Effect of modified myocutaneous flaps in treatment of lower eyelid relaxation / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective@#To observe the effect of modified myocutaneous flaps in the treatment of lower eyelid relaxation.@*Methods@#From June 2017 to November 2018, 85 patients with lower eyelid relaxation were treated in our hospital. Modified musculocutaneous flaps were used in all cases. The techniques of preservation of eye fur, treatment of lacrimal grooves and muscle resection and suture were emphasized during the operation. All patients were followed up for 6 months to observe the occurrence of complications. At 6 months after operation, the satisfaction of operation was evaluated.@*Results@#After 6 months of follow-up, 79 cases (92.94%) were satisfied. The symptoms included the disappearance of lower eyelid skin relaxation, the disappearance of lower eyelid margin baggy groove, no eyelid retraction, the formation of " orbicularis oculi muscle threshold" on the eyelid margin, and no obvious scar. There were 6 cases of basic satisfaction and 0 cases of unsatisfactory. Two patients had mild eyelid ectropion, 2 patients had slight scar hyperplasia at the lateral canthus incision, and no complications such as retrobulbar hematoma, infection and facial nerve injury occurred. No second repair operation was performed.@*Conclusions@#Modified musculocutaneous flaps have a satisfactory effect in the treatment of lower eyelid skin relaxation. It not only takes into account the advantages of the two traditional methods of skin flaps and musculocutaneous flaps, but also retains the natural physiological curvature of eye fur. It can also significantly improve the wrinkles and lacrimal grooves of lower eyelid. It is worthy popularizing.

Usefulness of the orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap in periorbital reconstruction

BACKGROUND: The esthetic and functional outcomes of periorbital defect reconstruction are very important because of the complex anatomy and specialized functions of this region. The orbicularis oculi myocutaneous (OOMC) flap is useful for the reconstruction of periorbital defects. But, according to the location and depth of the defects, the reconstruction using OMC flaps with various techniques is rare. The authors have used various kinds of OOMC flaps in various situations and we present an analysis of our experiences. METHODS: From November 2001 to July 2017, we used 36 OOMC flaps to reconstruct 30 periorbital defects in 25 patients. We analyzed the cause of the defect, its location, the type of concomitant surgery, the method of flap movement, and complications. RESULTS: Of the 30 defects, basal cell carcinoma was the most common cause, accounting for 20 cases. When the used OOMC flap was classified according to the location of the defects, the switch flap was used in nine cases among 15 defects of lower eyelid, and the V-Y advancement flap was mainly used for other parts. As surgical methods according to the depth of defect were classified, all cases involving the tarsal plate were reconstructed with a composite graft. In case of skin and muscles, they were reconstructed only with OOMC flap or with full-thickness skin graft. CONCLUSION: The OOMC flap provides good skin quality that is very similar to that of the defect tissue. Depending on the location and depth of the defect, the OOMC flap may be used properly in a variety of ways to achieve good results.

Three-Directional Reconstruction of a Massive Perineal Defect after Wide Local Excision of Extramammary Paget's Disease

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare, slow-growing intraepithelial malignancy that mainly involves the genital region, including the vulva, penis, scrotum, perianal, and periurethral areas. Although several treatment options exist, wide local excision with a safe margin is considered the treatment of choice. After resection of the lesion, it is often challenging to reconstruct the defect because defects in the perineal region require adequate volume for protection and are susceptible to infections, which is a particularly significant risk for large defects. We report a case of perivulvar EMPD that was reconstructed with three-directional local flaps after wide excision of the tumor. We covered the defect sequentially using the following 3 flaps: a gracilis myocutaneous flap from the left thigh, a bipedicled V-Y advancement flap from the lower abdomen, and an internal pudendal artery perforator-based island flap from the right buttock. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe a three-directional approach to extensive perivulvar reconstruction.

Analysis of Fibularis Tertius in Terms of Frequency, Morphology, Morphometry and Clinical Significance in North Indian Cadavers.

Introduction: The fibularis tertius muscle has always enjoyed the distinction of being an exclusively human structure and as such it has helped to separate man from the lower animals. Myocutaneous flaps have been progressively used in surgical reconstruction in the lower limb injuries requiring the use of muscles which result in less functional damage as flaps. Aim: Our study is aimed to evaluate frequency, morphology, morphometry and use of the fibularis tertius muscle as flaps in lower limb injuries. Materials and Methods: Sixty lower limbs from formalin preserved cadavers (28 male and 2 female) were dissected and evaluated for the following parameters: origin of muscle, distal insertion, nerve supply, frequency, morphology, morphometry and any variation regarding this muscle. Results: The fibularis tertius muscle was detected in all the cases (60 limbs). Origin of all the cases were found at the interosseous membrane, anterior border of the fibula, and anterior intermuscular septum. Most distal insertions were found at the medial and dorsal sides of base of the 5th metatarsal bone (98.34%). Mean value of muscle belly length was 21 cm and width was 1.9 cm. The mean length of the distal tendon with no muscle fibers up to insertion was 6 cm, and the mean width was 0.5 cm. Conclusions: The fibulari stertius muscle is frequent and has a distinct morphology, making it a feasible option for use as graft. Knowledge of these variations may have useful clinical applications in cases of leg or foot trauma requiring tendoplasty or tendon transfer operations.

Medial and Lateral Canthal Reconstruction with an Orbicularis Oculi Myocutaneous Island Flap

BACKGROUND: The eyelid and canthal areas are common locations for cutaneous tumors. The medial canthus includes, among many other apparatuses, the canthal tendon and lacrimal canaliculi, and its characteristic thin and supple skin is hard to mimic and restore using tissue from other regions. Accordingly, reconstruction of the canthal area can prove challenging for surgeons. Although various methods, such as skin grafts and local flaps from adjacent regions, have been utilized for reconstructive purposes, they present known disadvantages. However, we were able to successfully reconstruct both lateral and medial canthal area defects by using orbicularis oculi myocutaneous island flaps. METHODS: Our study included seven patients who underwent medial or lateral canthal region reconstruction, using orbicularis oculi myocutaneous island flaps, between 2011 and 2014, following either cutaneous tumor excision or traumatic avulsion injury. RESULTS: Five patients had basal cell carcinoma, one had squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid, and one had sustained a traumatic avulsion injury of the eyelid and canthal area. Entire flap loss was not observed in any patient, but one-a heavy smoker-showed partial flap loss, which healed with secondary intention and yielded acceptable results. Donor site morbidity was not observed, and all patients were satisfied with their surgical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The canthal regions can be successfully reconstructed with orbicularis oculi myocutaneous island flaps. These flaps offer several key advantages, including similarity in texture, color, and thickness to the recipient site and a negligible incidence of donor site morbidity.

Reconstrução mamária com retalho dermogorduroso de pedículo inferior associado ao músculo peitoral / Breast reconstruction with pedicle fat dermal layer associated pectorallis muscle flap

Introdução: A mastectomia é o tratamento padrão para todos os tipos de câncer (CA) de mama. Essa doença, com exceção dos cânceres de pele não melanoma, ocupa o primeiro lugar dos cânceres que acometem as mulheres. Muitas são as possibilidades de reconstrução para mastectomia total, envolvendo retalhos autólogos e colocação de implantes. Os avanços na utilização dessas técnicas têm sido aprimorado ao longo dos anos de forma a proporcionar excelentes resultados. O objetivo deste trabalho é a descrição da técnica de reconstrução mamária com retalho dermogorduroso de pedículo inferior associado ao músculo peitoral e análise dos resultados. Métodos: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de prontuários das pacientes operadas para tratamento de câncer de mama, no período de 2008 a 2013, na clínica privada do autor. Foram selecionadas todas as pacientes que apresentavam tumores localizados nos quadrantes superiores. Resultados: No período analisado, 210 pacientes foram submetidas à reconstrução mamária. Destas, 17 (8,09 %) foram submetidas à reconstrução de mama pela técnica proposta. Com relação às complicações pós-operatórias, observou-se 1 caso de necrose da pele e 1 caso de assimetria. Conclusão: Além de tecnicamente simples e com resultados estéticos aceitáveis, o retalho proposto não acarreta em morbidade de sítio doador, recuperação prolongada, fraqueza muscular com a vantagem de, na maioria das vezes, ser realizado em um único tempo cirúrgico.

Introduction: A mastectomy is the standard treatment for all types of breast cancer (CA). This disease, with the exception of non-melanoma skin cancers, ranks first cancers that affect women. Many are the possibilities for full mastectomy reconstruction, involving autologous flaps and implant placement. Advances in the use of these techniques have been refined over the years in order to provide excellent results.The aim of this study is to describe the technique of breast reconstruction with the fat dermal inferior pedicle flap associated with pectoral and analysis of postoperative results. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients operated for treatment of breast cancer in the period 2008-2013, in the private practice of the author and all patients had tumors located in the upper quadrants were selected was performed. Results: Over this period, 210 patients underwent breast reconstruction. Of these, 17 (8.09%) underwent breast reconstruction by the proposed technique. Over this period, 210 patients underwent breast reconstruction. Of these, 17 (8.09%) underwent breast reconstruction by the proposed technique. Regarding postoperative complications, there was 1 case of skin necrosis and 1 case of asymmetry. Conclusions: Apart from technically simple and acceptable cosmetic results, the proposed flap does not result in donor site morbidity, prolonged recovery, muscle weakness with the advantage that, in most cases, be accomplished in a single operation.

Reconstrucción mamaria posmastectomía en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología de Cuba (2008-2012) / Post-mastectomy breast reconstruction at the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology in Cuba (2008-2012)

Introducción: el impacto psicológico causado por la cirugía radical de la mama afecta la percepción de la propia imagen, y lo hace sumado al daño causado por la propia enfermedad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar experiencias en la reconstrucción mamaria posmastectomía. Métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo para caracterizar la experiencia en la reconstrucción mamaria posmastectomía en pacientes atendidas en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2012. Resultados: el grupo etario predominante estuvo integrado por mujeres entre 30 y 49 años. Predominaron los estadios I y II, y el carcinoma ductal infiltrante fue el más frecuente. Se realizó con mayor frecuencia la reconstrucción con expansión tisular, y le siguieron en frecuencia la reconstrucción con músculo dorsal ancho y la reconstrucción con músculo recto abdominal transverso (TRAM). El tipo de reconstrucción diferida fue la predominante, y en el tratamiento de la mama contralateral la técnica más empleada fue la mastoplastia reductora. Las principales complicaciones estuvieron relacionadas con la técnica empleada. Conclusiones: todas las mujeres pudieron someterse a la reconstrucción mamaria, y las técnicas quirúrgicas fueron aplicadas según las características específicas de cada paciente.

Introduction: the psychological impact of radical surgery of the breast affects the perception of the self-image in addition to the damage caused by the disease as such. This study was aimed at characterizing the experiences gained in post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. Methods: a prospective study was conducted to characterize the experiences gained in breast reconstruction after mastectomy in female patients seen at the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology from January 2008 through December 2012. Results: the predominant age group comprised women aged 30-49 years in I and II stagings, being the infiltrating ductal carcinoma the most frequent one. Reconstruction with tissue expansion was mostly performed, followed by reconstruction with wide dorsal muscle and reconstruction with transverse rectum abdominal muscle. The type of differed reconstruction was predominant. In the contralateral breast treatment, the most used technique was reductive mastoplasty. The main complications were associated to the type of surgical technique. Conclusions: all the operated women underwent breast reconstruction and the surgical techniques depended on the specific characteristics of each patient.

Reconstrucción mamaria en pacientes con patología mamaria / Breast reconstruction in patients with mammary pathology

El cáncer de mama en Cuba constituye la mayor tasa de incidencia de esta enfermedad en el sexo femenino y la segunda causa de muerte. Como resultado del tratamiento quirúrgico se realiza la mastectomía. De esta circunstancia se deriva la preocupación de las pacientes por ser sometidas a la cirugía reconstructiva. En este trabajo se presentan 3 casos de mujeres mastectomizadas por cáncer y por enfermedad benigna de comportamiento agresivo, tratados en el servicio de Cirugía Reconstructiva del Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología, entre marzo de 2010 y marzo de 2012. A cada paciente se le realizó la reconstrucción mamaria empleando la técnica quirúrgica disponible que fuera más conveniente, según su caso. Se utilizaron como técnicas quirúrgicas: la expansión tisular, el colgajo miocutáneo de dorsal ancho y el TRAM (transverse rectus abdominals myocutaneous). Se pudieron reconstruir todos los casos con adecuados resultados estéticos. Se demostró las ventajas de la reconstrucción mamaria y la vigencia de los colgajos miocutáneos(AU)

Breast cancer represents the highest incidence rate of this disease and the second cause of death in the female sex. Mastectomy is preformed as a result of surgical treatment. It causes patient's worry about undergoing reconstructive surgery. In this work, three cases of women who underwent mastectomies because they were suffering from cancer and benign diseases of aggressive behavior were presented. These women were treated in the Reconstructive Surgery Service of the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology from March 2010 to March 2012. Mammary reconstruction was performed in each patient, applying the most convenient surgical technique, according to the case. Surgical techniques such as tissular expansion, the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, and the TRAM (transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous) were used. All cases could be reconstructed, achieving good aesthetic results. The advantages of mammary reconstruction and the validity of myocutaneous flaps were demonstrated(AU)

Uso del colgajo del músculo recto anterior del abdomen (tram) en reconstrucción mamaria inmediata / Use of the flap of the rectus abdominis (tram) in immediate mammary econstruction

Estudio realizado en el hospital oncológico “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo” (SOLCA) en pacientes sometidas a reconstrucción mamaria inmediata (RMI). Tipo de estudio: retrospectivo, analítico, descriptivo. Objetivos: describir y analizar diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas en reconstrucción mamaria postmastectomía. Comparar distintos procedimientos de RM según el material usado en cuanto a complicaciones y resultado estético. Determinar el método reconstructivo más adecuado y aceptado por la paciente. Resultados: de 112 pacientes sometidas a RMI postmastectomía por cáncer de mama, en el hospital oncológico “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo” (SOLCA) durante 1994 - 2004, 12 fueron excluídas al ser mastectomizadas por otro motivo o por falta de seguimiento postquirúrgico. Además, la práctica inmediata de reconstrucción mamaria fue la más frecuente, siendo los tejidos autólogos (TRAM), la técnica más utilizada (79.8) ya que sus complicaciones (36.5), fueron menores que con agentes heterólogos, 69 sea con implantes y/o expansores. En cuanto al resultado estético con TRAM fue evaluado como excelente por la misma paciente (56) y médico encargado (52). Conclusión: estos resultados demuestran la importancia de capacitar y entrenar a los cirujanos en RM para brindarles a las mujeres mastectomizadas una nueva opción con buenos resultados.

Study carried out in the oncologic hospital “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo” (SOLCA) inpatients subjected to immediate mammary reconstruction (IMR). Study type: retrospective, analytical, descriptive. Objectives: describe and analyze different surgical techniques used in post-mastectomy. Mammary reconstruction. Compare different procedures of MR according to the material used regarding complications and esthetic result. Determine the most appropriate and accepted by the patient reconstructive method. Results: 12 patients out of 112 subjected to post-mastectomy IMR due to mammary cancer in the oncologic hospital “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo” (SOLCA) from 1994 to 2004, were excluded because they had mastectomy for other reasons or lack of post-surgical follow up. Additionally, the immediate mammary reconstruction was the most frequent, and the most used technique the autologous tissues –TRAM - (79.8), since its complications (36.5) were lesser than with heterologous agents (69), be it with implanting and/or expanders. Regarding the estheticresult with TRAM, it was evaluated as excellent by the patient herself (56) and doctor in charge (52). Conclusion: these results prove the importance of preparing and training RM surgeons to offer to women that had mastectomy a new option with good results.

Unsuccess Cause Analysis of Pedunculated Flaps Reconstructed the Defect of Floor of the Mouth / 中国医师杂志

Objective To analyze the reason of necrosis for pedunculated skin flaps repaired after floor of the mouth defect repair.Methods 56 cases of pedunclated-flaps restoring the floor of the mouth from 1996 to 2001 were reviewed, and pedunclated-flap repair was performed after operation in 11 cases suffering from malignant tumors in the floor of the mouth, and 5 kinds of pedunculated flaps were compared.Results Five kinds of pedunculated flaps were used to reconstruct the floor of the mouth defects. Its successful sequence was as following: forehead flap, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, sternocleidomastoid flaps,trapezius myocutaneous flaps, and subhyoid flap.Conclusions Causes of those flaps necrosis might relate to furnishing blood with supplied-flaps region and structure of anatomy in received-flaps region, also it is related to operater's skill.So the reason of repair failure of skin flaps with pedicle needs comprehensive analysis.