ABSTRACT
Drug abuse is a serious public health and social problem in the world today. Due to its strong mental dependence, high relapse rate and high neurotoxicity, it has a serious negative impact on the family and society. However, the effective treatment of drug dependence is siili an obstacle in the medical and health care. Cannabidiol is a non-toxic component extracted from plant marijuana, which has potential value in treatment of a variety of nervous system diseases (such as Parkinson'sdisease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, etc.)and has attracted wide attention. Recent studies have shown that Cannabidiol has a good intervention effect on psycho-dependence induced by methamphetamine, morphine, cocaine, alcohol and other drugs, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. This paper reviews the role of marijuana in the intervention of drug dependence and its related mechanisms, in order to further study the potential value and related mechanisms of marijuana in treatment of drug dependence, aiming to further study the potential value and related mechanisms of cannabidiol in treatment of drug dependence, and to provide important references for discovering new mechanism targets for the prevention and treatment of drug dependence.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Epidural administration of local anesthetics and opiate or intravenous administration of opiate and ketorolac has proven to be effective in the treatment of postoperative pain. Studies that compare epidual morphine-bupivacaine vs intravenous nalbuphine-ketorolac administration showed conflicting results. We compared the ability and side effects of epidural (EPI-PCA) morphine-bupivacaine versus intravenous (IV-PCA) nalbuphine-ketorolac for postoperative pain relief after cesarean delivery. METHOD: Sixty healthy women were randomly assigned to receive an epidural bolus of morphine 3 mg mixed with 0.5% bupivacaine 10 ml, followed by a EPI-PCA with 0.0125% morphine and 0.125% bupivacaine (basal infusion 2 ml/hr, bolus 0.5 ml, lock-out interval 15 min) or intravenous bolus of nalbuphine 5 mg, followed by a IV-PCA with 0.05% nalbuphine and 0.15% ketorolac (basal infusion 2 ml/hr, bolus 0.5 ml, lock-out interval 30 min) for pain relief after cesarean delivery. The intensity of pain was assessed by the patient, who was unawared of the dose given, using a visual analog scale (VAS). To compare intensity of pain, VAS was used at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 40 hour after the end of surgery. RESULT : EPI-PCA group had significant lower visual analog scale (VAS) at immediate postoperative period, whereas no significant difference was observed when pain was assessed at other time sequence. Pruritus was more frequent with EPI-PCA group, although the incidence of other side effects were the same. CONCLUSION: We conclude that EPI-PCA or IV-PCA using morphine-bupivacaine or nalbuphine- ketorolac is relatively effective and safe method for the postoperative pain control. Although EPI-PCA with morphine-bupivacaine shows lower VAS at immediate postoperative period, IV-PCA with nalbuphine-ketorolac is a safe and effective alternative to EPI-PCA with morphine-bupivacaine for providing pain relief after cesarean delivery.