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1.
RFO UPF ; 27(1): 73-83, 08 ago. 2023. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1509385

ABSTRACT

Diversos autores desenvolveram estudos acerca da potencial associação entre a etiocarcinogênese do carcinoma espinocelular não melanocítico (CECNM) labial e o uso crônico da hidroclorotiazida (HCTZ). Objetivo: A atual revisão objetivou investigar a relação do diurético HCTZ e o risco de CECNM labial. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados LILACS, PUBMED/MEDLINE e Periódico CAPES, em que foram incluídos artigos em inglês, português e francês, publicados no período de 2017 a 2022. Foram propostos 60 documentos e, dentre esses, 30 foram selecionados para compor a amostra no estudo. Resultados: Foi evidenciada uma relação entre o uso da HCTZ e a ocorrência de CENM com relação dose cumulativa devido às alterações provocadas pelo fármaco, no entanto, em virtude da heterogeneidade de desenhos metodológicos e concentração dos estudos em populações semelhantes, existem limitações quanto à confiabilidade dessas informações. Conclusão: Identificou-se uma desproporção entre a ocorrência e relevância do CENM e a produção científica vigente, demonstrando a necessidade de estudos com metodologias padronizadas que abranjam diferentes especificidades socioeconômicas e demográficas.(AU)


Several authors have developed studies about a potential association between the etiocarcinogenesis of non-melanocytic lip squamous cell carcinoma (NMSCC) and the chronic use of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the relation between the diuretic HCTZ and the risk of lip NMSCC. Methods: A literature review was carried out in the LILACS, PUBMED/MEDLINE and CAPES Periodical databases, which included articles in English, Portuguese and French, published between 2017 and 2022. Sixty documents were collected and, among these, 30 were selected to compose the sample in the study. Results: There was evidence of a relationship between the use of HCTZ and the occurrence of MSCC with a cumulative dose relationship due to changes caused by the drug, however, because of the heterogeneity of methodological designs and concentration of studies in similar populations, there are limitations regarding the reliability of this information. Conclusion: A disproportion between the occurrence and relevance of the NMSCC and the current scientific production was identified, demonstrating the need for studies with standardized methodologies that cover different demographic socioeconomic specificities.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Lip Neoplasms/chemically induced , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced , Diuretics/adverse effects , Hydrochlorothiazide/adverse effects , Photosensitivity Disorders/chemically induced , Risk Factors , Carcinogenesis/chemically induced
2.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 27(1): 111-116, Jan.-Mar. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421678

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Head and neck cancer (HNC) and its treatment can cause physical, psychological, and quality of life (QoL) damage, because it can disturb the physiology of eating, breathing, speaking, and compromise self-image. Objective To evaluate the QoL of the pretreatment of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer according to the anatomical location of the tumor. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 144 patients undergoing pretreatment for cancer from February 2017 to July 2019. The University of Washington QoL Questionnaire (version 4) was used to assess the QoL. The anatomical location data were obtained from medical records. The ANOVA test was used to compare the differences in QoL according to tumor location. Results A total of 144 participants were included, 66 (45.5%) of whom had the primary tumor located in the mouth. The median age of the patients was 62 years, with a higher prevalence of male (75.7%), Black (78.5%), single/divorced/widowed people (59%), and illiterates (32.6%); most of them were smokers (84.7%) and alcohol drinkers (79.2%). The mean QoL score was 830 for mouth cancer, 858 for pharynx cancer, and 891 for laryngeal cancer patients. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the QoL of patients with head and neck cancer was not influenced by tumor location. The most affected domains in the three groups were pain, appearance, chewing, swallowing, and speech (p < 0.05).

3.
Rev. Ciênc. Plur ; 7(2): 107-118, maio 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1282976

ABSTRACT

Introdução:Os tumores de cabeça e pescoço têm expressiva incidência e mortalidade, assim comoalta letalidade, e constituem um relevante problema de saúde pública, particularmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Dentre as neoplasias malignas diagnosticadas no mundo, aproximadamente 10% estão localizadas na boca, sendo esse o sexto tipo de câncer mais incidente. Objetivo:Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes diagnosticados com câncer de boca e faringe da Liga Mossoroense de Estudos e Combate ao Câncer do município de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte,Brasil,entre janeiro 2013 e junho de 2018.Metodologia:Estudo transversal, fundamentado na análise retrospectiva e descritiva de prontuários médicos.Resultados:Dos221 prontuáriosanalisados, a cor branca (56,6%) e o gênero masculino (70,6%) foram os mais prevalentes, com média de idade entre 55 e65 anos. A maioria (61,9%) apresentava ensino fundamental incompleto, sendo residentes de área urbana (59,6%) com histórico de uso de tabaco (64,6%) e/ou bebidas alcoólicas (53,9%). Osítio mais prevalente de câncer em boca foi a base da língua (12,7%).Conclusões:Conhecer o perfil dos pacientes com câncer de boca e orofaringe é um importante passo para melhor traçar e direcionar ações de saúde pública visando tanto àprevenção quanto o diagnóstico precoce (AU).


Introduction:Head and neck tumors have a significant incidence and mortality, as well as high lethality, and are a relevant public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Among the malignant neoplasms diagnosed in the world, approximately 10% are located in the mouth, this being the sixth most frequent type of cancer. Objective:To evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with oral and pharyngeal cancer of the Mossoroense League of Studies and Cancer Fighting in the municipality of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil,between January 2013 and June 2018.Methodology:Cross-sectional study, based on retrospective and descriptive analysis of medical records.Results:Of the 221 records analyzed, white (56.6%) and male (70.6%) were the most prevalent, with a mean age between 55 and 65 years. Most (61.9%) had incomplete primary education, being residents of an urban area (59.6%) with a history of tobacco use (64.6%) and / or alcoholic beverages (53.9%).The most prevalent site of cancer in the mouth was the base of the tongue (12.7%). Conclusions:Knowing the profile of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer is an important step to better outline and direct public health actions aimed at both prevention and early diagnosis (AU).


Introducción: Los tumores de cabeza y cuello tienen una expresiva incidencia y mortalidad, así como alta letalidad, y constituyen un relevante problema de salud pública, especialmente en los países en desarrollo. Entre las neoplasias malignas diagnosticadas en el mundo,aproximadamente el 10% están localizadas en la boca, siendo este el sexto tipo de cáncer más común.Objetivo: Evaluar el perfil epidemiológico de pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de boca y faringe de la Liga Mossoroense de Estudos e Combate ao Câncer del municipio de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil,entre enero de 2013 y junio de 2018.Metodologia: Estudio transversal, basado en el análisis retrospectivo y descriptivo de los registros médicos.Resultados: De los 221 registros analizados, blancos (56,6%) y varones (70,6%) han sido los más prevalentes, con una media de edad entre 55 y 65 años. La mayoría (61,9%) presentaba educación primaria incompleta, siendo residentes de área urbana (59,6%) con antecedentes de uso de tabaco (64,6%) y/o bebidas alcohólicas (53,9%). El sitio más prevalente de cáncer en boca fuelabase de la lengua (12,7%). Conclusiones: Conocer el perfil de los pacientes con cáncer de boca y orofaringe es un importante paso para mejor delinear y dirigir acciones de salud pública objetivando tanto la prevención como el diagnóstico precoz (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Health Profile , Brazil/epidemiology , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Early Diagnosis , Medical Records , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Qualitative Research
4.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 13: 1082-1088, jan.-dez. 2021. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1248102

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: investigar o impacto da deformidade bucal oncológica na comunicação oral e na qualidade de vida de adultos e idosos. Métodos: estudo observacional descritivo, transversal, com abordagem mista. Amostra de 41 pacientes, submetidos à cirurgia para retirada do câncer bucal, resultando em mutilação e inteligibilidade verbal. Instrumentos: Questionário sociodemográfico; Índice de Desvantagem Vocal; Questionário Qualidade de Vida da Universidade de Washington; Roteiro Semiestruturado para análise no software Iramuteq®.Resultado: a mutilação predominou em região de palato. Avaliação vocal mostrou o sexo masculino com pior qualidade de vida, expressivamente escala Social, enquanto, o feminino, escala Física. A análise lexical mostrou necessidades, frustrações e expectativas. Conclusão: o estudo revelou a vergonha, o medo, o isolamento social e, ao mesmo tempo, a esperança de voltar a, pelo menos, poder falar e ser compreendido pelas outras pessoas através do uso da prótese


Objective: to investigate the impact of oral cancer deformity on oral communication and the quality of life of adults and the elderly. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional observational study with a mixed approach. Sample of 41 patients undergoing surgery to remove oral cancer, resulting in mutilation and verbal intelligibility. Instruments: Sociodemographic questionnaire; Voice Handicap Index; University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire; Semi-structured script for analysis in the Iramuteq® software. Result: mutilation predominated in the palate region. Vocal assessment showed the male sex with worse quality of life, significantly on the Social scale, while the female, Physical scale. Lexical analysis showed needs, frustrations and expectations. Conclusion:the study revealed shame, fear, social isolation and, at the same time, the hope of returning to at least being able to talk and be understood by other people through the use of the prosthesis


Objetivo: investigar el impacto de la deformidad del cáncer oral en la comunicación oral y la calidad de vida de adultos y ancianos. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal con enfoque mixto. Muestra de 41 pacientes sometidos a cirugía para extirpar el cáncer oral, lo que resulta en mutilación e inteligibilidad verbal. Instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico; Índice de discapacidad de voz; Cuestionario de calidad de vida de la Universidad de Washington; Guión semiestructurado para análisis en el software Iramuteq®. Resultado: la mutilación predominó en la región del paladar. La evaluación vocal mostró el sexo masculino con peor calidad de vida, significativamente en la escala social, mientras que la hembra, la escala física. El análisis léxico mostró necesidades, frustraciones y expectativas. Conclusión: el estudio reveló vergüenza, miedo, aislamiento social y, al mismo tiempo, la esperanza de volver al menos a poder hablar y ser entendido por otras personas mediante el uso de la prótesis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Quality of Life , Speech Intelligibility , Mouth Neoplasms/complications , Mouth Rehabilitation/psychology , Prostheses and Implants , Social Isolation/psychology , Mouth Neoplasms/psychology , Communication , Frustration
5.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 74(1): e20200080, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1155935

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the evidence available in the literature on the knowledge of dentists regarding risk factors and early diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Methods: it is an integrative review of the literature. Boolean descriptors and operators were searched in the PubMed and LILACS databases, using gray literature, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Results: of the 79 PubMed and 152 LILACS articles, 24 were selected. Of these, eight showed good knowledge of dentists, while most showed low or little knowledge of risk factors and early diagnosis in dentists. All studies, however, highlight the need for continuing education to improve and maintain knowledge about risk factors and early diagnosis. Conclusions: most dental surgeons have insufficient knowledge of oral/oropharyngeal cancer. Continued education is suggested, aiming at improving knowledge and early diagnosis.


RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre el conocimiento de los quirúrgicos dentistas cuanto a los factores de riesgo y diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de boca/ orofaríngeo. Métodos: revisión integrativa de la literatura. Se realizaron búsquedas mediante los descriptores y operadores booleanos en base de datos PubMed y LILACS, con uso de literatura gris, en los idiomas inglés, español y portugués. Resultados: de los 79 artículos del PubMed y 152 del LILACS, 24 seleccionados. De estos, ocho mostraron bueno conocimiento de los dentistas, mientras la mayoría mostró bajo o poco conocimiento sobre factores de riesgo y diagnóstico precoz en dentistas. Todos los estudios, aunque, destacan la necesidad de educación continuada para mejorar y mantener el conocimiento sobre factores de riesgo y diagnóstico precoz. Conclusiones: gran parte de los quirúrgicos dentistas presenta un conocimiento insuficiente sobre cáncer de boca/orofaríngeo. Sugerida educación continuada, objetivando mejorar el conocimiento y el diagnóstico precoz.


RESUMO Objetivos: identificar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o conhecimento dos cirurgiõesdentistas quanto aos fatores de risco e diagnóstico precoce do câncer de boca e orofaringe. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram realizadas buscas mediante os descritores e operadores booleanos na base de dados PubMed e LILACS, com uso de literatura cinza, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e portugês. Resultados: dos 79 artigos do PubMed e 152 do LILACS, 24 foram selecionados. Destes, oito mostraram bom conhecimento dos dentistas, enquanto a maioria mostrou baixo ou pouco conhecimento sobre fatores de risco e diagnóstico precoce em dentistas. Todos os estudos, no entanto, destacam a necessidade de educação continuada para melhorar e manter o conhecimento sobre fatores de risco e diagnóstico precoce. Conclusões: grande parte dos cirurgiões-dentistas apresenta um conhecimento insuficiente sobre câncer de boca/orofaringe. É sugerida a educação continuada, visando melhorar o conhecimento e o diagnóstico precoce.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mouth Neoplasms , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms , Surgeons , Mouth Neoplasms/etiology , Risk Factors , Knowledge
6.
Humanidad. med ; 20(2): 382-400, 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124849

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de caracterizar la situación inherente al proceso de prevención del cáncer bucal en el área de salud del Policlínico Comunitario Arturo Puig Ruiz de Villa, de Minas, Camagüey. Método: Estudio cuasi experimental de intervención con el propósito de implementar acciones educativas en la comunidad. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por 1860 pacientes dispensarizados. El tipo de muestra intencional conformada por los 25 pacientes que presentaron enfermedades premalignas y malignas de la cavidad bucal y factores de riesgo, a los cuales se le suman los 47 familiares. Resultados: Los principales factores de riesgo que afectan la salud bucal de la comunidad estudiada son: la higiene bucal deficiente, el tabaquismo, las prótesis desajustadas, las restauraciones defectuosas con bordes filosos, el alcoholismo y la exposición a las radiaciones solares. Las enfermedades bucales relacionadas con el cáncer bucal que presentó la población estudiada fueron la leucoplasia, la queilitis actínica, la eritroplasia, el liquen plano y el lupus eritematoso discoide. Discusión: Exhibe la constatación de la relación entre las condiciones sociales de la comunidad, sus costumbres y prácticas familiares y sociales con los factores de riesgo que propician la aparición del cáncer bucal.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The paper was carried out with the objective to characterize the situation in the process of prevention of the mouth cancer in the Clinic Arturo Puig Ruiz de Villa, of the Minas municipality, in the Camagüey province, Cuba. Method: A quasi-experimental intervention study is carried out with the purpose of implementing educational actions in the community. The study universe consisted of 1860 dispensed patients. The type of intentional sample made up of the 25 patients who presented premalignant and malignant diseases of the oral cavity and risk factors, to which are added patients' family. Results: The main risk factors that affect the oral health of the studied community are: poor oral hygiene, smoking, mismatched prostheses, defective restorations with sharp edges, alcoholism and exposure to solar radiation. The oral diseases related to oral cancer presented by the studied population were leukoplakia, actinic cheilitis, erythroplasia, lichen planus and discoid lupus erythematosus. Discussion: The relationship between the social conditions of the community, its family and social customs and practices with the risk factors that promote the appearance of oral cancer is verified.

8.
Indian J Cancer ; 2014 Dec; 51(5_Suppl): s67-s72
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-154357

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: In 1999, an increase in mouth cancer incidence among young men (<50 years) in urban Ahmedabad was reported to be occurring along with decreasing mouth cancer incidence in older age groups and increasing oral submucous fibrosis incidence associated with areca nut consumption among young men in Gujarat. The aim was to investigate whether the increase in the incidence mouth cancer that had started among young men in the 1990s was continuing. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Ahmedabad urban population, comparison of reported mouth cancer cases in the population across four time period. METHODS: Age‑specific incidence rates of mouth cancer (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]‑9:143–5; ICD‑10:C03–06) in five year age groups among men aged ≥15 years for the city of Ahmedabad for years 1985, 1995, 2007 and 2010 were extracted from published reports. For comparison, lung cancer (ICD‑9:169; ICD‑10:C33–C34) rates were also abstracted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: A cohort approach was used for further analysis of mouth cancer incidence. Age adjusted incidence rates of mouth and lung cancer for men aged ≥15 years were calculated and compared. RESULTS: The age specific incidence rates of mouth cancer among men increased over the 25‑year period while lung cancer rates showed a net decrease. Using a cohort approach for mouth cancer, a rapid increase in younger age cohorts was found. CONCLUSIONS: Mouth cancer incidence increased markedly among men in urban Ahmedabad between 1985 and 2010, apparently due to increasing consumption of areca nut products, mawa and gutka. Gutka has now been banned all over India, but a more vigorous implementation is necessary.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Areca/adverse effects , Humans , India , Male , Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology , Mouth Neoplasms/etiology , Oral Submucous Fibrosis/epidemiology , Oral Submucous Fibrosis/etiology , Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects
9.
Odontol. clín.-cient ; 9(2): 131-133, abr.-jun. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-874159

ABSTRACT

O câncer de boca é uma doença de múltiplas causas, em que o tabagismo e o etilismo são apontados como principal fatores etiológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de avaliar a frequência de tais hábitos em pacientes com histórico de câncer na região de boca e orofaringe que foram acompanhados no Centro de Referência de Lesões Bucais (CRLB) da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Bahia no período de fevereiro a setembro de 2005. Metodologia: este trabalho consiste numa análise retrospectiva em que foram consultados os prontuários dos pacientes atendidos no período de fevereiro a setembro de 2005 e, naqueles que apresentaram histórico de câncer, tratado ou instalado, os dados foram colhidos. Resultados: mais de 60% dos homens eram etilistas e tabagistas. A proporção de mulheres que apresentaram a doença sem, contudo, haver associação com háitos foi de mais de 30%, superando e muito a encontrada para os homens, que foi de 8%. Conclusão: a maioria dos pacientes incluídos no estudo era do sexo masculino, fumantes e etilistas.


Mouth's cancer has multiple etiologies where tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking are the main etiological factors. The objective this work is to determine the frequency of these two habits in patients with history of cancer in the oral cavity and oropharinx. These patients had been receiving treatment within of the reference Center of Oral Leslons at the State University of Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil during February to September, 2005. Method: A retrospective studies was conducted, using the medial records of the patients who had histories of mouth and oropharinx cancer and had been treated or were awaiting treatment. Results: more than 60% of the male patients were heavy drinkers and tobacco smokers. More than 30% of the women with cancer, neither smoked tobacco nor drank alcohol. Whereas, in men only 8% of the patients affected, did not smoke or drank alcohol. Conclusion: The majority of the patients were males, tobacco smokers and alcohol users.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism , Risk Factors , Mouth Neoplasms/prevention & control , Tobacco Use Disorder
10.
Rev. clín. pesq. odontol. (Impr.) ; 5(2): 129-134, maio-ago. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-617412

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Revisar a literatura concernente à utilização da ressonância nuclear magnética no estadiamento do câncer de boca e apresentar caso de neoplasia maligna onde a RNM contribuiu para a detecção da lesão em tecidos moles. RESULTADO E DISCUSSÃO: A RNM é a ferramenta de imagem que evolui com maior rapidez em diagnóstico na área de saúde. Suas vantagens principais são a alta resolução dos tecidos moles e ausência de risco biológico aos pacientes. Com estas qualidades, pode ser usada para detalhar a anatomia, permitindo melhor estadiamento das lesões no câncer bucal, contribuindo igualmente para o diagnóstico precoce de possíveis recidivas. No caso apresentado(neoplasia maligna de pequeno tamanho), a RNM contribuiu para a detecção da lesão em tecidos moles, na extensão da lesão e no planejamento cirúrgico.


OBJECTIVE: To review the literature about cancer staging by using magnetic resonance image (MRI) and to present a case to illustrate the utility of this image diagnosis tool. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: MRI is the fastest evolving imaging tool for diagnosis in health area. Its main advantages include a high detail resolution soft tissue and no biological risks to patients. Thus, it can be used to evaluate the detailed anatomy of structures, allowing better staging for treatment of patients with oral cavity cancer as well as better assessment of possible post-surgical treatment and/or radiotherapy changes. Early detection of relapses is also a key advantage, which might lead to appropriate monitoring, and protocols that could greatly improve patients’welfare. The present case study illustrates the difference between the CT scan and MRI in the analysis of a small lesion, where CT scan yielded no information on clinical staging while MRI was decisive in the soft tissue injury view, extent of lesion and adequate surgical planning.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neoplasm Staging , Mouth Neoplasms
11.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 73(1): 93-100, jan.-fev. 2007. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-449712

ABSTRACT

A metástase cervical é o fator de prognóstico mais relevante do carcinoma epidermóide de boca. Fatores clínicos e histológicos estão associados com o desenvolvimento da metástase cervical, porém a pesquisa de fatores moleculares está sendo amplamente realizada nos últimos anos. OBJETIVO: Observar a associação da expressão da ciclina D1 como fator de risco para a presença de metástase cervical. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A expressão da ciclina D1 foi estudada e verificada sua associação com a metástase em 45 pacientes com câncer de boca. A leitura da expressão da ciclina D1 foi realizada pelo método estereológico. Características clínicas e histológicas foram pesquisadas e associadas com a presença de metástase. RESULTADOS: A expressão da ciclina D1 foi encontrada em 15 pacientes (33,4 por cento) e não esteve associada a fatores clínicos, histológicos e com a presença de metástase cervical, sendo sua expressão independente. O estadiamento clínico e as embolizações vasculares foram os fatores preditivos de maior relevância para o desenvolvimento de metástase. CONCLUSÕES: A expressão da ciclina D1, embora seja independente, não está associada com a presença de metástase cervical, enquanto que o estadiamento clínico e as embolizações vasculares estão.


Cervical metastasis represent the most relevant prognostic factor in carcinomas of the mouth. Clinical and histological factors are associated with the development of cervical metastasis; however, research on molecular factors has been broadly carried out in recent years. AIM: The aim of this study is to analyze the association of the Cyclin D1 as a risk factor for the presence of cervical metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cyclin D1 expression was measured and the association between such substance and metastasis was found in 45 patients with mouth cancer treated by the author of this paper. Cyclin D1 presence was checked through the stereological method. Clinical and histological characteristics have been analyzed and associated with metastasis. RESULTS: Cyclin D1 expression was found in 15 patients but it was not associated with clinical and histological factors related to the presence of metastasis. Such conclusion indicates that Cyclin D1 is an independent protein. The most important predictive aspects related to metastasis development have been clinical staging and vascular embolization. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclin D1, although independent, is not associated with cervical metastasis, while staging and vascular embolization are.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Cyclin D1/analysis , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Immunohistochemistry , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Staging , Neck/pathology , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Survival Analysis
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