Development and Evaluation of a Hydrogel containing Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng Extract for Topical Applications

Abstract The purpose of this research was to develop a hydrogel containing the extract of Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) with appropriate physicochemical properties and good dermatological efficacy. The Gac aril fruit was extracted by maceration in dichloromethane, and its antioxidant activity was determined through a DPPH assay. The very low water-solubility of the Gac extract is responsible for its incompatibility with the hydrogel. To overcome this drawback, LabrafacTM PG and Tween 60 were used to develop the hydrogel due to their potent potential for solubilizing the Gac extract. The prepared hydrogels displayed good physical properties, a homogenous orange gel, appropriate pH, and viscosity. After storage in an accelerated condition for six months, the hydrogels of the Gac extract had physical stability and high remaining amounts of beta-carotene and lycopene within the range of 90.25 - 94.61%. The skin efficacy of hydrogel containing the Gac fruit extract was found using 14 healthy female volunteers over a 30-day period of daily application. Topical application of the hydrogel containing the Gac fruit extract, which contains antioxidants, significantly moisturizes the skin and enhanced its elasticity (p ≤ 0.05; ANOVA). This makes it suitable for use as a skin care product

Antioxidant compounds and capacities of Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) fruits

Objective: To identify and determine the composition of antioxidant compounds, and to evaluate the antioxidant abilities of Gac fruit parts (peel, pulp, seed and aril) grown in Malaysia.Methods: LC-MS/MS was used for identification of antioxidant compounds and UV-Vis for estimation of the contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Lycopene and β-carotene were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays were employed to evaluate antioxidant capacities.Results: Phytochemicals were found amongst all the fruit parts. Notably, significant amounts of carotenoids [(107.4 ± 4.5), (85.7 ± 4.4), (110.6 ± 2.1) mg/100 g dry weight (DW)], and relatively high levels of both phenolics [(27.3 ± 1.7), (28.9 ± 2.4), (30.8 ± 2.7) mg/100 g DW]and flavonoids [(38.1 ± 2.2), (8.8 ± 1.3), (24.5 ± 3.3) mg/100 g DW] were found in the fruit's peel, pulp and aril, respectively. Seed part also showed a relatively high level of flavonoids [(18.1 ± 2.3) mg/100 g DW]. Lycopene and β-carotene were found to be significantly high (P < 0.05)in aril [(579.3 ± 22.7) and (621.0 ± 35.0) μg/g DW], followed by peel [(51.0 ± 7.5) and (210.0 ± 12.5) μg/g DW] and pulp [(37.6 ± 10.9) and (205.6 ± 22.1) μg/g DW)]. Antioxidant assays revealed that aril possessed the highest scavenging activity (IC50 = 865 μg/mL), while the peel possessed the highest ferric reducing power of 140 μmol FeSO4/μg.Conclusions: The current results demonstrate that Gac fruit grown in Malaysia is a rich source of phytochemicals, especially carotenoids, and possesses antioxidant activities. Thus, such findings suggest Gac fruit as a source of an antioxidant plant.

Antioxidant compounds and capacities of Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) fruits

Objective: To identify and determine the composition of antioxidant compounds, and to evaluate the antioxidant abilities of Gac fruit parts (peel, pulp, seed and aril) grown in Malaysia. Methods: LC-MS/MS was used for identification of antioxidant compounds and UV-Vis for estimation of the contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Lycopene and β-carotene were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays were employed to evaluate antioxidant capacities. Results: Phytochemicals were found amongst all the fruit parts. Notably, significant amounts of carotenoids [(107.4 ± 4.5), (85.7 ± 4.4), (110.6 ± 2.1) mg/100 g dry weight (DW)], and relatively high levels of both phenolics [(27.3 ± 1.7), (28.9 ± 2.4), (30.8 ± 2.7) mg/100 g DW] and flavonoids [(38.1 ± 2.2), (8.8 ± 1.3), (24.5 ± 3.3) mg/100 g DW] were found in the fruit's peel, pulp and aril, respectively. Seed part also showed a relatively high level of flavonoids [(18.1 ± 2.3) mg/100 g DW]. Lycopene and β-carotene were found to be significantly high (P < 0.05) in aril [(579.3 ± 22.7) and (621.0 ± 35.0) μg/g DW], followed by peel [(51.0 ± 7.5) and (210.0 ± 12.5) μg/g DW] and pulp [(37.6 ± 10.9) and (205.6 ± 22.1) μg/g DW)]. Antioxidant assays revealed that aril possessed the highest scavenging activity (IC

Studies on liposoluble constituents from Momordicae Semen / 中国中药杂志

The liposoluble constituents in Momordicae Semen were investigated in the present study. By silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC, 22 compounds were isolated and purified from dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fraction. Based on NMR and MS spectra analyses, these compounds were identified as lupeol (1), 5-(1'-hydroxypentyl)-5H-furan-2-one (2), palmitic acid (3), viscumamide (4), clavatustide C (5), laxanol (6), threo-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-{4-[2-formyl-(E)-vinyl]-2-methoxyphenoxyl}-propane-1, 3-diol (7), α-spinasterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (8), chushizisin F (9), ehletianol C (10), tanegool (11), (7R, 8R, 8'R)-4'-guaiacylglyceryl-evofolin B (12), ligballinone (13), (7R, 8S, 8'R)- 4, 4', 9-trihydroxy- 7, 9'-epoxy- 8, 8'-lignan (14), chushizisin I (15), chushizisin A (16), chushizisin G (17), p-coumaraldehyde (18), α-spinasterol (19), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (20), chushizisin E (21), and 3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxyphenyl-2, 3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl] propane-1-ol (22), respectively. Compounds 1-17 were isolated from Momordica cochinchinensis for the first time. Compound 2 was a new natural product while compounds 4 and 5 were first found in the terrestrial organism.

Gac fruit extracts ameliorate proliferation and modulate angiogenic markers of human retinal pigment epithelial cells under high glucose conditions

To investigate the impact of the extracts of Gac fruit parts (peel, pulp, seed, and aril) on the cell viability and angiogenesis markers of human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells under high glucose conditions.Methods: The effect of the extracts of Gac fruit peel, pulp, seed and aril on the ARPE-19 cells was determined using MTT viability assay, Trypan blue dye and morphological changes were observed using light microscopy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent-based assay was performed to evaluate the effect of Gac fruit parts on the reactive oxygen species (ROS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigmented epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) secretions.Results: High glucose (HG) at 30 mmol/L increased ARPE-19 cell viability and ROS and VEGF secretions. While, the exposure of ARPE-19 cells in high glucose condition to Gac fruit extracts led to inhibition of cell viability, induced morphological changes, decreased ROS and VEGF secretions, and increased PEDF level. Gac pulp, seed, and aril at 1000 μg/mL showed significant inhibition activities [(7.5 ± 5.1)％, (2.7 ± 0.5)％, (3.2 ± 1.1)％, respectively] against HG-induced ARPE-19 cell viability. The findings also demonstrated that Gac aril at 250 μg/mL significantly decreased ROS and VEGF levels [(40.6 ± 3.3) pg/mL, (107.4 ± 48.3) pg/mL, respectively] compared to ROS [(71.7 ± 2.9) pg/mL] and VEGF [(606.9 ± 81.1) pg/mL] in HG untreated cells. Moreover, 250 μg/mL of Gac peel dramatically increased PEDF level [(18.2 ± 0.3) ng/mL] compared to that in HG untreated cells [(0.48 ± 0.39) ng/mL].Conclusions: This study indicates that the extracts of Gac peel, pulp, seed and aril reduced cell viability, minimized ROS generations and showed angiogenic activities. Therefore, our findings open new insights into the potentiality of Gac fruit against HG-related diabetic retinopathy disease.

Gac fruit extracts ameliorate proliferation and modulate angiogenic markers of human retinal pigment epithelial cells under high glucose conditions

Objective: To investigate the impact of the extracts of Gac fruit parts (peel, pulp, seed, and aril) on the cell viability and angiogenesis markers of human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells under high glucose conditions. Methods: The effect of the extracts of Gac fruit peel, pulp, seed and aril on the ARPE-19 cells was determined using MTT viability assay, Trypan blue dye and morphological changes were observed using light microscopy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent-based assay was performed to evaluate the effect of Gac fruit parts on the reactive oxygen species (ROS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigmented epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) secretions. Results: High glucose (HG) at 30 mmol/L increased ARPE-19 cell viability and ROS and VEGF secretions. While, the exposure of ARPE-19 cells in high glucose condition to Gac fruit extracts led to inhibition of cell viability, induced morphological changes, decreased ROS and VEGF secretions, and increased PEDF level. Gac pulp, seed, and aril at 1 000 μg/mL showed significant inhibition activities [(7.5 ± 5.1)%, (2.7 ± 0.5)%, (3.2 ± 1.1)%, respectively] against HG-induced ARPE-19 cell viability. The findings also demonstrated that Gac aril at 250 μg/mL significantly decreased ROS and VEGF levels [(40.6 ± 3.3) pg/mL, (107.4 ± 48.3) pg/mL, respectively] compared to ROS [(71.7 ± 2.9) pg/mL] and VEGF [(606.9 ± 81.1) pg/mL] in HG untreated cells. Moreover, 250 μg/mL of Gac peel dramatically increased PEDF level [(18.2 ± 0.3) ng/mL] compared to that in HG untreated cells [(0.48 ± 0.39) ng/mL]. Conclusions: This study indicates that the extracts of Gac peel, pulp, seed and aril reduced cell viability, minimized ROS generations and showed angiogenic activities. Therefore, our findings open new insights into the potentiality of Gac fruit against HG-related diabetic retinopathy disease.

Protective effect of Momordica cochinchinensis (L. ) spreng aril extract on essential testicular markers in rats induced with valproic acid / Efecto protector de Momordica cochinchinensis (L. ) extracto de aril en marcadores testiculares esenciales en ratas inducidas con ácido valproico

Valproic acid (VPA), an anti-epileptic drug, has been reported to cause male sub/infertility. Together with searching for alternative treatments, the degrees to which testosterone levels and sperm quality are decreased under VPA treatment also need to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Momordica cochinchinensis (MC) aril extract containing antioxidant capacity on adverse reproductive parameters induced with VPA. Rats were divided into 6 groups (control, VPA, 200 mg kg-1 of MC only, 50, 100, 200 mg kg-1 MC+VPA, respectively, n=8 in each). Animals were pretreated with MC extract for 23 days before co-administration with VPA (500 mg kg-1, i.p.) for 10 consecutive days. All reproductive parameters including histology, and expression of androgen receptor (AR), Ki-67, tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, and steroidogenic proteins in testis were examined. The results showed that MC could prevent all reproductive parameters in VPA-treated rats. Moreover, MC+VPA groups showed significant declining of testicular histopathologies compared to VPA group. It also decreased the malondialdehyde level and changes of the testicular StAR, AR, and tyrosine phosphorylated protein expressions. In conclusion, M. cochinchinensis aril extract can prevent adverse male reproductive parameters and essential testicular proteins damages induced with VPA.

Se ha informado que el ácido valproico (VPA), un fármaco antiepiléptico, causa infertilidad masculina. Junto con la búsqueda de tratamientos alternativos, los grados a los que los niveles de testosterona y la calidad del esperma son disminuidos bajo el tratamiento de VPA también necesitan ser aclarados. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos protectores del extracto aril de Momordica cochinchinensis (MC) que contiene capacidad antioxidante sobre parámetros reproductivos adversos inducidos con VPA. Las ratas se dividieron en 6 grupos (control, VPA, 200 mg kg-1 de MC solamente, 50, 100, 200 mg kg-1 de MC + VPA, respectivamente; n = 8 en cada uno). Los animales fueron pretratados con extracto de MC durante 23 días antes de la coadministración con VPA (500 mg kg-1, i.p.) durante 10 días consecutivos. Se examinaron todos los parámetros reproductivos, incluyendo la histología, y la expresión de receptor de andrógenos (AR), Ki-67, proteínas fosforiladas con tirosina y proteínas esteroidogénicas en los testículos. Los resultados mostraron que MC podría prevenir todos los parámetros reproductivos en las ratas tratadas con VPA. Además, los grupos MC + VPA mostraron una disminución significativa de las histopatologías testiculares en comparación con el grupo VPA. También disminuyó el nivel de malondialdehído y los cambios de las expresiones testiculares de las proteínas StAR, AR y tirosina fosforiladas. En conclusión, el extracto de aril de M. cochinchinensis puede prevenir los parámetros reproductivos masculinos adversos y los daños esenciales de proteínas testiculares inducidos con VPA.

Antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng: (Gac) aril extract on reproductive damages in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia mice / Efectos antioxidantes e hipoglucémicos del extracto de aril de Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng: (Gac) sobre los daños reproductivos en ratones con hiperglucemia inducida por streptozotocin (STZ)

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of Momordica cochinchinensis (Gag) aril (GA) aqueous extract on male reproductive system of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia (HG) mice. GA were extracted with distilled water (DW) and analyzed for in vitro antioxidant capacities. ICR male mice were divided into 7 groups: 1) control, 2) DW, 3) GA 1000 mg/kg BW, 4) HG, 5) HG + glibenclamide, 6 and 7) HG + GA 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW respectively (7 mice/ group). In HG groups, mice were induced by STZ at single dose (150 mg/kg BW). They were treated for consecutive 35 days. All groups were compared for blood glucose levels, weights and histopathologies of reproductive organs, sperm concentration including testicular tyrosine phosphorylation protein patterns by Immuno-Western blotting. The results showed that GA processed antioxidant activities and could significantly decrease blood glucose levels and increase sperm concentration in HG mice. Moreover, GA could change the density of a testicular 70 kDa protein in HG-GA groups. In conclusion, GA extract could improve hyperglycemia and male reproductive damages in STZ-induced HG mice.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto del extracto acuoso de Momordica cochinchinensis (Gag) aril (GA) en el sistema reproductor masculino de ratones hiperglucémicos inducidos por estreptozotocina (STZ). GA fue extraída con agua destilada (DW) y se analizaron las capacidades antioxidantes in vitro. Ratones ICR machos fueron divididos en 7 grupos: 1) control, 2) DW, 3) GA 1000 mg / kg PC, 4) HG, 5) HG + glibenclamida, 6 y 7) HG + GA 500 y 1000 mg / kg PC, respectivamente (7 ratones / grupo). En los grupos HG, los ratones fueron inducidos con STZ en dosis única (150 mg / kg BW). Fueron tratados durante 35 días consecutivos. En todos los grupos se compararon los niveles de glucosa en sangre, los pesos y las histopatologías de los órganos reproductores, la concentración de espermatozoides, incluídos los patrones testiculares de proteínas tirosina fosforilada por Inmuno-Western blot. Los resultados mostraron que GA procesaba actividades antioxidantes y podían disminuir significativamente los niveles de glucosa en sangre y aumentar la concentración de espermatozoides en ratones HG. Además, GA podría cambiar la densidad de una proteína testicular de 70 kDa en grupos HG-GA. En conclusión, el extracto de GA podría mejorar la hiperglucemia y los daños reproductivos masculinos inducidos por STZ en ratones HG.

Experimental Study on Acute Toxicity of Momordica Cochinchinensis in Mice / 中国药师

Objective:To study the acute toxicity of Momordica Cochinchinensis in mice, observe and evaluate the acute toxicity of Momordica Cochinchinensis herbs in order to provide basis for the safe and reasonable clinical medication. Methods: According to the classic experiment methods, the acute toxicity of Momordica Cochinchinensis in mice was compared with different administration meth-ods, and the LD50 was calculated by the Bliss method with the continuous administration and observation for 7 d. At the end of the tri-al, the pathologic changes of the relevant organs were also observed. Results:The LD50 of Momordica Cochinchinensis in mice with oral administration was 4. 03g·kg-1 , and the 95% confidence interval was 3. 29-4. 92 g·kg-1 . The LD50 of Momordica Cochinchinensis in mice with intraperitoneal injection was 146. 17 mg·kg-1 , and the 95% confidence interval was 118. 92-177. 31 mg·kg-1 . Conclu-sion:The Momordica Cochinchinensis extract is poisonous, which is consistent with the literatures and pharmacopoeia. By comparing the acute toxicity with different administration methods of Momordica Cochinchinensis in mice, it is beneficial to the evaluation of acute toxicity of Momordica Cochinchinensis to provide basis for the reasonable medication in clinics.

Content Comparison and Correlation Analysis of Gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic Acid Methyl Ester in Mo-mordica cochinchinensis from 14 Production Places of 8 Provinces / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for variety breeding,high yield and high quality cultivation of Momordica cochi-nchinensis. METHODS:Based on Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition,Vol Ⅰ),HPLC for determining the content of gyp-sogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis was optimized,the contents of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis from 14 production places of 8 provinces were compared,and cluster analysis was conduct-ed. Correlation of longitude,latitude and altitude with content of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchi-nensis was analyzed by SPSS17.0 software. RESULTS:Gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis showed good linear relationship in 0.05-0.5 mg/mL,regression equation was Y=4361.95X+67.3808(R2=0.9997);the limits of quantification and detection were 15.62 ng and 4.67 ng,respectively. Average recovery was 99.76%(RSD=1.36%,n=9). The content of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis from 14 production places of 8 provinces had ex-tremely significant differences(P<0.01). Clustering analysis results indicated that M. cochinchinensis from 14 production places of 8 provinces were divided into Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ groups. Contents of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochi-nchinensis of Ⅲ,Ⅳ groups were relatively high,including Guangxi Pingnan,Guizhou Jiangkou,Guizhou Dejiang,Fujian Jian-yang and Hunan Huitong,in which,Guangxi Pingnan,Guizhou Jiangkou,Guizhou Dejiang and Hunan Huitong had high altitude and low latitude,Fujian Jianyang had high altitude. The content of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochi-nchinensis was positively correlated with altitude,while negatively correlated with longitude and latitude. CONCLUSIONS:HPLC is simple,accurate and reproducible for determining the content of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochi-nchinensis,and the determined contents of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis from 14 produc-tion places of 8 provinces have reached the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition,Vol Ⅰ). Cultivation in Guangxi Pingnan,Guizhou Jiangkou,Guizhou Dejiang,Hunan Huitong and other areas with high altitude and low latitude helps to improve the content accumulation of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis.

Momordica cochinchinensis (L. ) spreng: aril extract prevents adverse reproductive parameters of male rats Induced with valproic acid / El extracto del arilo Momordica cochinchinensis (L. ) Spreng previene los parámetros reproductivos adversos inducidos con ácido valproico en ratas macho

This study aimed to investigate protective effect of Momordica cochinchinensis (MC) aril extract on adverse reproductive parameters of male rat induced with valproic acid (VPA) commonly used in treatment for antiepileptic diseases. Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (control, VPA, 200 mg/kg BW of PE only, and 50, 100, 200 mg/kg BW MC+VPA, respectively). Animals were pretreated with aqueous MC extract for 23 days before co-administered with VPA induction for 10 days. At the end of experiment, all male reproductive parameters and testicular histology were examined. The results showed all doses of PE significantly protect the decrease the weights of epididymis and seminal vesicle but not of body and testicular weights. MC extract also increased sperm concentration and seminiferous tubular diameters in MC+VPA co-administrative groups. Moreover, testicular histology of MC+VPA groups showed significant declining of testicular histopathologies as compared to VPA group. It was concluded that M. Cochinchinensis aril extract can prevent adverse male reproductive parameters and testicular damage induced with VPA.

El objetivo fue investigar el efecto protector del extracto de arilo de Momordica cochinchinensis (MC) sobre los parámetros reproductivos adversos de la rata macho inducida con ácido valproico (AV) que se utiliza comúnmente en el tratamiento de enfermedades epilépticas. Las ratas se dividieron en 6 grupos (control, AV, 200 mg/kg por peso corporal de PE solamente, y 50, 100, 200 mg/kg por peso corporal MC+AV, respectivamente). Los animales fueron tratados previamente con extracto acuoso MC durante 23 días, antes de la administración de AV durante 10 días. Al término del experimento, se examinaron todos los parámetros reproductivos masculinos y la histología testicular. Los resultados indicaron que todas las dosis de PE protegen de manera significativa la disminución de los pesos de epidídimo y vesículas seminales, pero no de peso corporal y testicular. El extracto de MC también aumentó la concentración de espermatozoides y los diámetros de los túbulos seminíferos en los grupos de administración con MC+AV. Por otra parte, la histología testicular de los grupos MC+AV mostró una disminución significativa de histopatologías testiculares en comparación con el grupo AV. En conclusión, el extracto de arilo M. cochinchinensis puede prevenir la aparición de parámetros reproductivos masculinos negativos y los daños testiculares inducidos con AV.

Non-Cytotoxic Property and DNA Protective Activity against H2O2 and UVC of Thai GAC Fruit Extracts in Human TK6 Cells.

Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) fruit of Cucurbitaceae family is indigenous vegetable and fruit to Southeast Asia. It has been generally known as “GAC” whereas in Thailand it is called “Fhuck-khow”. Regarding its richness in anti-oxidants particularly lycopene and beta-carotene, GAC is named "fruit from heaven" and believed to promote longevity, health and vitality. In present study, GAC extracts were prepared from pulp (PU), skin (SK) and seed membrane (SM) by 50%, 95% ethanol and water (W). MTT assay was done in TK6 cells to determine their cytotoxicity property. The non-cytotoxic extracts were further evaluated for the DNA protective activity against H2O2 and UVC using high alkaline (pH >13) comet assay. TK6 cells (1x105 cells/ml) were pre-incubated with GAC extracts (25, 50 and 100μg/ml) for 24 h prior to an exposure to 50 μM H2O2 and a 254-nm UVC germicidal lamp for DNA damage induction. We found that H2O2-induced DNA damage was suppressed by 30- 60 % when cells were pre-treated with PU, SK and SM extracts at all concentrations used. Regarding test condition used, UVC clearly induced DNA damage in TK6 cells greater that that by H2O2. The protective effect of GAC extracts against UVC was found by 20-30%. Our present results suggest that GAC possesses DNA protective ability against H2O2 and UVC. The degree of anti-oxidative damage activity in TK6 cells of GAC extracts is SK95>SMW>SK50.

Investigation into organic components and biological properties of seed and root of Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) spreng in Vietnam

components and biological properties of seed and root of Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) spreng in Vietnam showed that: the content of lipid in seed nucleus is very high 56%, seed membrane 23%, root 1.73%. Alkaloid exists in seed nucleus, not exist in seed cover and root; tanin was much in seed nucleus and little in seed cover and root; glycoside was much in seed cover, root and little in seed nucleus; flavonoid was much in seed nucleus, little in seed cover and root; saponin was much in root and little in seed nucleus and seed cover. Saponin in Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) spreng can inhibit different kinds of virus and microorganisms. Extracted material and solvent rate decided antivirus and antimicroorganism activities of saponin

Study of the isolation, chemical structure elucidation and biological activities of saponins from roots of Momordica cochinchinesis Spreng

Study on the isolation, structure elucidation 2 saponins and antibacterial, antifungal activities and cytotoxicity of saponins from roots of Momordica cochinchinesis Spreng, 4-5 years of age and collected at Tay Ninh in June 2002. Results: 2 saponins of oleanolic acid group were isolated and elucidated from BuOH extract of the root of Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng extraction were momordin Ib and momordin. Saponin's structure was determined by spectrum method and was compared with published data. The results showed that both of saponins have strong antibacterial to E.coli, B.subtillis, and S.aureus without cytotoxicity in the three experimental cell lines

Study on acute oral toxicity of the seed of momordica cochinchinensis

The trial of acute oral toxicity of the seed of Momordica cochinchinensis in mice showed that LD50 of the seed powder is 92.27g/kg. The result of the study should be considered in the attempt to use the seed of Momordica cochinchinensis as a drug administered orally. While waiting for confirmation, it is necessary to inform in public that taking this seed orally should be avoided

Studies on Fatty Acid Composition in the Oil of Momordica cochinchinensis / 中草药

To determine the fatty acid composition in the oil of Semen Momordicae to evaluate itspractical use. Fatty oil was obtained by Soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether and converted to methylester derivatives by methanolic potassium hydroxide. Contents of the resultant methyl esters were then de-termined by GC-MS. Eight fatty acids were characterized and determined. Results of the study may pro-vide some information for the exploitation and utilization in the oil of seed of Momordicae cochinchinensis(Lout.) Spreng.