samples could be identified by the variation trend of elements （K>N>P>Mg>Ca>Fe>B>Zn>Mn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb>Cd）. The comparison of <italic>G. elata</italic> samples from multiple producing areas showed that <italic>G. elata</italic> from Zhaotong has the highest P， Fe， and Cd content， that from Lijiang the highest K content， that form Luotian the highest Zn and Cr content， and that from Jinzhai the highest Cu and Pb content. The content of Mg， B， Pb， and Cr in <italic>G. elata</italic> f. <italic>elata</italic> was higher than that in <italic>G. elata </italic>f. <italic>glauca</italic>. It was found that the content of P， Cu， and Cd in commercially available <italic>G. elata </italic>products gradually increased with the decrease in the commercial grade， while that of Mg， Fe， B， and Ni mostly decreased. As revealed by CA， Fe was positively correlated with Mg， Cr， and B. The producing areas of <italic>G. elata</italic> samples could be effectively identified by DA with Cd， Pb， Cr， Cu， B， and Ni as the main variables， and the accuracy reached up to 85.71%. According to the PCA of mineral elements in <italic>G. elata</italic> f. <italic>glauca</italic> from Zhaotong， Yunnan Province， Fe， Cr， Mg， Cd， P， Mn， B， Pb， and Cu exerted a greater influence on <italic>G. elata</italic>. Conclusion:The determination of mineral elements in <italic>G. elata</italic> samples contributes to identifying their authenticity and origin due to the easy operation， accurate results， and good stability.
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To reveal the main nutrients and functional ingredients in the flowers of Polygonatum cyrtonema and P. filipes, the content of the polysaccharides, saponins, amino acids, total phenols, mineral elements, and the DPPH free radical scavenging rates were determined. The flowers and rhizomes of P. cyrtonema were collected from Qingyang in Anhui and Qingyuan in Zhejiang, while the flowers and rhizomes of P. filipes were collected from Longyou in Zhejiang, respectively. The results showed that the polysaccharides content in flowers varied from 60.88 to 97.00 mg·g~(-1), about half of that in rhizomes. The saponins content in flowers varied from 32.55 to 40.93 mg·g~(-1), which was close to the content in rhizomes. The content of total phenols ranged from 40.79 to 50.95 mg·g~(-1), approximately 4.5 times of that in rhizomes. The total amino acids content in flowers was 111.85 to 131.03 mg·g~(-1), about 2.3 times of the content in rhizomes. The essential trace element content was abundant in flowers. The contents of heavy metal elements were all within the limits set by the standards. The DPPH free radical scavenging rate IC_(50) varied from 1.77 to 3.25 mg·mL~(-1), less than one-fifth of that in rhizomes, showing a significant superiority of antioxidant activity compared to rhizomes. The results initially revealed the fundamental of "the flowers exceed the rhizomes in effect", the common saying about the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs over the years, indicating a great developing potential of the flowers. Besides, as polysaccharides, saponins, amino acids, total phenols and other nutritive substances in flowers differ widely among species and provenances, it's important to develop variety breeding to improve the quality and yield of flowers.
Subject(s)
Amino Acids/analysis , Antioxidants/analysis , China , Flowers/chemistry , Nutrients/analysis , Nutritive Value , Plant Extracts , Polygonatum/chemistry , Rhizome/chemistry , Trace Elements/analysisABSTRACT
Aims: Common weeds Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser, Euphorbia rothiana Spreng. and Schoenoplectiella articulata (L.) Lye are used for food, medicinal, green biofertilizer and biosorbent applications. In this work, their polyphenol and mineral contents have been characterized. Methodology: Samples from aforementioned three plants were manually collected in Raipur city (CG, India) and processed for the analyses. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride were used for the spectrophotometric determination of polyphenols. The mineral contents were quantified by X-ray fluorescence. Results: The total concentration of 20 elements (viz. P, S, Cl, As, Se, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Mo and Pb), total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the leaves ranged from 46372 to 71501, from 47877 to 73791 and from 1950 to 9400 mg/kg, respectively. Remarkable concentrations of several nutrients (P, S, Cl, K, Mg, Ca and Fe) were observed. Conclusion: The biomass from medicinal weeds R. palustris, E. rothiana and S. articulata featured very high K, Ca and Fe contents. Other nutrients (polyphenols, flavonoids, P, S, Cl and Mg) were identified at moderate levels. These species may hold promise as bioindicators.
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Background@#Plants have played a significant role in maintaining human health and improving the quality of human life for thousands of years and have served humans as valuable components of seasonings, beverages, cosmetics, dyes and medicines. There are a number of medicinal plants used in the traditional medicine in the Mongolia to form “tan” prescriptions which are mostly consist of the mixture of individual medicinal plants and used by nomads during the long history for their health care as medicines. Lancea tibetica (Scrophulariaceae) is a traditional herbal medicinal plant in Mongolia, China and Tibetan. In Mongolian traditional medicine, L.tibetica different exclusive forms of preparations are effective for treatment of some disorders such as pulmonary, cough and heart disease. @*Aim@#This study aim was to define the biochemical some composition antibacterial activity and mineral elements content in air-dried samples Lancea tibetica of Mongolia. @*Material and Method@#The antibacterial activity and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was collected of the seed, aboveground part and root for the Lancea tibetica. From three different organs of plant Lancea tibetica was collected of the Tsenkher district Arkhangai province (2017.07.28) and Tunel district Khuvsgul province (2018.08.27) were evaluated by means of the Disk diffusion method against five bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis). We have taken extracts of plant 3 organs from organic solvent (7) ethyl acetate, hexane, n-butanol, methanol, chloroform, ethanol and distilled water for antibacterial activity. MIC of the extracts were defined and compared with each other. The macro-and microelements were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer analysis (XRFA).@*@#@*Result@#We have taken a dried seed, aboveground part and root of Lancea tibetica in the investigation. In these three samples were determined biochemical composition of 11 components for quantitative analysis: moisture was 6.2±0.2%, ash 4.8%, protein content was 1.67±0.1%, raw oil 5.9±0.3%, reduction sugar 0.39±0.1%, vitamin Р 16.6±1.8 mg%, extractive substances 18.6±0.2%, tanning matter 0.05±0.02% and flavonoids 0.2±0.01% in seed. The same moisture was 6.7±0.4%, ash 9.7%, protein content 1.89±0.2%, raw oil 6.1±0.8%, reduction sugar 0.52±0.1%, vitamin С 3.52±2.2mg%, vitamin Р (rutin) 20.3±0.2mg%, carotene 12.8mg%, extractive substances 16.8±0.1%, tanning matter 0.08±0.01% and flavonoids 0.6±0.24% in aboveground part. Besides this, in root: the moisture was 6.1±0.3%, ash was 14.9%, protein content was 2.1±0.3%, raw oil was 2.9±0.2%, reduction sugar 0.62±0.02%, vitamin Р 17.8±0.05mg%, extractive substances 20.3±0.4%, tanning matter was 0.06±0.03%, flavonoid was 0.35±0.002%. Besides this, we revealed the saponin by method quality analysis in aerial part and root of Lancea tibetica. But not triterpenoid saponin in seed. The same not revealed alkaloid all the samples. </br> Eighteen extracts (5mg/disc) of three organs (seed, aerial parts and root) showed antibacterial activity diverse. The MIC in ethanol and butanol extracts of seed, aboveground part and root was more than others. </br> From thoroughly air-dried aboveground part samples of Lancea tibetica from Tsenkher district of Arkhangai province and Tunel district of Khuvsgul province. We determined the 43 mineral elements. 11 elements were defined by percentage, 10 elements were oxide forms (SiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, CaO, MgO, Na<sub>2</sub>O, K<sub>2</sub>O, MnO, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) of them. Other elements were defined by mg/kg unit. The same heavy metallic, mobile elements (Cu, Cr, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ni, Co) and rare earth elements (Ce, La, Nd, Pr, Sm) were determined.@*Conclusion@#In the result of this research work to determine the content of biologically active substances in Lancea tibetica. Plants produce a great variety of organic compounds that are not directly involved in primary metabolic processes of ground and development. Study of the biochemistry of plant natural products has many practical applications. Various detectable contents of useful or macronutrient and micronutrient oxide was found in the ash of aerial parts. Some macronutrient and micronutrient elements were detected by oxide forms.
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The contents of 22 kinds of mineral elements in different parts of Changium smyrnioides and in the rhizosphere soil of 10 different populations were determined by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The characteristics of mineral elements in the plants and the soil of main distribution area of Ch. smyrnioides was analyzed and the mechanism of the quality formation of Ch. smyrnioides was explored to provide the basis for the quality evaluation and cultivation regulation of Ch. smyrnioides.The results showed that the quality of soil environment was better in the main distribution area of Ch. smyrnioides, the content of trace elements was higher, the contents of P and K were lower and the contents of mineral elements in the soil of each distribution area was significantly different. The three elements of Se, P and K are significantly accumulated in the root of Ch. smyrnioides. There were significant differences in the total contents of mineral elements in the roots of Ch. smyrnioides in different producing areas. The contents of mineral elements in different parts of Ch. smyrnioides were significantly different. Ch.smyrnioides of the main distribution area of Ch. smyrnioides belonged to the safety level, the distribution of mineral elements in the plants can be used as an indicator of the quality of medicinal herbs.
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The content of elements in fifteen different regions of Nitraria roborowskii samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-OES), and its elemental characteristics were analyzed by principal component analysis. The results indicated that 18 mineral elements were detected in N. roborowskii of which V cannot be detected. In addition, contents of Na, K and Ca showed high concentration. Ti showed maximum content variance, while K is minimum. Four principal components were gained from the original data. The cumulative variance contribution rate is 81.542% and the variance contribution of the first principal component was 44.997%, indicating that Cr, Fe, P and Ca were the characteristic elements of N. roborowskii.Thus, the established method was simple, precise and can be used for determination of mineral elements in N.roborowskii Kom. fruits. The elemental distribution characteristics among N.roborowskii fruits are related to geographical origins which were clearly revealed by PCA. All the results will provide good basis for comprehensive utilization of N.roborowskii.
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Objective: To compare the contents of mineral elements and amino acids in different germplasms of Anoectochilus roxburghii. Methods: The contents of amino acids and mineral elements in 11 different germplasms of A. roxburghii were determined by automatic amino acid analyzer and atomic absorption spectrometer. Results: The range of essential amino acids in the different species of A. roxburghii was 2.81%-4.47%, and the range of total amino acids was 11.38%-17.06%. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and lysine contents were significantly higher than those of other amino acids. The content of potassium was the highest, and the order was: K > Ca > Mg > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd. The principal components analysis showed that alanine, serine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, threonine, isoleucine, alanine, phenylalanine, and leucine were characteristic amino acids in A. roxburghii. Fe, Zn, Mn, Ca, Cr, and Mg were characteristic elements of A. roxburghii. Conclusion: There are regional differences of A. roxburghii between amino acids and the content of mineral elements.
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Screening of phytochemical and mineral elements composition of Cordyceps sinensis and its based product, Esulin were carried out in order to provide a basis for further research on the therapeutic value of these herbs. The results of both aqueous extracts positively showed the presence of several bioactive compounds like alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. However, terpenoids only present in the aqueous extract of Esulin. In addition, the levels of copper, zinc, cadmium, ferum, lead and nickel of both extracts were below the maximum permissible level suggested by World Health Organization (1989) & Malaysian Food Law (1985). The presence of phytochemical components and mineral elements in the aqueous extract of Cordyceps sinensis and Esulin might contribute to their therapeutic applications in medicinal practices.
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Background: Vernonia species are widely consumed as vegetables or medicinal herbs for the treatment of various human diseases in Nigeria. Nevertheless, there exists a growing concern for consumption safety of those herbal plants, due to increasing environmental pollution. This is because plants can accumulate some heavy metals that constitute a potential risk to human health. Nonetheless, also essential elements may be accumulated in plants, which provide nutrients for combating diseases and maintaining human health. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to analyze some heavy metals and mineral elements on Vernonia ambigua, V. oocephala and V. pupurea commonly used in Northern Nigerian traditional medicine. Methods: Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to determine the major elements (calcium and magnesium), trace elements (iron and manganese) and heavy metals (copper, cobalt, chromium, cadmium, lead and zinc). Results: We found a high Ca and Fe content in V. ambigua, Mg and Co in V. oocephala, and Cu and Cr in V. pupurea; in contrast, the last specie, showed low accumulation of Pb and Cd among all studied species. Conclusion: This study revealed that toxic elements concentrations are lower than the allowed dietary intake (ADI) in all the three Vernonia species. The quantitative estimation of these elements is important to understanding the pharmacological and/or toxicological actions of medicinal plants for safe use.
Antecedentes: Las especies de Vernonia son ampliamente consumidas como verduras o hierbas medicinales, para el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades humanas en Nigeria. Sin embargo, existe una creciente preocupación por la seguridad en el consumo de dichas plantas, debido al incremento en la contaminación. Esto es debido a que las plantas pueden acumular algunos metales pesados que constituyen un riesgo potencial para la salud humana. Sin embargo, algunos elementos esenciales también pueden acumularse en las plantas proporcionando nutrientes para combatir las enfermedades y mantener una buena salud. Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar algunos metales pesados y minerales en Vernonia ambigua, V. oocephala y V. Pupurea, comúnmente utilizadas en la medicina tradicional del norte de Nigeria. Métodos: La espectrofotometría de absorción atómica (AAS) se utilizó para determinar elementos mayores (calcio y magnesio), elementos trazas (hierro, manganeso) y elementos pesados (cobre, cobalto, cromo, cadmio, plomo y zinc). Resultados: se encontraron altos contenidos de Ca y Fe en V. ambigua, y de Mg y Co en V. oocephala. La cantidad de Cu y Cr fueron altas en V. Pupurea; en contraste, esta última reportó las cantidades más bajas de Pb (0.01200 mg/100g) y Cd (0.00670 mg / 100g) entre las tres especies de Vernonia estudiadas. Conclusión: Este estudio demostró que las concentraciones de elementos tóxicos como Pb, Cd y Co detectadas, son inferiores a la ingesta dietética permitido (ADI) en las tres especies de Vernonia. Las estimaciones cuantitativas de elementos pesados, son importantes para la comprensión de las acciones farmacológicas y/o toxicológicas de plantas medicinales para su uso seguro.
Subject(s)
Humans , Vernonia , Disease , Metals, Heavy , MineralsABSTRACT
A oliveira (Olea europaea L.) é uma planta característica da região Mediterrânea que teve seu cultivo disseminado para diversos países do mundo, devido ao grande interesse na produção de olivas e de seu azeite, ricos em ácidos graxos essenciais. As folhas da oliveira podem ser um importante subproduto gerado pela poda das árvores, pois apresentam quantidade significativa de compostos fenólicos e ácidos graxos benéficos à saúde. Tendo em vista a importância da constituição química das folhas de oliveira e o recente cultivo no sul do Brasil, este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um estudo exploratório sobre a composição centesimal, compostos fenólicos totais, ácidos graxos e minerais presentes nas folhas da cultivar 'Arbequina', cultivada em Caçapava do Sul, RS. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que as folhas possuem 8,14±0,24% de lipídios totais, sendo que os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados representaram mais da metade do teor total de ácidos graxos, com elevada concentração de ácido linolênico (18:3n3, 46,7%) que está presente no azeite, normalmente em concentrações próximas a 1%. A concentração de compostos fenólicos totais foi de 30,21±0,31mg GAE g-1 e os minerais predominantes nas folhas foram Ca, K, Mg, P e S (entre 1153 e 11448µg g-1). A concentração de sódio encontrada foi baixa (65,4±5,20µg g-1). Esses resultados demonstram que as folhas de oliveira cultivadas na região de Caçapava do Sul apresentam grande potencial de uso para suplementação da dieta tanto humana quanto de animais, por serem ricas em nutrientes.
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is a plant characteristic of the Mediterranean region that is cultivated in various countries of the world due to the great interest in the production of olives and their oil, which is rich in essential fatty acids. The leaves of the olive tree are an important by-product generated by pruning of trees that have significant amount of phenolic and fatty acids important to health. Given the importance of compounds present in olive leaves and the recent crop in southern Brazil, this study aimed to perform an exploratory study on the proximate composition, total phenolic compounds, fatty acids and minerals present in the leaves of the 'Arbequina' variety from Caçapava do Sul, RS, Brazil. The results showed that the leaves had 8.14±0.24% of total lipids, with an amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids more than half of the total content of fatty acids, in special linolenic acid (18:3n3, 46,7%), which is present in the olive oil in general close to the concentration of 1%. The concentration of total phenolics was 30.21±0.31mg GAE g-1 and the predominant minerals in the leaves were Ca, K, Mg, P and S (between 1153 and 11448mg g-1). The sodium concentration was considered low (65.4±5.20mg g-1). These results demonstrate that the leaves from olive trees cultivated in the region of Caçapava do Sul have great potential for use in dietary supplementation both human and animal because are rich in nutrients.
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Aims: With pickled perilla leaves as raw materials, this paper proposed the optimal ethanol extraction conditions and made a profound analysis for extract in the compositions of major active ingredients, nutrients, mineral elements and amino acid to characterize the nutritional and biological properties of pickled perilla leaves, which could aid its finely processing and future application in the development of functional food. Methods: The optimum ethanol extraction process for preparing freeze-dried powder from pickled perilla was studied by means of orthogonal experiments, with the concentration of ethanol, extracting temperature and extracting time as factors. Meanwhile, the contents of the activity components, such as polysaccharide, flavones and rosmarinic acid, as well as the mineral elements and nutritional contents in the freezedried powder were determined according to the methods reported by relevant literatures without or with a few modifications. Results: The optimal extracting conditions as follows: 50ºC of temperature, 60 min of extraction time and 80% of ethanol concentration. Under the optimal extracting conditions, the extraction rate of the freeze-dried powder was 1.71%. Moreover, perilla leaf extract contained rich biological and nutritional ingredients, including 33.39% of flavonoids, 9.24% of polysaccharides, 22.79% of rosmarinic acid, 5.47% of protein, 7.61% of fat, 2354 mg/kg of Ca, 111.4 mg/kg of Fe, 5.045 mg/kg of Zn, 1817 mg/kg of K , 12.66 mg/kg of Mn and nine of essential amino acids. In addition, perilla leaf extract exhibited obvious scavenging effects on the DPPH•, •OH and O2 •. Conclusion: In summary, pickled perilla leaf ethanol extract was rich in biological ingredients as well as a variety of nutrients, and showed antioxidant activities in vitro, thus it is valuable and promising in the development of functional foods in the future.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between mineral elements in soil and quality of Angelica sinensis. Methods The contents of five index chemical compositions, volatile oil, ethanol soluble extractive in fifty-six batches of Angelica sinensis from twelve habitats, and fifteen kinds of mineral elements in corresponding soil were determined. Pearson correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used. Results The results showed that there were significant(P<0.05) or very significant correlation (P<0.01) between many kinds of mineral elements in soil and quality constituents of Angelica sinensis. Mg, Na, Cr and Hg were the dominant factor of ferulic acid; K, Zn, Ni, Mn, Na, Pb, Cu and Sb were the dominant factor of 3-butylphthalide;K, Zn, Ni, Na, Cd, Cr and Hg were the dominant factors of Z-butylidenephthalide; Fe, Ca, Zn, Ni, Mn, Pb and Cu were the dominant factor of Z-ligustilide; Zn, Mn, As and Cu were the dominant factors of linolic acid; Fe, K, Ca, Zn, Mn, Na, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Sb and Hg were the dominant factors of volatile oil; Fe, K, Mg, Ni, Mn, Pb, As, Cu and Sb were the dominant factors of ethanol soluble extractive. Conclusion Mineral elements in soil have an important and stable influence on the quality formation of Angelica sinensis. K, Zn, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cu, Hg, Fe, Sb, Cr and Na are the dominant factors of several quality constituents of Angelica sinensis at the same time, which should be selectively examined during planting base selection and cultivation.
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Objective: To analyze the nutritional ingredient in the pollen of Gingko biloba and provide the theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of pollen of G. biloba. Methods: The nucleosides and dissociative amino acids in the pollen of G. biloba were detected by UPLC-TQM. The content of nucleosides in pollen of G. biloba was calculated with the help of UPLC-TQ/MS, and the mineral elements in the pollen of G. biloba were determined by ICP-AES. Results: In pollen of G. biloba there were 24 abundant dissociative amino acids accounting for 62.316 mg/g totally. In this number, dissociative essential amino acids accounted for 6.23 mg/g with the highest content of 17.11 mg/g aspartic acid (ASP). Meanwhile, a small quantity of taurine, approximately 0.24 mg/g, has been tested out. Furthermore, there were 16 kinds of nucleosides in the pollen of G. biloba. Among those nucleosides, guanosine made up for the highest percent with 251.99 μg/g while other nucleosides accounted for a low percent. In pollen of G. biloba, K is the most abundant with 26.301 mg/g, followed by Ca with 7.076 mg/g, Mg with 5.361 mg/g, and Fe with 2.545 mg/g. As to the heavy mental elements, as and Cd were not found in it. Conclusion: From above analysis, pollen of G. biloba can provide the theoretical basis for the development of health-care food with pollen of G. biloba.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between mineral elements in soil and quality of Angelica sinensis.
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Las infecciones por parásitos intestinales han sido señaladas de alterar las concentraciones séricas de macro y micro elementos esenciales, especialmente en niños. Mediante un espectrofotómetro de absorción atómica Varian Spectraa-20 Plus, se determinaron los niveles séricos de sodio (Na), potasio (K), cobre (Cu), hierro (Fe) y zinc (Zn) en 59 niños en edad preescolar y escolar de Taratara, estado Falcón, Venezuela. De estos, 27 estaban infectados solamente con Enterobius vermicularis y los restantes sin infecciones entero-parasitarias (grupo control). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P<0,05) entre los niveles séricos para ninguno de los elementos minerales medidos, cuando se comparó el grupo de los niños con enterobiasis vs. un grupo control no parasitado. Se sugiere que los resultados detectados en Taratara, estado Falcón, Venezuela, son una variación local de la problemática de la enterobiasis.
Intestinal parasitic infections have been shown to have deleterious effects on serum levels of essential macro and micro elements, especially in children. By means of the Atomic Absorption Spectrophometer Varian Spectraa-20 Plus, serological levels of sodium (Na), potassium (K), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) were measured in 59 preschool and school aged children of Taratara, Falcon state, Venezuela. Of these, 27 were monoparasited with Enterobius vermicularis, and remaining ones were without any entero-parasitic complaints (control group). There was no statistically significant difference in Cu, Zn, K, Na and Fe levels between the groups of oxyuros infected children vs. those non parasitized. This situation observed at Taratara, Falcón state, Venezuela, appears to be a particular local variation on the enterobiasis framework.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Enterobiasis , Enterobius , Oxyuriasis , Parasitic Diseases , Bacterial Infections , Epidemiologic Factors , ParasitesABSTRACT
Aims: To determine the bacteriological quality and geophysical abiotic components including mineral elements of public drinking water sources in Akungba-Akoko community located in South West Nigeria. Study Design: Water and soil samples were collected from selected ground water (e.g., well, borehole) and surface water (e.g., streams) in 20 various locations of Akungba-Akoko community. Similarly, Geographical positioning system (GPS) of the sampling site was determined. Methodology: Total bacteria and coliform content of water samples were enumerated using the pour plate technique. The physico-chemical parameters such as pH, turbidity and temperature and mineral elements constituents were determined. Total bacterial count, phosphorus (P) and copper (Cu) were also determined in the soil samples. Results: The total bacterial count ranged from as low as 1.0 x 102 cfu/mL in GLAS site to 1.22 x 106 cfu/mL in sample site GLA9, while the coliforms count ranged from 5.0 x 101 cfu/mL in well water of sample site GLG1 to 36 x 104 cfu/mL and 3.8 x 105 cfu/mL in sample site GL9 and GL7 respectively. As for soil sources, the total heterotrophic bacterial count range was from 1.8 x105 cfu/g to 8.7 x105 cfu/g. Total hardness of the water sources ranged from 4.46 ppm in sample site GLA2 to 216.86 ppm in well water (GLWS 6) in Akungba. High levels of lead in some areas as in Araromi pond zone (GLCW16) and Well water 2nd Market (GLBWS 6) among others, exceeded the maximum permissible level of 0.10 mg/L. The pH of water sources range from pH 5.52 to pH 7.91 while temperature ranges from 23ºC to 28ºC. Conclusion: This study shows that many sources of public drinking water supply in Akungba-Akoko are microbiologically substandard with possible infiltration of some chemical contaminants. Hence, routine monitoring and protection of the water resources is necessary in this community to improve the quality of drinking water and avoid possible associated health risks.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the change of mineral element in Tibet herb Halenia ellipitica D. Don before and after the seeds matured. Method We separately collected the cultivated Halenia ellipitica D. Don of several different districts in Qinghai province before and after the seeds matured and analyzed the contents of mineral elements as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium by atom absorb spectrum instrument. Results and Conclusion The calcium, magnesium and potassium, sodium elements nutriment has an antagonistic characteristic. The sodium and phosphorus elements nutriment has a coordination characteristic of the cultivated Halenia ellipitica D. Don in Qinghai province during the growth period.
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Objective: To investigate six mineral element contents of rice bran and milled rice from three color rice cultivars (white rice, red rice, black rice). Methods: Select 36 typical cultivars and determine Se, Zn, Fe, Ca, Mn, Cu contents in their rice bran and milled rice with AFS-2201 atomic fluorescent spectrometer and AA-680 atomic absorption spectrometer. Results: 1. The six mineral element contents of rice bran were 2.58, 3.35, 10.04, 4.58, 12.79 and 6.59 times as those of milled rice respectively. 2. The Ca content of black milled rice was significantly higher than that of white and red milled rice. The Mn content in rice bran of white rice was significantly higher than those of black and red rice. Other mineral element contents were not significantly different. 3. For rice bran and milled rice of different cultivars, the contents of each mineral element in three color rices varied greatly. Conclusions: 1. The content of six minerals in rice bran was 5.66 times on average as that in milled rice in all cultivars of three color rice. 2. Eight cultivars of the highest content of each mineral in rice bran and milled rice were recommended for commercial use and human consumption.